Module 6 War and Peace

2016-05-10

时代英语·高二 2016年2期

关键词：横线方框空白处

高考词汇

abandon v. 放弃，抛弃

last v. 持续

occupy v. 占领

wound v. 使受伤

overlook v. 俯视，往下看

condemn v. 责难；谴责

rescue v. 营救，拯救

drop v. 扔下，投下

shave v. & n. 刮胡子

yell v. 大叫，呼喊

encourage v. 鼓舞，鼓励

arm v. 装备，武装

operation n. 行动

beach n. 海滩

troop n. 部队，士兵

private n. 兵，士兵

memorial n. 纪念碑；纪念馆

nationality n. 国籍

bomb n. 炸弹

campaign n. 作战行动，军事行动

station n. 根据地，驻扎地，基地

chain n. 链条，铁链

view n. 观点

chaos n. 混乱，无秩序

courage n. 勇气，胆量

sacrifice n. 牺牲

company n. （陆军的）连，连队

baggage n. （军队的）行装；行李

bedding n. 被褥，寝具

comb n. 梳子

mess n. 混乱的局面

perfame v. 香水

razor n. 剃须刀

scissors n. 剪刀

stockings n. （常复）（女式）长袜

tractor n. 拖拉机

barbershop n. 理发店

moustache n. 小胡子

wax n. 蜡

sharpener n. 磨器，磨具

jar n. 罐子，广口瓶

carrot n. 胡萝卜

liberation n. 解放

constitution n. 宪法

vinegar n. 醋

helmet n. 头盔

disagreement n. 争论，矛盾，意见不合

personnel n. 全体人员

civilian n. 平民；文职人员

deep adj. 深的

confidential adj. 机密的，秘密的

worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有价值的，有用的

eventually adv. 最后，最终

afterwards adv. 后来

cheers int. （用于祝酒）祝你健康！

常用短语

＼declare war on 向……宣战

make a breakthrough 取得重大突破（进展）

pick up 停下来让某人搭车（船等）；救起

to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是

拓展词汇

survivor n. 幸存者

commander n. 指挥官

heroism n. 英雄主义，英雄气概

peacekeeper n. 维和人员

shocked adj. （感到）震惊的；惊骇的

memorable adj. 难忘的，特别的，值得回忆的

1. If 虚拟条件句（二）；

2. 错综时间虚拟条件句。

词汇短语园地

1. abandon v. 放弃，抛弃

（1） abandon sb to sth （不顾责任、义务等）遗弃某人给……

The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。

（2） abandon sth （to sb/sth）不得已而放弃/舍弃

They had to abandon their lands and property to the invading forces.

他们不得不放弃土地和财产，让侵略军占领。

（3） abandon oneself to sth 陷入/沉湎于某种感情

He abandoned himself to despair.

他陷入绝望。

2. drown v. 淹死，使溺死

Two children drowned after falling into the river.

两个孩子掉进河里淹死了。

（1） drown sth in sth 把某物浸泡在……里

The fruit was drowned in cream.

水果在奶油里泡过。

（2） drown sb/sth out 压过/盖过某人/某物

She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.

他开大了收音机的音量以压过隔壁房间的吵闹声。

3. last v. 持续，继续；继续存在，持续起作用，持久

The meeting only lasted （for） a few minutes.

会议只开了几分钟。

This kind of weather wont last.

这种天气持续不了多久。

Hes making a big effort now， and I hope it lasts.

现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。

比较：last和take的区别

last和take均表示某事持续的时间。last表示某事持续的时间，但并非一定要与表示时间的词语连用；而take表示到某地或做某事需要的时间，必须与表示时间的词语连用。

The movie lasted over two hours.

这部电影长达两个多小时。

How long do you think this storm will last？

你看这暴风雨会持续多久？

It takes （me） at least an hour to get home from work.

（我）下班回家至少得花一个小时。

How long will the flight take？

此次航班将飞行多长时间？

4. occupy v. 占领；使用，占用（空间、面积、时间等）

The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.

叛军已占领了首都。

How much memory does the program occupy？

这个程序占用了多少内存？

The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.

床似乎占去了大半个屋子。

5. wound v. 使（身体）受伤；使（心灵）受伤

About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.

在这次攻击中，约有50人受重伤。

She felt deeply wounded by his cruel remarks.

他那刻薄的话语使她感到深受伤害。

6. rescue v. 营救，拯救

rescue sb/sth （from sth/sb）（从某事中/某人手里）救出某

人/某物

They were eventually rescued by helicopter.

他们最后被直升机救走了。

He rescued a child from drowning.

他救起了一名落水儿童。

比较：save和rescue的区别

两者均可表示“救”，save属于普通用词，使用广泛，主要指把处于危险或危机状态中的人或物解救出来；而rescue则强调动作的迅速，指从直接的或迫在眉睫的危险中解救出来。两者常可换用。

The brave firemen saved （rescued） people from a burning house.

勇敢的消防人员从燃烧的房子里把人救出来。

The house was rescued （saved） from demolition.

这所房子保住了，可以不拆。

7. drop vt. 扔下，投下

vi. 掉下，落下；液体滴落，滴下；（价格，

劲势等）下降，下跌；累倒，累垮

I dropped the letter into the mail-box.

我将信投入信箱。

I dropped some small change into the collecting tin.

我把一些硬币投进募捐罐里了。

Tears dropped from her eyes.

泪水从她眼中滴落下来。

The price of coffee has dropped.

咖啡的价格已经降下来了。

I will work till I drop.

我要工作到我倒下为止。

1） drop back/behind 后退，落后，落在……后面

2） drop by/in/round = drop in on sb 顺便访问，顺便进入

3） drop off 打盹儿，小睡

4） drop out （of sth）不再参加，退出，脱离

8. mess n. 混乱的局面，麻烦，困境；肮脏，杂乱

The economy is in a mess.

经济陷入了困境。

The whole situation is a mess.

整个情况都是一团糟。

The kids made a mess in the bathroom.

孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。

9. shave v. & n. 刮胡子

The nurse washed and shaved him.

护士给他洗了脸，刮了胡子。

shave sth off 刮掉某物

Charles decided to shave off his beard.

查尔斯决定刮掉胡子。

I need a shave.

我需要刮胡子了。

10. cheers int.（用于祝酒）祝你健康！

Lets drink a toast to our hostess. Cheers！

为我们的女主人举杯。干杯！

cheer n. 欢呼声，喝彩声

A great cheer went up from the crowd.

观众爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。

cheer v. 欢呼，喝彩，加油

We all cheered as the team came on to the field.

球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。

cheerful adj. 快乐的，高兴的，兴高采烈的

He felt bright and cheerful and full of energy.

他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。

11. worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有价值的，有用的

The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.

她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。

（1） worthwhile to do sth 值得去做某事

It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.

把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。

（2） worthwhile doing sth 值得做了某事

It didnt seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

把它都在写出来似乎不必要。

比较：worth，worthy和worthwhile的区别

这三个词都是形容词，都有“值得”的意思，但用法或搭配关系不同。

（1） worth只能作表语，意思为“值……的”“相当于……的价值的”“有……价值的”“值得……的”。由于它类似介词，须在后面接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。

This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most.

The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting.

Its not worth getting angry with him.

（2） worthy可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”“值得尊敬的”“应受到赏识的”；作表语时意思为“值得……的”“应得到……的”，其后接of sth，也可以后接to do sth。

Guangzhou is worthy of a visit/to be visited.

He said he was not worthy to accept such honour.

The school has educated many worthy young people.

（3） worthwhile与worthy一样，既可作表语，又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或从中受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般意为“值得的”“值得做的”“有意义的”。用作表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。

The Summer Palace is worthwhile having/to have a visit.

Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.

Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.

12. encourage v. 鼓舞，鼓励

（1） encourage sb in sth 在某事上鼓励某人

My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.

在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。

（2） encourage sth in sb/sth 在某人/某物上助长某人

They claim that some computer games encourage violent behavior in young children.

他们声称有些电脑游戏助长儿童的暴力行为。

13. arm v. 装备，武装

arm oneself/sb with sth 用某物武装自己/某人

The crowd armed themselves with sticks and stones.

群众拿起棍棒和石块武装自己。

She had armed herself for the meeting with all the latest statistics.

为了这次会议，她准备了所有最新的统计资料。

14. declare war on 向……宣战

His government has declared war on the neighbouring country tonight.

他的政府已在今夜向邻国宣战了。

15. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破（进展）

The key to the problems is to make a breakthrough with a clear aim.

有针对性地寻找突破是解决这些问题的关键。

16. pick up 停下来让某人搭车（船等）；救起

He picked me up a few days later for a movie and dinner.

几天后他来接我，我们一起看电影，吃晚饭。

In the end， a boat picked me up.

最后，一艘船把我救起来了。

17. to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是

To my astonishment， he threw out the book and screamed at me.

令我惊讶的是，他把那本书丢出去并向我大声喊叫。

跟踪导练（一）

A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket （彩票） at the scene of his crime has been given a lesson in honesty. His victim， who picked up the ticket， then claimed the￡25000 prize， managed to find him， and handed over the cash. The robbery （盗窃案） happened when maths professor Vinicio Sabbatucci， 58， was changing a tyre on an Italian motorway. Another motorist， who stopped to “help”， stole a suitcase from his car and drove off. The professor found the dropped ticket and put it in his pocket before driving home to Ascoli in eastern Italy.

Next day， he saw the lottery results on TV and， taking out the ticket， realized it was a winner. He claimed the 60 million lire prize. Then he began a battle with his conscience. Finally， he decided he could not keep the money despite having been robbed. He advertised in newspapers and on radio， saying， “Im trying to find the man who robbed me. I have 60 million for him—a lottery win. Please meet me.”

Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized—and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber， a 35-year-old unemployed father of two， gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didnt you keep the money？” he asked. The professor replied， “I couldnt because its not mine.” Then he walked off， spurning the thiefs offer of a reward （回报）.

1. Where did the robbery happen？

A. On a bus. B. On a train.

C. On a motorway. D. On an airplane.

2. Hundreds of people phone professor Sabbatucci because they ___ .

A. lost the lottery ticket

B. hoped to get the money

C. knew who the robber was

D. wanted to make fun of him

3. What does the underlined word “spurning” mean？

A. Refusing. B. Accepting.

C. Requesting. D. Exchanging.

4. Whats the best title of the passage？

A. A Magic Lottery

B. A Thiefs Lucky Day

C. A Reward of Honesty

D. A Popular Maths Professor

There are two kinds of memory—short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks， while information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds， usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.

Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember a list of words. The subjects （主体） in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English： beginning， intermediate （中级的）， advanced， and native-speaking students.

To begin with， the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording， the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example， weather， whether， wither and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method， way， manner and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language-proficiency test.

Having found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning， Hennings results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory， and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.

5. Henning made the experiment in order to find ___ .

A. how to develop students ability to use English

B. how students learn English as a second language

C. how long information in short-term memory is kept

D. how English words are remembered by non-native speaks

6. What does the underlined word “proficiency” mean？

A. Skill. B. Degree.

C. Attention. D. Knowledge.

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE？

A. Long-term memory can be got only by training.

B. Henning gave a separate test on words to the subjects.

C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.

D. Information in short-term memory is different from that in a long-term memory.

8. Whats the passage mainly about？

A. English learning. B. Long-term memory.

C. Short-term memory. D. Language proficiency.

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

abandon declare drown invade last

occupy overlook rescue shock wound

1. The ____ enemies tore down the peoples houses by force.

2. Bad habits which will do you harm should be ____ .

3. Many families were ____ when the river burst its banks.

4. The sale was supposed to ____ for a week， but for all practical purposes its over.

5. Thousands of civilians have been killed or severely ____ in furious crossfire.

6. I was ____ when I heard about your accident.

7. We want a room which ____ the garden， not one facing the car park.

8. The child was ____ from the fire， but died soon after that for terrible burns.

下列各句每句有1个错误，请标出并改正在右边横线上。

1. He dived into the water and rescued the drowned boy.

____

2. The house gives no evidence of having been occupied with. ____

3. The hot weather lasted from the end of September in my country. ____

4. The wound left a scar that he will carry it with him to the grave. ____

1. 我们应该向我们的坏习惯开战。

2. 科学家们在计算机科学方面取得了重大突破。

3. 最终你所有的孩子将会离开家去过他们自己的生活。

4. 军队在风雪中登陆了英国海滩，他们又冷又饿。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Running may be good exercise. but it can be difficult on the body. Here are five commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to reduce the risk of injury for people from running.

Take it easy

1 Most people get running injuries when they push themselves too hard. The body needs time to get used to increases in distance or speed. Muscles and joints （关节） need time to recover.

Listen to your body

Most running injuries do not come out of the blue. 2

They include body aches， sore muscles and pain that does not go away.

Get good running shoes

There is no single best shoe for every runner. You should find the shoe that offers the best fit and support for your feet. More importantly， you should replace your shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers. 3

Take good notes

Take some time after each run to write down notes about what you did and how you felt.

Look for patterns， things that happen over and over again.

For example， you may find that your knees ache when you run on continuous. 4 These notes will help you identify the best workout for you.

Cross train

5 So physical fitness experts suggest some form of cross training to improve muscle balance and to help you stay injury free.

They say swimming， cycling， and yoga are good exercises to combine with running. These exercises are easier on the body.

A. Usually， there are warning signs.

B. Running also may help you live longer.

C. Do not run too much， too soon or too fast.

E. That will protect your feet from running injuries.

D. As we said earlier， running is hard on your body.

F. Adults need 75 minutes of vigorous exercise， like running.

G. But perhaps you feel great when you rest in between

running days.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

I cannot describe my excitement when I saw the famous general Arthur Scoresby covered with medals at a party given to honor him. However， there was a 1 look in the eyes of an old friend of mine who sat next to me. He leaned toward me and whispered， “ 2 ， he is a fool and yet a lucky dog.” This came as a 3 to me. Then he told me the whole story：

“Many years ago， I was an instructor in the military school at Woolwich when young Scoresby was given his first 4 . Everybody answered the questions well 5 he did not know anything. I felt sympathy and questioned him just what I thought he 6 . He got through the examination. I thought that what in the end would 7 him would be the mathematics examination. Well， try to imagine the 8 . By some strange yet 9 accident， he took first prize！ I never dreamed it would 10 such strange， laughable results.

Then the Crimean War broke out. He was appointed an officer. But 11 knew the secret. They saw his stupid mistakes as works of great 12 . And every mistake he made increased his glory and fame.

The battle grew hotter. The English army were steadily retreating （撤退） all over the field. Our regiment （团） 13 an extremely important position. One mistake now would bring total 14 . An order came for him to fall back and support our right. 15 ， he moved forward and went over the hill to the left. A large and 16 Russian army was waiting there！ The surprised Russians thought that no single regiment by itself would 17 there at such a time and that it must be the whole British army. They fled in wild 18 .

The British turned defeat into shining 19 . Scoresby became famous that day as a great military 20 honored throughout the world.”

1. A. worried B. greedy C. curious D. strange

2. A. Happily B. Fortunately C. Privately D. Gradually

3. A. shock B. glory C. comfort D. memory

4. A. invitation B. examination C. experiment D. operation

5. A. when B. while C. though D. because

6. A. looked B. knew C. did D. noticed

7. A. destroy B. convince C. motivate D. inspire

8. A. future B. situation C. reaction D. result

9. A. surprising B. regretful C. lucky D. natural

10. A. adapt to B. belong to C. refer to D. lead to

11. A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody

12. A. unselfishness B. intelligence C. importance D. honesty

13. A. occupied B. abandoned C. predicted D. took

14. A. revolution B. chance C. disaster D. pressure

15. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise

16. A. official B. confident C. ordinary D. unexpected

17. A. take over B. come around C. turn away D. stick to

18. A. wonder B. imagination C. disorder D. spirits

19. A. victory B. fight C. exercise D. judgment

20. A. athlete B. soldier C. lecturer D. leader

跟踪导练（二）

Some foods can make you sick if they are stored in conditions that are not cold enough to prevent the growth of harmful organisms. Freezing can keep some foods in good condition for months after the growing season. Yet foods can be damaged if they are kept too cold.

The British Development Group says the best time to prepare foods for storage is at harvest time while foods are still in the field.

Use a sharp knife and place the harvested items on a clean surface or directly into storage containers. Do not put them on the ground.

Use clean water to remove dirt， and keep the water clean. Usually it is better not to remove outer leaves from fruits and vegetables before storage. Without leaves， foods can become dry quickly.

Fruits and vegetables must cool from field heat before they are put into storage containers. Cooling them in water can spread funguses （霉菌） throughout the food. A better idea is to harvest foods either early or late in the day， and then leave them to cool naturally.

Some fruits and vegetables must be stored at zero to four degrees Celsius （摄氏度）. Some foods need to be stored at four to eight degrees Celsius， and some need to be stored above eight degrees Celsius for best results.

Wet fruits and vegetables so they do not become too dry. The best time to do this is before storage. Cover the items in plastic once they reach the right temperature for storage. Most fruits and vegetables need the relative humidity （湿度）. Finally， leave spaces between the food containers and the walls of the cold storage area so air can flow. Keep the spaces clean and try not to open the doors too often.

1. What is the function of the leaves of fruits and vegetables？

A. Helping keep them fresh.

B. Helping keep them clean.

C. Making them look more attractive.

D. Keeping them from harmful organisms.

2. Why is it better to harvest foods either early or late in the day？

A. Because foods are cleaner then.

B. Because foods have no field heat then.

C. Because foods then are wet enough to be stored.

D. Because foods become cool from field heat naturally and easily.

3. What can we infer from the text？

A. Wetting foods is the most important step.

B. Leaving spaces between containers is hard.

C. Fruits must be stored under zero degrees Celsius.

D. Choosing the right time to store foods is important.

4. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. Some tips for the storage of foods.

B. The research on some fruits and vegetables.

C. The benefits of storing foods in cold conditions.

D. The process of keeping foods in good condition.

When you are curious about something and want to know more about it， you can use the way of asking questions. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers. The steps below can guide you during the research.

Step 1

On a note card or piece of paper， write down the subject that you are interested in. Just get the main idea down. For example， you might write：

Discover more about dinosaurs.

Step 2

Next， stop and think for a moment about what you have already known about your subject. List what you have already known like the sentences below：

（1） Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.

（2） Dinosaurs lived on the earth more than 150 million years ago.

（3） Some dinosaurs fed on plants， some on meat.

Step 3

What can you do with what you want to learn？ By asking questions. On your paper， start writing down questions about dinosaurs as you think of them：

（1） Whats the best weather for dinosaurs to live in？

（2） How many kinds of dinosaurs were there on the earth？

（3） Have dinosaurs really disappeared？

Step 4

Armed with your list of questions， you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject， youll probably discover some new questions.

For example， you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Why？ What happened？ Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely.

The next time you find something interesting to research， take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember—learning more always brings more questions.

5. What steps should you follow when you do some research？

① discover new problems

② choose a research subject

③ list what you already know

④ list what you want to know

A. ①④③② B. ②③④①

C. ③②④① D. ④③①②

6. What does the underlined sentence mean？

A. Writing down your list of questions.

B. Taking your list of questions with you.

C. Putting your list of questions under your arm.

D. Discussing your questions with your classmates.

7. According to the passage， which of the following is TRUE？

A. You can find all the answers online.

B. Learn more， and youll have no questions.

C. Asking questions is the only way for research.

D. During the research， you may keep finding new questions.

8. Whats the best title of the passage？

A. Finding Subjects

B. Discovering Dinosaurs

C. Asking Good Questions

D. Having Interesting Answers

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

astonish baggage chain confidential courage

drop image memorable senseless view

1. The monkeys ____ the basket away as soon as they saw the children.

2. The bridge was supported by heavy iron ____ hanging from two towers.

3. In this manner a complete ____ is formed behind the mirror.

4. They all thought it would be ____ to continue any further.

5. ____ was the virtue his brother admired most.

6. Little did he know that this was going to be a very ____ shopping trip.

7. The youth gave me his hand when I was lifting my ____ .

8. This must be kept absolutely secret； this is strictly ____ .

下列各句每句有1个错误，请标出并改正在右边横线上。

1. He has done nothing to be ashamed. ____

2. Their sudden attack made us more aware about the danger

around us. ____

3. If the doctor had been available， the child would have saved. ____

4. Do tidy your papers away； your desk looks in terrible mess. ____

1. 她的父母做出了很大的牺牲，因此她才能获得良好的教育。

2. 我记得我第一次听到世界上最甜美的声音时，那感觉太美妙了。

3. 如果艾伦听我的劝告的话，就不会在工作上走上一条不归路了。

4. 如果飓风发生在白天，将会有更多的死亡。

Jenna， a popular girl from Westwood Middle School， had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 1 in high school.

2 ， high school was different. In the first week， Jenna went to tryouts （选拔赛） for cheerleaders （啦啦队队员）. She was competing against very talented girls， and she knew it would be 3 for her to be selected. Two hours later， the 4 read a list of the girls for a second tryout. Her heart 5 as the list ended without her name. Feeling 6 ， she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework.

Arriving home， she 7 with math. She had always been a good math student， but now she was 8 . She moved on to English and history， and was 9 to find that she didnt have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better， she decided not to 10 math for the time being.

The next day Jenna went to see Mrs Biden about being on the school 11 . Mrs Biden wasnt as enthusiastic as Jenna. “Im sorry， but we have enough 12 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and well talk then.” Jenna smiled 13 and left. “Why is high school so 14 ？” she sighed.

Later in 15 class， Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 16 . By the end of class， she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books， Jenna decided shed continue to try to 17 at her new school. She wasnt sure if shed 18 ， but she knew she had to try. High school was just as her mom had said， “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 19 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 20 fish you can be.”

1. A. processes B. decisions C. challenges D. exercises

2. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides

3. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. hopeful

4. A. editor B. boss C. applicant D. judge

5. A. jumped B. sank C. stopped D. beat

6. A. strange B. happy C. unhappy D. lonely

7. A. started B. went C. compared D. did

8. A. struggling B. improving C. working D. complaining

9. A. ashamed B. disappointed C. shocked D. pleased

10. A. put up B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up

11. A. committee B. newspaper C. radio D. team

12. A. speakers B. readers C. cheerleaders D. writers

13. A. widely B. weakly C. shockedly D. graciously

14. A. similar B. senseless C. different D. terrible

15. A. physics B. history C. English D. math

16. A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. sorrow

17. A. fit in B. look in C. stay in D. suit in

18. A. failed B. succeeded C. lost D. dropped

19. A. in return for B. in case of C. in terms of D. instead of

20. A. biggest B. smallest C. best D. smartest

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When very small dinosaur bones were found in a Germany mine， people thought they were from baby dinosaurs. 1

Martin Sanders work shows that they were probably fully 2

（grow） and belong to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever found.

Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar 3 growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. They get closer as growth slows. “It is

4 （exact） these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil bones，” says Sander. So the fossils must have been from adult 5 （animal）.

Why was this German dinosaur so much 6 （small） than other giant dinosaurs， which grew up to 45 metres long and 7 （weigh） as much as a thousand humans？

150 million years ago， most of Germany was underwater. Scientists think that as water levels rose， there was less and less land and food available. The dinosaur 8 （force） to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food.

Since 1998， scientists 9 （dig） up more than 1，000 dinosaur fossils in the mine. It is one of the few places in the world 10 the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（三）

Short and shy， Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football， tennis—anything with a round ball， I was useless，” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the object of jokes in school gym classes in Englands rural Devonshire.

It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first the teen went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to cycle along with a runner friend. Gradually， Saunders set his mind building up his body， increasing his speed， strength and endurance （忍耐力）. At the age of 18， he ran his first marathon.

The following year， he met John Ridgway， who became famous in the 1960s for rowing an open boat across the Atlantic Ocean. Saunders was hired as an instructor at Ridgways School of Adventure in Scotland， where he learned about the older mans cold-water exploits. Intrigued， Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions （远征）， then decided that this would be his future.

Journeys to the Pole arent the usual holidays for British country boys， and many people considered his dream as fantasy. “John Ridgway was one of the few who didnt say， ‘You are completely crazy，” Saunders said.

In 2001， after becoming a skilled skier， Saunders started his first long-distance expedition toward the North Pole. He suffered from frostbite （冻伤）， had a closer encounter with a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit.

Saunders has since then become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole， and hes skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other British. His old playmates would not believe his change.

This October， Saunders， 27， heads south to explore from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back， an 1800-mile journey that has never been completed on skis.

1. The turning point in Saunders life came when ___

A. he started to play ball games

B. he got a mountain bike at the age of 15

C. he started to receive Ridgways training

D. he ran his first marathon at the age of 18

2. What do we know about Saunders？

A. He once worked at a school in Scotland.

B. He followed Ridgway to explore the North Pole.

C. He was chosen for the school sports team as a kid.

D. He was the first British to ski alone to the North Pole.

3. What does the underlined word “Intrigued” probably mean？

A. Excited. B. Attracted.

C. Delighted. D. Convinced.

4. It can be inferred that Saunders journey to the North Pole ___ .

A. made him well-known in the 1960s

B. was accompanied by his old playmates

C. was supported by other Arctic explorers

D. set a record in the North Pole expedition

Why do people buy art？ To answer this question， ask yourself what your reasons are for thinking of getting a piece of art. An artwork can cost a large amount of money， but if it meets your needs， its worth every penny.

People buy art for many reasons. Many people buy an artwork simply because they like it， even if it is by an unknown artist. Art， as long as you enjoy it， is never a waste of money.

Art is for enjoyment. Art is meant to be shown. Dont ever feel pressured into buying something you wont enjoy looking at day after day， no matter what other people may say. Dont buy something that doesnt attract you just because it is trendy， or because the artist is famous， or because you have been advised that the artwork will make a good investment. If you dont like the artwork at all， dont buy it！

Art improves your environment. Have you ever noticed that all beautiful homes have art as an integral （必需的） part of the decoration？ Art lends life and color to otherwise simple and ordinary walls. A well thought-out art collection will help create a unique atmosphere in your home and make it more attractive.

Art makes a statement. The kind of art you surround yourself with says much about your personality， tastes and values. Art truly is a mirror of the soul.

Art enriches your life. Love—even the love of a work of art—contributes to healthier living and a longer lifespan （寿命）. Art should enrich your life. Otherwise， why do you spend precious time and resources on it？

Just remember to select something which will appeal to your tastes， and keep to a sensible budget （预算）. Good art neednt cost an arm or a leg.

Happy art collecting！

5. According to the author， what should you consider when buying a piece of art？

A. Whether it brings pleasure to you.

B. Whether it is fashionable at present.

C. Whether it is created by a famous artist.

D. Whether you can profit from it in the end.

6. Talking about buying an artwork， the write thinks it should be____ .

A. valuable B. beautiful

C. unique D. practical

7. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean？

A. Art is an expression of yourself.

B. Art can show what you look like.

C. A mirror can be a piece of true art.

D. A mirror has a feature similar to art.

8. Whats the purpose of the passage？

A. To explain the benefit of art to people.

B. To teach us how to choose works of art.

C. To advise us to buy an expensive artwork.

D. To remind us to be sensible when buying an artwork.

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

constitution encourage mess quote retreat

shave strategy surrender unload yell

1. When I was graduating from college， my generation also found the world in a ____ .

2. There were many raised eyebrows when he ____ all his hair off.

3. The pressure on emotion is hard to ____ .

4. He drew back slowly， ____ step by step.

5. The singer felt ____ by the many letters of support.

6. After six hours on the roof， the gunman ____ to the police.

7. It would be better to use ____ than to attack by force.

8. The teacher ____ his students many examples on the blackboard.

下列各句每句有1个错误，请标出并改正在右边横线上。

1. I tried to warn him the danger， but he was determined to get his own way. ____

2. He often suffers in allergies due to foods that do not agree with him. ____

3. He took his courages in both hands in the face of danger.

____

4. If you are in the State Department， wed be at war. ____

1. 每次感到失望时，老师总是鼓励我不要放弃。

2. 他站起身来作了一个简短的演讲。

3. 我俩唯一的共同点是我们都去过法国。

4. 我考试通过了，所以刻苦努力还是值得的。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Using Social Media Positively

Social media is so common in our society that almost everyone is connected to some form of it， whether it is Weibo， Wechat or QQ. We are in a fast-paced， technologically evolving society and we are addicted to social media. 1

So how does one ensure a positive online reputation？ Its simple：

Keep it clean. 2 Party photos with alcohol are an absolute no-no. Would you want to have your boss see these photos？ Make sure to post contents that you feel positively reflect you， your creativity and your skills.

3 You have a private Weibo account so you can post anything you want？ This is decidedly not the case. Privacy settings make it harder to see your full account， but its not impossible. Under no circumstance should you rely on privacy settings as a way to protect inappropriate contents.

4 Keep it classy （优等的）！ Discover your brand， or what you want people to think of you. Proper spelling and grammar is always a plus， but it may not be your brand. Think about what you want people to think of you and go with it.

Follow these simple rules and youre on your way to building an online reputation. Using social media positively doesnt mean you cant have fun and use it to express yourself； however， you want to ensure that youre OK with anyone seeing everything you post. 5

Like it or not， your social networks reflect you—make sure you look like the shining star that you truly are.

A. Dont trust privacy settings.

B. Ensure youre professional.

C. Social media is common now.

D. In fact， we long for social media.

E. Make sure your post is written personally.

F. Be entirely sure about what youre posting.

G. Once you click post， theres no looking back.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

There were once a goat and a donkey （驴）， which lived on a farm. The donkey worked the hardest so the farmer fed it the 1 （much） food. Sometimes the donkey 2 （give） more food than it could eat. This made the goat so jealous 3 it began plotting against （谋划对付） the donkey. “Hey， donkey，” the goat said one day. “I think you do too much 4 （work） on this farm. You carry such heavy things from morning to night. Why dont you pretend 5 （get） sick so you can take a day 6 ？ The donkey thought the goat had a great idea. So the next morning， the donkey lay in the stable （畜栏） on its side with its eyes 7 （close）. Right away， the farmer called the doctor. 8 looking at the donkey， the doctor said it needed a special medicine 9 （make） from the heart of a goat. So the farmer killed the goat and gave the donkey medicine made from 10 （it） heart.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（四）

It seems that great artists and scientists often suffer from mental problems. Both Einstein and Dickens had mental illness. Now scientists have started to look at whether mental illness and genius are linked.

Dr Adele Juda studied 5，000 creative people in Germany. She found there were more people with mental illness in this group than in the general population. Poets had the highest rate of mental illness， followed by musicians， with lower numbers for painters and architects.

Other scientists did research which also showed a strong link between mental problems and creativity. But， it did nothing to explain it.

Dr Ruth Richards of Harvard University made a break-through. Instead of studying creative people， she took a group of psychiatric （精神病的） patients and tested them for creativity. The patients got much higher scores than a normal group. Also， the patients close relatives were much more creative than the patients and a normal group. This suggests that the key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes. But this is a problem. According to Darwinism， harmful genes should be removed. Some scientists believe that evolution has created a balance， where the madness of a few people leads to the development of the whole human race.

Geniuses may be mad， bad or just difficult to understand， but their discoveries have improved the world we live in. It seems that a little creative madness is good for us all.

1. According to Dr Adele Juda， who have the lowest rate of mental illness？

A. Poets. B. Painters.

C. Musicians. D. Bus drivers.

2. What can we conclude from the research of Dr Ruth Richards？

A. Poets had the highest rate of mental illness.

B. Great artists often suffer from mental problems.

C. Psychiatric patients have more creativity than the average people.

D. It is our genes that determine the link between creativity and mental illness.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE？

A. Geniuses may be easy to understand.

B. There is a weak link between mental problems and creativity.

C. The key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes.

D. Psychiatric patients make greater contributions than common people.

4. What is the writers attitude toward madness？

A. All the talented people are mad.

B. Madness is harmful to the whole society.

C. A little creative madness is good for us all.

D. Only the people with mental illness have more creativity.

The temperature of your body should always be the same if you are fine， no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor tests your temperature with a thermometer （体温表） when you are sick. Normally， your body temperature is ninety-eight point six degrees Fahrenheit （华氏的）. If it is higher than that， it is a sure sign that something is wrong with your body.

Your body keeps the same temperature all the time， because it balances the heat it produces and gives off. It is always burning up food and producing heat. It can produce heat faster when the body needs or give off heat faster when the body becomes too warm. Lets see how this works.

The heat of your body is given off mainly through the skin. When you feel cold， your skin is tight and shows “goose flesh”. When you feel cold， you must jump around to keep warm. Then your muscles begin to work， burn up fuel and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver （颤抖）， so you usually prefer warming up by taking exercise， or putting on more clothes to keep warm.

When you get warm， the skin is soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm， you begin to sweat （出汗） and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture （蒸发水分） in your body. In warm weather or warm rooms， you wear less clothing so that heat can be given off freely. You prefer less exercise because your body is warm enough， and the extra heat produced by taking too much exercise makes you uncomfortable.

Now you see why you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer， when it is hot， you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play， but enjoy lying down and doing nothing. When you get out of door in winter， the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to run and play.

5. How does the body keep the same temperature all the time？

A. It balances the heat it gets and loses.

B. It is always producing heat from food.

C. It stops producing heat when it needs to.

D. It gives off the heat that the body produces.

6. A person sweats in order to ___ .

A. make the skin soft

B. give off heat quickly

C. evaporate the moisture

D. get the blood to move faster

7. From this passage we know that we feel differently in different kinds of weather because ___ .

A. we have different emotions in different kinds of weather

B. the body temperature is always changing in different kinds of weather

C. we feel tired and lazy in summer and lively in winter when we are outside in cold air

D. our bodies deal with different kinds of weather in different ways to keep the same temperature

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

afterwards arm despite disagree eventually

liberate personnel toil vengeful worthwhile

1. Bob Beamons longstanding record for the long jump was ____ broken.

2. ____ ， he became the first Westerner to open a martial arts school in Japan.

3. At the beginning of ____ ， the factory was in an awful mess.

4. The teacher introduced some really ____ novels to his students.

5. An ____ battle is likely to break out between the two countries.

6. His ____ with his family was well known.

7. Training courses are provided for all company ____ .

8. ____ the fact that she is short， she is an excellent basketball player.

下列各句每句有1个错误，请标出并改正在右边横线上。

1. It refers to a disagreement with young people and their parents. ____

2. The history shows that we know how to keep peace， to keep it without surrender. ____

3. Generally， those closely involving cannot see as clearly as those outside. ____

4. Despite my education and experience， but I couldnt get a job. ____

1. 尽管病得很重，他还是来参加了会议。

2. 你记得曾经和他到日本旅行过吗？

3. 她鼓励学生们在学习中互相帮助。

4. 他是位警察，他的职责就是维护当地的治安。

When my son was 11 years old， he got a small job helping out with a traveling carnival in our town. He didnt come home at lunch time， phoning 1 to tell me he was fine and had found a few days work 2 out at an exhibit. However， after he finished work he 3 for supper as usual.

I asked him how he had 4 at lunch and he told me he had made some new 5 at the carnival， some young men who were twin brothers， and their mom and dad. They had 6

him a few dollars and invited him for lunch 7 for helping them set up their exhibit and wanted him to 8 the next day to help with other chores （杂务）.

I was glad he had found new friends but a little 9 about the type of people who might be traveling in a carnival. “Oh， Mom， they are just 10 everyday people like anyone else. They 11 work at a carnival instead of in a store or something”. “Come down tomorrow and 12 them yourself，” he said.

So the next day I went to the carnival and to the exhibit he had 13 me to. The twin brothers 14 out to be Siamese （连体的） twins， joined at the chest. He hadnt thought this 15

was noteworthy enough to mention. When I brought it to him， he said， “yes， I 16 that， too. Do you know that their mom has to make all their clothes 17 its so difficult to find anything to fit them？ Theyre also really good 18 . Today， Joe， the one on the right， made me spaghetti （意大利面） for lunch.”

What others see first in a person is not what a child considers 19 . Where I saw Siamese twins， he saw people having difficulty buying clothes that fit， and young men who were good cooks. It was a 20 I have thought about many times over the years.

1. A. instead B. even C. also D. besides

2. A. leaving B. helping C. taking D. showing

3. A. did up B. gave up C. took up D. turned up

4. A. sought B. managed C. worked D. acted

5. A. clothes B. friends C. choices D. differences

6. A. paid B. charged C. lent D. owed

7. A. in advance B. in return C. by turns D. by chance

8. A. return B. promise C. consider D. decide

9. A. excited B. regretful C. worried D. optimistic

10. A. humorous B. obvious C. particular D. normal

11. A. just B. never C. hardly D. always

12. A. teach B. meet C. affect D. join