聚焦含有非谓语动词的固定句型

安徽省怀远一中 王玉峰

聚焦含有非谓语动词的固定句型

安徽省怀远一中 王玉峰

非谓语动词中的动名词和不定式常常用在一些固定句型中，在语篇填空和短文改错题型中常常出现，同学们如果能熟练掌握其固定句型，那么这类题目就能迎刃而解。下面笔者对其进行小结，希望对同学们有所帮助。

一、have difficulty/trouble/bother/a hard time/a problem（in）doing sth.做某事有困难；have luck/fun/a good time（in）doing sth.做某事有运气/有乐趣/开心

其中的difficulty/trouble/bother用作不可数名词，a hard time是根据短语have a good time而来。动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省略。如：

It' savery serious，strict school，though very few people know about it—ordinary students have a hard time（in）getting in.

这是个很认真、严格的学校，虽然知道的人很少——普通学生不容易进。

The witness appeared to have difficulty（in）remembering what had happened.

证人在回忆发生的事情方面似乎有困难。

注意：当在“have+名词+不定式（作定语）”结构中，have是“有”的意思，不定式要带to，如果不定式的动作是句子的主语发出的，则不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。这与其作为使役动词跟不定式作宾补在主动语态时不带to不同。如：

I have nothing to say.我无话可说。

It seems that you have something to be kept from me.你们似乎有事瞒着我。

It was very kind of you（You were very kind）to have us stay.

您这么亲切地招待我们留下来，真是谢谢您。

【例】—Did you have difficulty_____（find）Ann' house？

—Not really.She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

【解析】finding。符合句型have difficulty doing sth.。句意：找到安妮家有困难吗？

二、It is no use/good/fun+doing，做某事没用处/没好处/没有趣

句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词形式。如：

It's no use learning the text by heart without understanding it.

学习课文而不理解它是没有用的。

It's no good/use crying over spilt milk.牛乳泼翻，哭之何益（覆水难收）。

It's no fun staying at home and never going anywhere.

待在家里，什么地方都不去是无聊的。

【例】It'snouse（complain）without taking action.

【解析】complaining。符合句型it's no use doing。句意：一味抱怨而不付诸行动是没有用的。

三、sb.spend/waste time/money（in）doing sth.某人花费/浪费时间/金钱做某事；sb.pass time（in）doing sth.某人消磨时间做某事

句子的主语是人，动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省略。如：

She spent the afternoon（in）washing the windows and the floors.

她花了一下午的时间擦窗子、拖地。

Though he had much work to do，he wasted his time doing nothing.

尽管他有很多工作要做，但他却无所事事，浪费时间。

He wasted much of his time and money playing cards.

打牌浪费了他大量的时间和金钱。

【例】—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day？

—As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does____（write）.

【解析】writing。比较级结构中的does是代动词，代指spends，根据前面的playing看出是he spends time（in）writing。句意：——你知道保罗整天都在干什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩上的时间至少跟花在写作上的时间一样多。

四、It take time to do sth.做某事需要花多少时间

句型中的it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It took us a whole week to go through one of the great forests.我们花了整整一星期才穿过其中一个大森林。

【例】It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and_____ illness

（make）.

【解析】to be made。根据It took a longtime看出用不定式作真正的主语，介词for后的connection是宾语，between...and...短语作定语修饰connection，make与connection是动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动语态形式。句意：人们花了好长时间才弄清楚体温跟疾病之间的关系。

五、stop/prevent/keep/ban/forbid/prohibit sb.from doing sth.阻止/禁止某人做某事；save sb.from doing sth.免去……做某事，拯救；protect sb.from doing保护……使不受……

动名词作介词from的宾语，其中在stop/prevent中，介词from可以省略，但是在被动语态中不可以省略。其他词中的from一般不省略，keep中的from如果省略则意思会发生变化。如：A serious illness has prevented her（from）working for a year.严重的疾病使得她有一年不能工作了。

He was found to have taken cocaine，and Italian authorities banned him from playing for a year.他被发现吸食可卡因，意大利官方便让他停赛一年。

She saved alittle girl（from）falling into the water.她救下一个就要落水的小女孩。

He kept me from working.他不让我工作。比较：He kept me working.他让我一直工作。

六、There is no+doing...不可能……

相关句型有：There is no saying/knowing...说不准……；There is no denying that...不可否认的……。如：

There is no knowing when we shall meet again.不知道我们什么时候才能再相见。

There is no denying the fact that China has made rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.

不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。

七、There is no need（for sb.）to do sth.做某事没有必要

属于there be句型，不定式修饰need，有时为了明确对象，不定式会带上逻辑主语for sb.，即跟不定式的复合结构。如：

That would make a clean break.Of course there was no need to say a smuch，but she would understand.从此一刀两断——这自然不用明说，她总会明白的。

There was none ed for you to fight against your own men.你何必同室操戈。

【例】There is no need（tell）me your answer now.Give it some thought and then let meknow.

【解析】to tell。符合句型there is no need to do sth.，句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。

八、There is（no）+名词+（in）+doing做某事（没）有……

相关句型：There is some/no difficulty/trouble（in）do ingsth.做某事（没）有困难；There is no point（in）doing sth.做某事没有意义；There is no use/good（in）doing sth.做某事没有用。如：

There was some difficulty（in）explaining this to the Swede，but when at last he understood he be came very anxious.

向这个瑞典人说明这件事很费劲，最后他听懂了，显得很着急。

There is no point（in）complaining.They can't do anything to help you.

抱怨于事无补。他们没办法帮助你。

There is no use talking to him while he is in that low frame of mind.

在他心情不好（情绪低落）时与他谈话是没有用的。

九、be busy/engaged/buried/occupied（in）doing sth.忙于某事……

该句型是系表结构，作表语的是形容词，或者是过去分词转化而来的形容词，动名词作介词in的宾语，介词常可以省去。如：

In modern society，everyone is busy in working or studying.As are sult，many people suffer from stress and anxiety.在现代社会里，每个人都在忙着工作或者学习，结果造成许多人有焦虑和过度紧张的困扰。

The nurse was engaged in watching the chemical analysis，and Ville fort was still absorbed in grief.护士正在注意化学分析，维尔福仍然沉浸在悲伤里。

How long has Mark been occupied in writing his new book？马克写新书有多久了？

【例】As John Lennon once said，life is what happens to you while you are busy（make）other plans.

【解析】making。符合句型be busy doingsth.。

十、need/require/want/deserve/be worth+doing某事需要/值得……

其中的动名词要求用主动式表示被动意义，意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。但是be worth不可以跟不定式。如：

There has been something wrong with the car and it badl y needs repairing/to be repaired.这辆汽车已经有毛病了，急需修理。

They deserved punishing/to be punished.他们应受惩罚。

My jacket wants mending/to be mended.我的夹克衫需要修补。

十一、prefer to do A rather than do B与prefer doing A to doing B宁愿做A而不做B

prefer是及物动词，可以跟动名词或不定式作宾语，分别跟rather than…或介词to表示“宁愿做某事，不愿意做另外一件事”，其中rather than后跟动词原形，介词to后跟动名词。如：

He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.他宁愿待在家里，也不愿和我们一起去。

More and more people prefer going to concerts to sitting in a bar.

越来越多的人愿意去听音乐会，而不是待在酒吧里。

十二、do nothing but（except）+do无事可做，只好……；除了干……什么也没做

此处的but是介词，不是连词，同except。若but（except）之前的谓语动词不是do，那么but（except）之后的不定式要带to。如：

After saying those words，he did nothing but add to my anger.说完这些话，他没怎么样，却让我更生气了。There was nothing else to do but pack up again.你除了再收拾一下行李外，没有任何事可做。Now I was indeed in the height of what I might call my prosperity，and I wanted nothing but to be a wife.

我现在真是达到我幸运的最高峰，我什么也不缺，所缺的只是没有当成一个正式的妻子。