APP下载

透析中考英语中动词的语态

2016-03-28高德胜

初中生天地 2016年36期
关键词:语态被动语态及物动词

□高德胜

透析中考英语中动词的语态

□高德胜

动词的语态在各地的中考题中是重要的考点。英语的语态分成两种:主动语态和被动语态,在这里我们主要探讨被动语态的用法。中考都考查了哪些时态的被动语态,让我们一看究竟吧。

高频考点一:常见时态的被动语态

1.一般现在时(am∕is∕are+及物动词的过去分词)

The classroom is always kept clean.教室总是保持得很干净。

2.一般过去时(was∕were+及物动词的过去分词)

The story was told by her.这个故事是她讲的。

3.一般将来时(shall∕will+be+及物动词的过去分词)

The problem will be discussed tomorrow.这个问题将在明天讨论。

4.情态动词(情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词)

These books can’t be taken out of the reading room.这些书不能被带出阅览室。

5.现在完成时(have∕has+been+及物动词的过去分词)

The novel has been read.这本小说已经被读过了。

【例1】Students do less homework now.Usually itbefore 9 o’clock in the evening.

A.finishesB.finished

C.is finishedD.was finished(2016·重庆A卷)

【解析】根据句意“现在学生的家庭作业少了,通常在晚上九点前就能做完”。在这个句子中,主语it是动作finish的承受者,故选用被动语态。又由于做作业是经常性的情况,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。

【例2】Some students in this schoolabroad as exchange students every year.

A.sentB.sendC.are sent(2015·四川自贡)

【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意:每年这所学校的有些学生被派往国外做交换生。主语students与谓语动词send之间是被动关系,故选C。

【例3】Paperfirstabout 2,000 years ago in China.

A.is,creatingB.is,created

C.has,createdD.was,created(2016·天津)

【解析】根据时间状语about 2,000 years ago可知要用一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。

【例4】—I want to borrow the book,but I don’t know how long it may.

—For two weeks.

A.borrowB.be borrowed

C.keepD.be kept(2016·青海西宁)

【解析】本题考查情态动词的被动语态。主语it和谓语动词存在动宾关系,应用被动语态,并且此处应填一个延续性动词,故选D。

【例5】A new roadnear my school next year.

A.buildsB.will build

C.is builtD.will be built(2016·北京)

【解析】考查时态辨析。根据时间状语next year可知要用将来时。由于本句的主语a new road与谓语动词存在动宾关系,故要用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。

高频考点二:语态用法的难点

1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与变换后的主语保持一致。如:

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought.(正确)

A new computer have been bought.(错误)

2.某些动词形式上是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。如:

This kind of dictionary sells well.这种词典很好销。

The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.那辆自行车需要修理了。

3.主动语态中有些动词,如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时要加上to。如:

He made the man work 14 hours a day.→The man was made to work 14 hours a day.

4.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变,通常将间接宾语变为主语。如:

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.→I was given a present on my birthday.我的叔叔在我生日时送给我一个礼物。

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:A present was given to me yesterday.

注意:1.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give, hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。如:

The book was showed to the class.这本书向全班同学展示了。

My bike was lent to her.我的自行车借给她了。

5.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order, paint,play,sing等。如:

A new skirt was made for me.我做了一件新裙子。

Some country music was played for us.我们弹奏了一些乡村音乐。

6.由“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体来看,即把它们看成及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:

(1)不及物动词+介词,如:

agree to,ask for,laugh at,operate on,listen to,look after,think of, talk about等。如:

The patient is being operated on.这个病人正在做手术。

It needn’t be talked about.这个不需要被讨论。

(2)及物动词+副词,如:

bring about,cary out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on, point out,put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out等。如:

His request was turned down.他的要求被拒绝了。

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.由于恶劣的天气,运动会将延期举行。

猜你喜欢

语态被动语态及物动词
被动语态复习(The Paasive Voice) 九年级 Unit5—7
被动语态
被动语态专项训练
被动语态考点大放送
动词的时态与语态题这样得高分
“媒介技术论”语态下的宗教形态与传播
动词的时态、语态
Swagger:气场压人
及物与不及物动词的用法与区别
新目标英语七年级(下)units 1~6复习小结