“震害遥感综合评估技术与示范应用”2013年度总结报告

张景发 龚丽霞 蒋洪波 尤红建 赵英俊

摘 要：我国是地震多发国家，地震造成的经济损失和人畜伤亡均呈上升趋势。地震发生后，快速、准确地获取灾情信息，开展有效救援工作，可以大大地减轻灾害损失，是地震应急与评估工作中的重要环节。多源的遥感数据能够提供给人们更多的灾情信息，从而能够让人们对灾情有更全面、准确地了解。地震应用实践表明，卫星遥感技术以其速度快、范围大、动态性好等技术优势已在地震灾害调查和评估中发挥越来越重要的作用。我国利用遥感卫星和航空影像资料已开展了一些震害评估的研究，然而在灾情信息获取的时效性、准确性、应用层次、应用系统开发水平等方面还与国外存在差距。针对我国防震减灾工作的紧迫性及重要性，课题对震害评估中多源遥感技术应用的技术途径进行深入研究，开展多角度、多形式与多任务的研究，充分利用多源遥感技术的优势，研究基于遥感地面模型的震害综合评估技术，研究基于遥感成像机理及定量遥感技术的定量震害参数提取方法，建立基于纹理结构特征和散射等特征的遥感地面震害模型，并设计出定量的震害程度参数算法和标准，建立快速有效和经过效率优化的遥感震害评估系统，进行示范应用。通过2年的研究，课题在4类典型震害目标（建筑物倒塌、山体滑坡、泥石流和堰塞湖）的散射机理、SAR图像精确配准技术、高分辨率SAR图像建筑物成像表征分析和仿真技术、光学遥感影像变化检测技术、典型震害信息提取的极化SAR目标分解技术、LiDAR数据处理与特征提取技术以及震害信息提取与综合评估技术等诸多方面取得了一定的研究成果。这些成果，可以促进遥感技术、灾害监测预警技术、灾害损失实物量评估技术的综合发展，对我国灾害遥感信息处理研究及相关科研领域产生积极的促进作用。同时，通过后续研究及应用，将大大地提高灾害遥感信息处理效率，促进无人机测量、LiDAR等新型技术及传感器的发展与完善，同时也为我国的防震减灾事业提供技术及人才队伍支撑。

关键词：地震 遥感 震害评估

2013 Annual Summary Report on "Integrated Remote Sensing Techniques Applied in Earthquake Damage Assessment and Demonstration"

Zhang Jingfa1 Gong Lixia1 Jiang Hongbo1 You Hongjian2 Zhao Yingjun3

（1.Institute of crustal stress， China Earthquake Administration； 2.Institute of Electronics， Chinese Academy of Sciences；

3.CNNC Beijing Nuclear Industry Geological Research Institute）

Abstract： The economic losses and casualties caused by earthquakes in China showed an upward trend. It is really important after earthquakes to have a rapid and accurate access to seismic information， effectively carry out rescue work and greatly reduce losses. Multi-source remote sensing data can provide people with more information about the disaster and enables people to have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding about the disaster situation.We will take good use of multi-source remote sensing technology， focus on comprehensive damage assessments and technology based on ground remote sensing methods， research on quantitative damage parameter extraction methods based on remote sensing imaging mechanism and quantitative remote sensing technology， establish remote sensing ground seismic models based on texture features and scattering characteristics， design quantitative damage parameter algorithms and standards， build a quick ， effective and efficiently optimized remote sensing seismic assessment system and put it into application. After nearly two years of study ， our subject has achieved some outcomes on the scattering mechanisms of four typical damage targets （collapsed buildings ， landslides ， mudslides and barrier lakes ） ， accurate multi-source SAR image registration techniques ， high-resolution SAR image building characterization analysis and simulation technology， change detection techniques with optical remote sensing images， decomposition techniques of polarimetric SAR targets extracted from typical seismic information， LiDAR data processing and feature extraction techniques， and damage information extraction and comprehensive evaluation techniques. These results can promote remote sensing technology， disaster monitoring and early warning technology， assessment techniques of physical volumes of disaster loss， and Chinese seismic remote sensing research. Meanwhile， through follow-up research and application， it will not only greatly enhance disaster remote sensing information processing efficiency and promote the development and improvement of UAV measurements， LiDAR sensors and other new technologies， but also provide technological and personnel support for China's Earthquake Preparedness and Disaster Reduction.

Key Words： Earthquake； Remote Sensing； Earthquake disaster assessment

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