苦丁茶不同产地及采收部位抗菌活性成分研究*
2016-05-09黄敏桃,吴尤娇,蔡鹃等
苦丁茶不同产地及采收部位抗菌活性成分研究*
0引言
【研究意义】近年来,由于具有极佳的药用功效和较高的饮用价值,苦丁茶成为仅次于茶叶在我国广泛应用的代茶饮品。《中华本草》上记载,苦丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng)属于正品苦丁茶的一种。【前人研究进展】苦丁茶因含有多糖类、三萜类、黄酮类、皂苷类等多种成分而被广泛应用[1]。研究表明[2-8],苦丁茶水提液能够促进脑循环、调整脑血管功能,具有降血压、降血脂以及抗炎抗菌等作用,并在临床上得到验证。【本研究切入点】以不同产地及加工与未加工的苦丁茶叶子为研究对象,对其进行体外抑菌试验,并与所含主要活性成分黄酮类、三萜类等含量相比较,建立相关性模型。【拟解决的关键问题】优选出最佳采摘时期与采摘部位,为苦丁茶商品工业化采摘提供参考。
1材料与方法
1.1样品
槲皮素(批号:100081-200406),山奈素(批号:110861-200405),熊果酸(批号:110742-200518),齐墩果酸(批号:110709-200505)均购于中国药品生物制品检定所。
大肠杆菌(ATCC44102),金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC26003),绿脓杆菌(ATCC27583)购自美国模式培养物集存库(American Type Culture Collection)。
不同产地样品:2011年7月至2012年8月采摘自不同产地的各种栽培及野生苦丁茶见表1,经鉴定为冬青科冬青属苦丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng),采回后晾干,粉碎,备用。
表1不同产地的苦丁茶样品
Table 1Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng samples from different localities
No.产地Locality采集时间Time备注RemarksNo.产地Locality采集时间Time备注Remarks1广西天等县都康乡Dukangvillage,Tiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110712栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves9广西上林县寨鹿村Zailuvillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves2广西天等天茗茶厂TeafactoryofTiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon10广西大新苦丁村1Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon3广西天等县仕民村Shiminvillage,Tiandengcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120328栽培,嫩芽Cultivation,burgeon11广西大新苦丁村2Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20110713栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves4广西武鸣罗波镇1Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120329栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves12广西大新苦丁村3Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20120329栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves5广西武鸣罗波镇2Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves13广西大新苦丁村4Kudingvillage,Daxincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves6广西武鸣罗波镇3Luobovillage,Wumingcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111221野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves14广西马山古零镇1Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves7广西上林县北梁村Beiliangvillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves15广西马山古零镇2Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves8广西上林县排岜村Paiyivillage,Shanglincountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves16广西马山古零镇Gulingvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111222商品,嫩芽Merchandise,bur-geon
续表1
Continue table 1
No.产地Locality采集时间Time备注RemarksNo.产地Locality采集时间Time备注Remarks17广西马山里民村Liminvillage,Mashancountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111223野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves33广东梅州大麻镇5Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves18广西崇左龙州县1Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves34广东梅州大麻镇Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210商品,嫩芽Merchandise,bur-geon19广西崇左龙州县2Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves35广东梅州市银江镇Yinjiangvillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves20广西崇左龙州县3Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves36广东清远市石谭镇1Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves21广西崇左龙州县4Longzhouvillage,Chong-zuocountry,Guangxiprovince20120313栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves37广东清远市石谭镇2Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves22广西宾阳县平安村Ping’anvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111223野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves38广东清远市石谭镇Shitanvillage,Qingyuancountry,Guangdongprovince20120211栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves23广西宾阳县贵龙村Guilongvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves39海南五指山水满乡Shuimanvillage,Wuzhis-hancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves24广西宾阳县贵龙村2Guilongvillage,Binyangcountry,Guangxiprov-ince20111224野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves40海南五指山畅好乡1Changhaovillage,Wuzh-ishancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves25广东英德市新联村1Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves41海南五指山畅好乡2Changhaovillage,Wuzh-ishancountry,Hainanprovince20120826栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves26广东英德市新联村2Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves42海南保亭茶厂医院Teafactoryhospital,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves27广东英德市新联村3Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves43海南保亭县番奋村1Fanyuvillage,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves28广东英德市新联村4Xinlianvillage,Yingdecountry,Guangdongprovince20120212栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves44海南保亭县番奋村2Fanyuvillage,Baotingcountry,Hainanprovince20120825栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves29广东梅州大麻镇1Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves45海南海口阜龙乡Bulongvillage,Haikoucountry,Hainanprovince20120827野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves30广东梅州大麻镇2Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves46海南海口打安乡Da’anvillage,Haikoucountry,Hainanprovince20120827野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves31广东梅州大麻镇3Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves47海南海口青松乡1Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves32广东梅州大麻镇4Damavillage,Meizhoucountry,Guangdongprovince20120210栽培,成熟叶Cultivation,oldleaves48海南海口青松乡2Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves49海南海口青松乡3Qingshongvillage,Haik-oucountry,Hainanprov-ince20120827野生,成熟叶Wild,oldleaves
注:嫩芽为新长出的叶子,成熟叶为嫩叶之外的叶子
Note:Bud’s new leaf,old leaves are all leaves except for the bud
1.2试剂
浓硫酸(廉江市爱廉化试剂有限公司),分析纯;苯酚(天津市凯通化学试剂有限公司),分析纯;葡萄糖(国药集团化学试剂有限公司),分析纯;超纯水(本实验室自制);甲醇(Fisher公司),色谱纯;乙腈(Fisher公司),色谱纯;MH琼脂培养基(广东环凯公司);MH肉汤(广东环凯公司);营养肉汤(广东环凯公司);磷酸(天津科密欧化学试剂),色谱纯。
1.3仪器
BS224S型电子天平(北京赛多利斯仪器系统有限公司);戴安U3000高效液相仪(包括四元泵、自动进样器、紫外可见检测器、柱温箱、变色龙工作站);Agilent HC-C18(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)柱;HH-8型数显恒温水浴锅(国华电器有限公司);TU-1901型双光束紫外可见分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司);OKP-S010型实验室超纯水仪(上海涞科实业发展有限公司);RE-52AA型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);SHB-B型循环水式真空泵(郑州长城科工贸有限公司)。
1.4方法
1.4.1苦丁茶水提物的提取
参照文献[9],称取苦丁茶粉末各5 g,加入300 mL超纯水,在98℃下回流提取2.15 h,重复提取3次,趁热过滤,合并滤液浓缩,水定容至10 mL容量瓶中,4℃下保存备用。
1.4.2体外抑菌试验
参照文献[10],采用杯碟法测定苦丁茶水提物对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、金黄色葡萄球菌Stophylococcus aureus及绿脓杆菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa的抑菌活性,每份平行3个牛津杯,得到其抑菌圈,结果取平均值。
1.4.35种活性成分的测定
1.4.3.1HPLC法测定槲皮素和山萘酚含量
进样前处理:将甲醇-苦丁茶水提物(0.6∶0.4,V∶V)超声萃取1 h,离心除去沉淀;加入0.25 mL 25% HCl(V∶V)溶液后80℃水浴酸化1 h,离心除去沉淀,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,备用。含量测定采用Agilent HC-C18,以甲醇-0.03%磷酸溶液(70∶30,V∶V)为流动相,检测波长370 nm,流速0.6 mL/min,柱温35℃,进样量10 μL。
1.4.3.2HPLC法测定熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量
进样前处理:将甲醇-苦丁茶水提物(0.7∶0.3,V∶V)超声萃取1 h,离心除去沉淀,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,备用。含量测定采用Agilent HC-C18柱,以甲醇-0.03%磷酸溶液(90∶10,V∶V)为流动相,检测波长220 nm,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温35℃,进样量10 μL。
1.4.3.3苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量
采用文献[11]的方法,将苦丁茶水提物稀释至一定的倍数,利用水提物中的多糖与硫酸、苯酚的显色反应,采用双光束紫外可见分光光度计检测其吸光度,代入葡萄糖标准曲线中,换算出多糖含量。
1.4.4线性考察
1.4.4.1槲皮素和山萘酚的线性考察
精密称取槲皮素3.25 mg,甲醇定容至100 mL容量瓶中;山萘酚4.7 mg,甲醇定容至10 mL容量瓶中;然后分别吸取适量溶液,甲醇定容至10 mL,得到浓度依次为0.401 μg/mL、1.204 μg/mL、3.611 μg/mL、10.833 μg/mL、32.5 μg/mL(槲皮素);0.02937 mg/mL、0.05875 mg/mL、0.1175 mg/mL、0.235 mg/mL、0.47 mg/mL(山萘酚)的样品。0.22 μm滤膜过滤后进样,得到相应的标准曲线,根据标准曲线算出样品中槲皮素和山萘酚的浓度。
1.4.4.2熊果酸和齐墩果酸的线性考察
精密称取熊果酸3.69 mg、齐墩果酸4.5 mg,甲醇分别定容至100 mL容量瓶中;然后分别吸取适量溶液,甲醇定容至10 mL,得到浓度依次为0.452 μg/mL、1.367 μg/mL、4.1 μg/mL、12.3 μg/mL、36.9 μg/mL(熊果酸);0.557 μg/mL、1.67 μg/mL、5 μg/mL、15 μg/mL、45 μg/mL(齐墩果酸)的样品。0.22 μm滤膜过滤后进样,得到相应的标准曲线,根据标准曲线算出样品中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的浓度。
1.4.4.3多糖的线性考察
精密称取无水葡萄糖20.03 mg,蒸馏水定容至100 mL,再精密吸取10.00 mL定容至50 mL容量瓶中,得到40.06 μg/mL的葡萄糖标准溶液。吸取0.4 mL,0.6 mL,0.8 mL,1.0 mL,1.2 mL,1.4 mL,1.6 mL,1.8 mL于试管中,并用水补足至2.0 mL,分别加入1 mL 6%苯酚溶液及5.0 mL浓硫酸,待各管加完后摇匀,室温静置30 min,482 nm测吸光度,再精密吸取2.0 mL蒸馏水,同法操作,作空白对照。以吸光度为纵坐标(y),葡萄糖浓度为横坐标(x),绘制标准曲线,根据标准曲线换算出样品中多糖的浓度。
1.4.5活性成分的含量计算
浓度换算公式如下:
式中,C:样品中各成分的含量,μg/g;C1:已稀释样品中各成分浓度,μg/mL;N:样品稀释倍数;C2:样品生药浓度,g/mL。
2结果与分析
2.1苦丁茶水提物体外抑菌效果
如表2所示,不同产地总体抗菌强弱为广西>广东>海南;所研究地区的苦丁茶对金黄色葡萄球菌作用最强,大肠杆菌最弱;广西产地中属大新县样品抗菌效果最好,其次为马山、崇左;广东产地中,清远市样品比其他采集点抗菌活性相对较强;海南产地抗菌活性均很弱。可能原因是海南气温相对较高,活性成分消耗过多,而广西、广东气候温和,适宜苦丁茶合成有效成分。加工品与未加工品抗菌活性比较中,同一来源的14号、15号、16号进行对比,16号的加工品抗菌活性明显比未加工的药材高出一倍;来自广东梅州的34号商品与29,30号未加工品比较,加工品抗菌活性较强。商品是采摘嫩芽并经过一定的工艺加工而成的,抗菌结果表明,传统加工商品茶叶抗菌活性最强,具有一定的传承意义。
2.2苦丁茶水提物的活性成分含量
槲皮素和山萘酚的回归方程分别为Y=0.4776X+1.410,R2=0.9996;Y=0.9249X+851.9,R2=0.9992;熊果酸和齐墩果酸的回归方程分别为Y=0.0167X+0.071,R2=0.9994;Y=0.0926X+0.0585,R2=0.9995;多糖回归方程为Y=0.01363X+0.01398,R2=0.9979,将所测得的含量换算成质量分数,结果如表3。
表2不同产地苦丁茶水提物对3种菌株的抑菌圈直径
Table 2The diameter of the inhibition zone of samples from diffenent localities
No.抑菌圈直径Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosaNo.抑菌圈直径Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosa113.23±1.1232.15±1.7011.41±1.632511.02±1.8028.99±1.7614.29±1.22212.62±2.3425.22±2.357.20±1.752614.23±1.6631.16±1.4415.20±2.54319.30±2.4745.28±1.7531.03±2.692722.90±2.1038.21±1.7223.68±1.46414.69±3.2939.71±1.0123.71±1.202810.00±1.7821.12±2.146.00±1.49514.46±2.0636.50±1.1922.32±2.862910.36±3.7229.41±0.8614.39±1.24613.85±1.4633.21±2.0819.91±0.433012.44±2.2330.46±0.2113.22±2.30712.32±1.2826.75±3.047.38±1.993119.41±2.7532.71±1.3111.10±2.47813.70±1.0325.29±1.1413.73±2.383215.19±1.3532.50±1.0116.28±1.80917.22±1.4030.27±1.2611.40±1.663316.86±2.0327.87±1.587.18±1.461023.80±1.8729.88±2.9716.73±2.613428.07±2.0745.90±0.9926.17±1.551122.62±2.3023.72±1.4612.95±4.543521.70±3.6833.79±2.3120.02±1.721224.27±1.1343.86±1.4125.95±1.173627.86±1.4142.50±2.3421.85±2.62138.01±1.7922.75±2.160.00±0.003714.26±2.8334.53±2.8915.51±1.771413.23±1.5927.76±1.3716.02±1.283817.47±2.1036.12±2.3316.55±1.431517.06±2.1733.05±0.5216.67±3.253910.40±1.8032.62±2.5118.92±1.351625.16±1.6641.07±2.0424.81±2.114016.23±1.8734.80±1.9620.67±1.301722.24±1.9931.22±2.8311.76±1.484115.48±1.7528.57±1.6123.54±1.881811.58±1.4722.79±2.008.01±1.62427.80±2.4432.39±3.2517.90±1.491917.06±2.1134.99±1.1717.55±1.904311.50±2.1439.25±1.7617.31±1.412013.39±2.2630.68±3.5513.60±1.124412.82±2.7231.04±2.7821.41±1.912120.08±1.3536.64±3.0324.65±1.62459.36±2.2516.87±2.430.00±0.002214.06±2.4727.09±2.2615.82±2.09460.00±0.0033.68±2.3623.09±1.762317.10±2.6233.85±1.3114.70±1.254716.08±2.2632.13±2.1616.08±1.472411.31±1.4825.06±2.4214.31±3.794814.41±1.2032.23±0.6716.56±1.384914.19±1.6122.12±2.746.00±0.00
注:表中产地与表1产地相对应
Note:The localities correspond to table 1
表3不同产地苦丁茶水提物的5种活性成分含量
Table 3The content of five active ingredients in different localities
No.槲皮素Quertetin(μg/g)山萘酚Kaempferol(μg/g)熊果酸Ursolicacid(μg/g)齐墩果酸Oleanolicacid(μg/g)多糖Polysaccharides(mg/g)1456.56±5.271637.19±11.6173.67±5.211.50±0.1150.94±6.782191.88±1.54982.18±9.89188.33±6.528.33±0.6961.33±9.523282.19±0.52563.75±7.6617.33±2.540.081±0.0093.62±3.414528.44±1.082117.18±22.70184.33±8.922.43±0.1747.93±5.23
续表3
Continue table 3
No.槲皮素Quertetin(μg/g)山萘酚Kaempferol(μg/g)熊果酸Ursolicacid(μg/g)齐墩果酸Oleanolicacid(μg/g)多糖Polysaccharides(mg/g)551.25±3.47400.00±20.6384.67±5.530.069±0.0061.55±4.99615.00±1.08162.81±14.2380.33±7.390.050±0.0047.01±5.53765.31±4.78462.19±15.62163.00±14.040.212±0.0145.02±8.92891.56±2.73248.13±7.78162.67±10.180.18±0.0360.28±7.78937.81±4.50283.75±1.92386.00±10.1678.00±8.4954.61±8.0510325.31±5.12520.63±14.85297.33±9.8257.67±7.1786.49±1.8411115.00±4.37311.88±4.47468.00±13.1178.33±5.9699.60±2.7512956.25±10.302285.00±10.89287.00±17.4928.33±1.4179.22±10.111316.88±2.68169.69±4.00272.33±9.7527.67±2.3463.79±8.451435.31±1.3572.81±4.32139.00±8.8671.33±4.5553.65±12.111591.88±0.49361.25±6.27174.00±13.350.27±0.0657.66±4.98161366.25±5.17250.63±6.08291.67±11.7458.00±9.36132.80±2.941754.69±0.90174.69±10.24213.33±21.4218.33±1.9853.70±4.541825.94±2.57328.13±5.56150.00±6.035.00±0.3753.94±10.011913.75±1.73177.50±4.2435.67±5.190.061±0.0045.67±5.68206.56±0.1975.31±1.39201.00±18.194.33±0.1949.46±3.95218.75±2.01253.13±5.1753.00±8.240.12±0.0054.27±4.492230.00±3.00113.75±5.96111.67±11.890.16±0.00168.13±8.642318.44±1.18183.13±2.12125.00±7.930.18±0.00351.58±9.422437.19±3.23268.44±1.80451.67±12.7374.67±7.8875.81±6.2325408.44±5.151683.44±12.40105.33±13.730.112±0.00155.44±7.1326134.38±2.27745.31±1.71215.33±16.782.53±0.0939.23±6.10271103.75±4.063931.87±7.11178.67±12.520.23±0.0263.12±5.222878.75±7.39206.88±5.65121.67±6.450.26±0.0655.78±10.6429164.69±4.19709.69±5.42606.33±20.1692.33±10.0359.73±8.933070.94±2.60258.44±10.95606.00±18.82113.67±9.5238.35±2.783128.44±1.54705.94±8.66396.33±16.3142.67±4.5048.67±5.6632126.88±13.07713.75±21.67263.33±3.9913.33±2.7661.62±10.3433130.93±4.01780.63±11.98457.67±10.9555.67±6.6622.30±11.0434959.06±4.33313.13±7.141363.67±15.64444.33±13.21110.91±3.2235483.13±6.591276.56±5.34246.33±9.3723.67±2.2444.99±8.4336575.94±13.893200.63±15.80420.00±14.2236.33±3.4268.49±8.53372.50±0.1184.69±1.55112.33±5.740.15±0.0150.53±4.693848.13±1.02294.06±2.04226.00±10.048.67±1.0952.27±13.043994.06±1.12490.00±9.90191.33±6.395.67±0.7545.26±8.054031.56±2.52143.44±9.32334.67±10.2927.00±2.6749.36±6.94416.56±0.5593.43±7.37328.00±14.2332.33±6.8744.78±8.854283.75±1.64348.12±12.35365.00±9.8435.00±1.0566.17±9.514328.75±0.61108.13±3.88474.00±13.36100.00±11.5146.62±10.654420.00±1.21170.00±2.08521.33±15.7192.33±7.4260.52±12.07450.281±0.08158.75±2.7386.00±8.170.67±0.0528.64±9.07460.281±0.0811.25±0.2162.33±7.390.119±0.0225.87±4.524715.31±2.9157.81±0.75445.33±13.5562.00±5.8353.94±8.63485.94±3.1236.56±1.1087.33±7.680.132±0.00151.51±6.99495.63±1.1988.75±1.63199.00±8.590.247±0.0121.29±5.75
从表3中看出,不同的采摘时间,其成分含量均不相同,以广西天等为例,3月份样品中多糖和槲皮素的含量较高,而7月份样品中熊果酸与齐墩果酸的含量较高。从整体地域来分类,广西样品的多糖含量大于广东产地与海南产地;其他成分含量则是广东样品较高。同一产地的不同采集点也不相同,在广西产地中,大新采集点的多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量均比其他采集点高。不同部位中,商品的多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸的含量远远大于未加工的嫩叶及成熟叶,说明加工后的嫩芽商品具有更高的药用价值。
2.3抗菌活性与有效成分的相关性分析
采用SPSS17.0软件将不同产地苦丁茶样品对3种细菌的抗菌活性与多糖、槲皮素、山萘酚、熊果酸及齐墩果酸进行双变量相关分析,结果见表4。
表4不同产地苦丁茶活性成分含量与其抑菌作用的相关性
Table 4The correlation between the content of five active ingredients and bacteriostatic effect in different localities
活性成分Activeingredient抑菌圈直径Diameter(mm)E.coliS.aureusP.aeruginosa多糖(Polysaccharides)0.857++0.688++0.847++槲皮素(Quertetin)0.653++0.897++0.633++山萘酚(Kaempferol)0.0890.3240.075熊果酸(Ursolicacid)0.899++0.967++0.858++齐墩果酸(Oleanolicacid)0.664++0.922++0.629++
注:++,在0.01水平上显著相关
Note:++,Significant at the 0.01 level
结果显示,多糖、槲皮素、熊果酸和齐墩果酸对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌均呈显著性相关,山萘酚抗菌活性不显著。其中,对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性强弱顺序为熊果酸>多糖>齐墩果酸>槲皮素;对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌强弱为熊果酸>齐墩果酸>槲皮素>多糖>山萘酚;对绿脓杆菌抑菌强弱为熊果酸>多糖>槲皮素>齐墩果酸。槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸和齐墩果酸是苦丁茶的活性成分,并对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌具有一定的抑菌作用
3结论
由于气候、地域、采摘部位、是否加工等原因,不同苦丁茶样品的抗菌药效与活性成分含量均有一定的差异。槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸和齐墩果酸是苦丁茶的活性成分,并对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌具有一定的抑菌作用,与文献[12-14]中单个成分抑菌结果相一致。
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(责任编辑:米慧芝)
Antimicrobial Activity and Ingredients of Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng Collected from Different Localities and Parts
黄敏桃1,2,吴尤娇2,蔡鹃3,黄云峰4,赖茂祥4,黄庶识2**,刘华钢5**
HUANG Mintao1,2,WU Youjiao2,CAI Juan3,HUANG Yunfeng4,LAI Maoxiang4,HUANG Shushi2,LIU Huagang5
(1.广西生态工程职业技术学院,广西柳州545004;2.广西科学院生物物理实验室,广西南宁530007;3.江西省赣州卫生学校,江西赣州341000;4.广西中医药研究院,广西南宁530022;5.广西医科大学,广西南宁530021)
(1.Guangxi Eco-engineering Vocational and Technical College,Liuzhou,Guangxi,545004,China;2.Lab of Biophysics,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;3.Health School of Ganzhou in Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou,Jiangxi,341000,China;4.Guangxi institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China;5.Guangxi Medical University,Nanning,Guangxi,530021,China)
摘要:【目的】研究不同产地及采收部位的苦丁茶抗菌活性及其与5种活性成分之间的相关性,为苦丁茶商品化采摘提供参考。【方法】选用不同产地的、加工及未加工的苦丁茶叶子,采用热水提取苦丁茶;使用杯碟法测定苦丁茶水提物的抑菌活性;经高效液相色谱法同时测定苦丁茶中槲皮素、山萘酚、熊果酸、齐墩果酸的含量,苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量;采用SPSS统计软件将测得的5种活性成分的含量与抑菌活性进行双变量相关性研究。【结果】不同产地苦丁茶水提物的总体抗菌强弱为广西>广东>海南,且对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用最强,大肠杆菌最弱;加工的>未加工的。除山萘酚外,其余4种成分与3种细菌均呈显著性相关(R<0.01)。【结论】不同苦丁茶样品的抗菌活性与活性成分含量均有一定的差异;苦丁茶水提物中槲皮素、多糖、熊果酸、齐墩果酸与抑菌活性有显著相关性。
关键词:苦丁茶抗菌活性成分相关性
Abstract:【Objective】The correlation between five elements and antimicrobial activity was studied in Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng collected from different localities and parts,in order to provide references for the commercialization of tea picking.【Methods】 Cylinder plate method was used to determine the effect of bacteriostasis from Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng after extraction by hot water.The contents of quertetin,kaempferol,ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were simultaneously determined with HPLC method,and the content of polysaccharides was determined by means of phenylhydrate-sulfuric acid method.Then bivariate analysis was applied to the correlation between five elements and antimicrobial activity by SPSS.【Results】The order of antibacterial activity from Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng was ranked as:Guangxi>Guangdong>Hainan for the locality,Staphylococcus aureus>Pseudomonas aeruginosa>Escherichia coli for bacterial species, and processed goods>buds>mature leaves for the parts.Except for kaempferol,the rest 4 elements had a significant correlation with antimicrobial activity(R<0.01).【Conclusion】Different tea samples have different antimicrobial activity and different content of active ingredients,among them quertetin,polysaccharides,ursolic acid and oleanolic acid possess a significant correlation with the antimicrobial activity.
Key words:Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng,antimicrobial activity,elements,correlation
中图分类号:R285.5
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1005-9164(2016)01-0072-07
作者简介:黄敏桃(1987-),女,硕士研究生,助教,主要从事中药质量控制方面的研究。
收稿日期:2015-09-24
修回日期:2015-11-17
*国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI01B04)和广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(0992003A-20,桂科重1298001-2-3,14124002-3)资助。
**通讯作者:黄庶识(1964-),男,研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事中药质量控制研究,E-mail:hshushi@gxas.cn;刘华钢(1956-),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事中药质量控制研究,
E-mail:lhg@gxfda.gov.cn。
广西科学Guangxi Sciences 2016,23(1):72~78,85
网络优先数字出版时间:2016-01-06
网络优先数字出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1206.G3.20160106.1010.008.html