短流程废水处理工艺及成套装备研制与产业化课题技术总结报告

杨敏 张昱 高迎新 李刚 陈春茂

摘 要：本年度，课题以关键污染物聚合物和残留抗生素效价的消除为切入点开展低能耗短流程废水处理工艺与成套装备研究，在聚合物采油废水体系表征方法与处理技术以及抗生素生产废水处理技术等研究上取得重要进展，达到预期目标。针对聚合物采油废水体系成分复杂、缺乏有效表征手段的问题，课题组开展了系统的表征方法学研究，在借鉴胶体科学、界面化学等学科的方法学手段的基础上，建立了一套针对聚合物采油废水体系的表征方法。利用上述采油废水体系表征方法，对聚合物驱油、二元（聚合物、表面活性剂）驱油以及塞克迪（SAGD）等过程产生的采油废水的乳化特性进行了系统分析，初步探讨了二元驱油田采出废水乳化形成机制，同时进行了破乳剂的研发，筛选得到破乳效果良好的破乳剂及其适用条件，在此基础上提出了针对新疆某油田的二元驱油田采出废水处理工艺。针对油田独立井场洗井外排废液污染问题，课题组围绕生物调整、氧化及分离等过程节开展模拟研究，确定了关键工艺参数，目前正在进行撬装式短流程处理装备的设计。 针对抗生素中间产物的生物效应缺乏有效表征手段的问题，课题组利用微生物浊度法建立了废水中抗生素的残留效价表征方法，能够对废水中的不同抗生素及其具有抗菌活性基团的代谢产物的综合生物活性效能进行评估。针对抗生素生产废水生物处理过程中抗生素残留及抗药基因生成等问题，课题组系统开展了抗生素及抗药基因的控制技术研究。对于生物抑制性强的四环素、土霉素等抗生素，用臭氧等处理技术系统开展了选择性破坏抗生素活性的生产废水预处理技术研究；对于废水生物处理过程中产生的大量抗药基因，系统开展了中温和高温厌氧消化技术对于剩余污泥中残留抗生素及抗药基因去除效果比较研究。 上述研究解决了某油田聚合物采油废水外排达标处理问题，并提出了针对二元驱采油废水处理工艺方案，形成分别针对油田联合站和单独井场的含聚采油废水短流程处理及资源化集成技术与系列装备。同时，提出抗生素选择性去除预处理技术和抗生素生产废水深度处理技术，初步建立以达标排放、抗生素残留效价和抗药基因排放控制为目标的抗生素生产废水低能耗处理集成技术与高效反应器。

关键词：短流程；废水处理工艺；成套装备

Abstract：In this project， we have carried out the research of the low-energy-consumption and short-cut wastewater treatment process and equipment to remove the polymer from oilfield wastewater and the residual potency of antibiotics from antibiotic production wastewater， respectively. On the basis of colloid science， the interfacial chemistry and other research area， a set of characterization methods for studying polymer produced water have been established to solve the problem of characterizing the complex emulsion system of the polymer produced wastewater. Then the emulsifying properties of the oilfield produced water by polymer flooding， polymer/surfactant flooding， and the SAGD process were systematically analyzed， and the emulsion stability mechanisms of the polymer/surfactant produced water were preliminarily studied. Moreover， the effective demulsifiers were developed the applied conditions were optimized. On the basis of above results， a new process for treating the polymer/surfactant produced water from Xinjiang Oilfield was developed. On the other hand， the biological， the oxidation and separation processes have been simulated to solve the pollution problem of flushing efflux waste from the independent wellsite in the oilfield. And the optimal parameters were determined. According to our developed short-cut wastewater treatment technology， a skid-mounted equipment have been designed and manufactured.

Key words：Short-cut；Wastewater Treatment Process；Integrated Equipment

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