APP下载

Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.

2016-04-29

时代英语·初中 2016年2期

1.cheer v. 欢呼;喝彩

cheer up(使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来

I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.

我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。

拓展

cheern. 欢呼声;喝彩声

2. volunteer v.义务做;自愿做

n. 志愿者

volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

Jack volunteered to carry the water.

杰克自愿去运水。

3. notice 通知;通告;注意

You can put a notice on the newspaper if you want to find old bike.

如果你想要找一辆旧自行车,你可以在报纸上登个通知。

V. 注意到

①notice sb. do 经常做/全过程

②notice sb. doing 正在做

4. lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的

Sam was very lonely when he first moved to New York.

萨姆刚搬到纽约时非常寂寞。

辨析:alone与 lonely

(1)lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的 。指人孤独的,寂寞的,强调主观感受

(2)alone adv. 独自、单独。指无人陪伴的客观事实,不带感情色彩。

I like being alone in the house.

我喜欢独自一人待在家里。

She lives alone and often feels lonely.

她孑然一身,常感到寂寞。

5.several pron. 几个;数个;一些

several 可作定语,表示“几个”.

Several boys were injured.

有几个小伙子伤了。

6.satisfaction n. 满足;满意

He gained satisfaction from his success.

satisfy v.使……满意,使……满足

satisfactory adj.满意的

satisfied adj.满意的

be satisfied with…对……满意

7.raise v. 募集;征集

(raised; raised)

Raise money筹集资金

raise 提起,使升高,引起,扬起,提高,增加,提出,养育.

raise ones hand 举手; raise crops 种庄稼;

raise ones voice提高嗓音;; raise a question 提出问题;

8. repair v “修理;修复”

(1)repair的对象范围很广,从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品,是使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。

Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?

谁把桌子的断腿修好了?

(2)mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补),一般指较小之物。

This shirt is too old to mend.

这件衣服太旧不能补了。

(3)fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中,与repair无多大区别。

Can you fix the broken chair?

你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?

9.disabled adj. 丧失能力的;有残疾的

肢体有残疾的 (既可以做表语, 也可以做定语)。

disabled people 残疾人

【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】

dislike 不喜欢disorder 无秩序 dishonest 不诚实disappear 消失

10. imagine v. 想象;设想

imagine+n/ ving/ pron

I can just imagine him saying that!

我确实能想到他那么说!

I cant imagine life without the children now.

我现在无法设想没有了孩子们的生活。

11. difficulty n. 困难;难题

In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty in finding jobs.

她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。

difficulty表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;

have difficulty (in) doing sth= have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood.

我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。

12. carryv. 拿,提,扛

比较分析:bring, take, get, fetch, carry

(1)、关于bring与take

bring 和 take 是一对反义词。bring 表示从别处把某人或物“带来”或“拿来”,而 take 则指把某人或物“带走”或“拿走”(到别处)。如:

Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 请把这个空杯子拿走,给我拿杯茶来。

注:若在 bring 和 take 之后接 副词 out,则两者同义,意为“拿出来”(=get out)。如:

He took [brought, got] out his dictionary and looked up the word. 他拿出词典来查这个词。

(2)、关于fetch与get

fetch 与 get 大致同义,均指到别处把某人或物带来,在意义上相当于 go and bring,口语中多用 get。

Shall I get [fetch] you your coat from the next room?

要不要我从隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来?

(3)、关于carry

carry 指“随身携带”(如搬,提,拿,扛,抬,抱,背,带等),不具体说明来去的方向,有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。

The wounded men were carried away. 伤员被抬走了。

She carried her baby in her arms. 她把婴儿抱在怀里。

I never carry much money (with me). 我(身上)从不带很多钱。

He carried a box on his back. 他背着一个箱子。

12.excitedadj.兴奋的;激动的

He was getting excited just thinking about the trip.

一想到那次旅行他就兴奋。

be excited about 对……感到兴奋

The kids were excited about the holiday.

孩子们对假期兴奋不已。

拓展:

exciting adj.令人兴奋的;令人激动的;刺激的

The race itself is very exciting.

比赛本身非常刺激。

13. training n. 训练;培训

Very hard training is necessary.

刻苦训练很必要

train v. 训练;培训

14. change v. 变化;改变

How did it change his life?

它如何改变他的生活?

change A for B用A换成B

When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.

在中国旅游的时候,记得把美元换成人民币。

15. interest n.兴趣;关注

V.使感兴趣;使关注

短语:to feel/have/show/express (an) interest in sth

对…感到/表现出/表示关注

Do your parents take an interest in your friends?

你的父母有兴趣了解你的朋友吗?

Politics doesnt interest him.他对政治不感兴趣。

重点短语

1. give out =hand out分发

give out sth to sb. 分….给某人

2. come up with =think up 想出

catch up with 赶上 追上

makes a big difference 影响;有作用

3. try out 尝试;实验

拓展

(1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 (侧重尽力做)

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 (侧重尝试做)

(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

We should try our best to be happy in the future.

我们应该努力让自己在未来的日子里快乐。

take after =be similar to在(外貌、性格等方面)与(父母)相像,有血缘

关系的

4. take after =be similar to在(外貌、性格等方面)与(父母)相像

look like 只指在外貌上与…..相像

5. set up 建立;设立

set up =establish =build建立

6. put off推迟

1)因为下雨他们推迟了运动会。

2)他推迟了去爬山。

即时练习

改错

1. Luckily, he was badly hurt in the end.()

ABCD

用括号内词正确形式填空

2. My mother used(tell)us stories when we were young.

3.Stamps is used (post) letters.

different or difference

4. Theres no between the two houses. They look the same.

5. She seems to wear something every day.

参考答案:1.A;Unluckily2. to tell 3. to post 4. difference 5. different

基本语法

重点语法——动词不定式

1. 作主语—为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型:It+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.

2. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。

3. 作(后置)定语—常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“enough+名+to do”“Its time to do sth.”等结构中。

4. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。

5. 动词不定式作状语:主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。常用结构有too+adj./adv.+to do sth.等。

6. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法

常见的有:had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。