节能降耗污泥脱水装备及制备建材技术与示范

宋繁永 刘丰 周立祥

摘 要：我国污水厂建设存在严重的“重水轻泥”现象，导致大量污泥“积压”，未得到合理的安全处理处置，存在二次污染的隐患。近年来，国家对于污泥的处理处置日益重视，但目前我国正在运行的市政污泥处理处置工程，均存在能耗高、核心装置故障多、工艺运行不稳定的问题，导致我国市政污泥的能源化与资源化利用水平低等的共性问题。本项目通过开发节能降耗型污泥脱水技术，实现污泥的能源化与资源化利用，建设污泥减量及资源化利用示范工程。在保持污泥原有有机质和热值等有益成分不变的前提下，通过研究生物沥浸预处理污泥工艺与技术，显著改善污泥机械脱水性能；开发高效节能污泥机械脱水设备，将污泥含水率降低到60%以下，同时保证预处理环节和脱水设备实现自动化控制，数据自动采集，实时监控。在此基础上，研发深度脱水半干化污泥建材化的利用途径，通过技术集成优化，形成市政污泥高效脱水关键设备设计准则、运行指南和技术标准，为我国污泥资源化利用及其产业化发展提供技术支撑。深入分析测试了污泥基本性质，通过对采集了典型城镇污水处理厂污泥进行了50多个指标的分析测试，了解里了污泥水分状况以及表面电荷情况，为污泥脱水性能的调理奠定了理论基础。结果上看，城市液态污泥比阻大，难脱水；污泥富含有机质和氮磷植物养分；也含有重金属和难降解有机污染物。研究了污泥生物沥浸处理中微生物区系和EPS对脱水性能的影响。污泥经过生物沥浸处理后可通过隔膜厢式压滤脱水机一步脱水到含水率？60%的污泥饼。但生物沥浸提高污泥脱水性能的机制尚不十分清楚，本年度主要从自养菌和异养菌菌落形成单位数（CFU）的相对变化及EPS两方面来探讨其影响机制。改良式化学调理剂的研制及其调理机理研究。 针对含水80%左右的脱水污泥，在研制添加量低（污泥干物质的15%以下）、成本低、易产业化、满足后续资源化利用的调理剂方面做了深入研究。节能降耗模块化立式污泥脱水装备的研发。针对目前污泥厢式或板框压滤脱水设备占地大、自动卸料和滤布清洗的效果不好；滤布变形较大、易损坏、寿命短等问题，研发占地少节能降耗模块化立式污泥脱水装备，对装备构件中可变腔式过滤模块构型、过滤模块间自动密封技术、滤料自动脱落装置等做了研究，探讨了生物沥浸处理污泥焚烧处置效果及影响因素。比较了生物沥浸处理后深度脱水污泥（含水约60%）与常规脱水污泥（含水约80%）在室温条件下水分蒸发速率的差异，以评价其干化效果。

关键词：节能降耗 ； 污泥脱水； 建材制备

Abstract：There is a serious "wastewater first， sewage sludge second" phenomenon in the construction of wastewater treatment， large number of sludge has not been safely treated and disposal. Recently， the government has paid more and more efforts on the sludge treatment and disposal， but problems such as high energy， multi-core device failure， process running instability were existed in current methods. This project has developed energy-saving sludge dewatering technology， made it possible for the sludge utilization， the construction of sludge reduction and resource utilization demonstration project. As maintaining the original organic matter and calorific value and other ingredients， significantly improved mechanical sludge dewatering performance was achieved by studying bioleaching pretreated sludge process and technology. The energy efficient mechanical sludge dewatering equipment could be used to reduce sludge moisture content below 60%. At the same time the pretreatment part and the dewatering equipment were combined automatic control， automatic data collection， real-time monitoring. The formation of municipal sludge dewatering efficiency of key equipment design criteria， operational guidelines and technical standards for the utilization of sludge should be done. The basic properties of the sludge were analyzed through the collection of the typical municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge. More than 50 indicators were analyzed to study where the moisture and surface charge conditions. These tests performed a theoretical basis for the sludge dewatering process. In the results， the liquid sludge performed higher specific resistance， which made the sludge difficult to dehydrate. The sludge bioleaching process and EPS effects on the sludge dewatering performance were studied. After bioleaching sludge could be treated to a moisture content of 60%. The relative change of EPS and autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria colony forming units （CFU） were learned to investigate the impact mechanism.

Key words：energy-saving， sludge dewatering， construction material preparation

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