基因与基因组的精细合成原理和技术研究报告

赵国屏　王金　周湘元

摘 要：合成生物学无论是对于理解生命的本质还是对发展改造生命的技术手段都具有非常重要的作用。在聚合酶拼接法（PCA）技术发明之后，随着大量设计引物和DNA测序的高效率和低成本，特别是大片段DNA的拼接、克隆等多项技术的建立和发展，使得从头合成大片段DNA甚至的微生物基因组成为现实。然而，作为一个新兴的领域，合成生物学仍面临着诸多的问题，无论是基础理论还是工程技术方面都还有待进一步的发展和完善。该课题重点发展“自下而上”的使能技术，包括DNA高通量、高保真合成和大片段DNA高效拼接。此外，亦进行染色体的改造来为天然产物的高效表达发展优化的底盘细胞。

关键词：DNA合成 DNA拼接 高通量 高保真 大片段

Abstract：Synthetic biology is very important both for the understanding of the nature of life and for the development of new techniques. After the invention of polymerase chain assembly （PCA）， the much lower cost and higher efficiency in primer design and DNA sequencing and in particular the establishment and development of new technologies for splicing， cloning，etc.， make the de novo synthesis of large DNA fragment or even microbial genome a reality. However， as an emerging field， synthetic biology is still facing a lot of problems， among which both the theory and engineering technology are to be further developed and improved. In this project， “bottom-up” enabling technologies， including those for high-throughput， high-fidelity DNA synthesis and efficient assembly of large DNA fragments. In addition， optimized chassis cells are constructed through directly editing the chromosome， which can be used for efficient expression of natural products.

Key Words：DNA synthesis；DNA assembly；High throughput；High fidelity；Large DNA fragments

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