了解命题者视角，“三步走”攻破完形填空

秦媛

编者按：从2016年第1期开始，英语科目将注重于题型专项提升，聚焦题型难点和易错点，帮助考生弥补知识漏洞。

文章的开头通常会出现一个完整的句子，提示全文，让考生迅速进入主题，为理解文章奠定基础。

语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，使考生无法凭某个单句的其他部分就能得出答案。文中“掩埋”的线索包括文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，考生应以这些线索来解题、确定文体，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完形”的目的。

不少考生看了很多完形填空解题技巧后还是一头雾水，原因是没有真正认识到完形填空的考查关键。

大家不妨和筆者站在命题者的角度来看看完形填空是怎样“编”出来的，知道了命题的思路，了解了设题的角度和选词的方向，难题自然迎刃而解。下面笔者就以一篇完形填空作为案例，总结、分析高考完形填空考查的方向及规律。

Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a 1____ in Long Island had been 2____ by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $ 150，000.“One hundred and fifty thousand，” Todd whistled. Here's a fellow who just 3____ into a bank and helps himself 4____ so much money. Todd thought of the 5____ with which he managed to get the amount of money he 6____ to start his gas station. So many papers to 7____ ， so much money to pay back. The news 8____ twenty minutes later. The gunman had 9____ a car for a ride， and then 10____ out the driver. He was possibly 11 ____the Southern State Parkway in a white Ford. License plate（车牌）number LJR1939. The 12____ of the announcer continued：“13 ____ out for white cars. Don't pick up 14____， and all you folks in gas stations better not do 15____ to a white Ford car.” Todd stood up and 16____to see out into the cold night. It was dark but Todd 17____ the Southern State Parkway was out there. Just 18____ ， Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pulled in for 19____ . There it was， a white Ford. He saw the 20____ ， LJR1939. “What should I do？”Todd had to make a quick 21___ .“Yes， sir？”Todd 22____ while making up his mind for sure.

“23____ her up，”the man said sounding like any other 24____ . When the tank（油箱）was full， Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.“Hands up 25____ get out！”

1. A. store   B. bank   C. station   D. house

2. A. searched for  B. held up  C. taken over  D. broken into

3. A. walks   B. looks   C. marches   D. drives

4. A.for   B. by   C. to   D. of

5. A. satisfaction  B. difficulty  C. disappointment  D. spirit

6. A. saved   B. made   C. offered   D. needed

7. A. collect   B. prove   C. sign   D. write

8. A. continued   B. lasted   C. spread   D. arrived

9. A. bought   B. borrowed   C. stolen   D. stopped

10. A. sent   B. found   C. left   D. pushed

11. A. calling from  B. fleeing from   C. heading for   D. looking for

12. A. news   B. warning   C. advice   D. voice

13. A. Look   B. Run   C. Call   D. Set

14. A. guests   B. strangers   C. prisoners   D. passengers

15. A. harm   B. favor   C. service   D. business

16. A. tried   B. decided   C. hoped   D. happened

17. A. considered  B. knew  C. recognized   D. learnt

18. A. then   B. there   C. right   D. now

19. A. directions   B. repairs   C. gas   D. parking

20. A. mark   B. number   C. sign   D. name

21. A. decision   B. call   C. movement   D. remark

22. A. wondered   B. stopped   C. waited   D. asked

23. A. Cover   B. Fill   C.  Check   D. Tie

24. A. visitor   B. robber   C. driver   D. rider

25. A. or   B. and   C. but   D. to

【答案】1—5：B D A C B  6—10：D C A D D  11—15：C D A B C  16—20：A B A C B 21—25：A D B C B

Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a 1____ in Long Island had been 2____ by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $150，000.“One hundred and fifty thousand，”Todd whistled.

1 A. store    B. bank    C. station    D.house

Todd thought of the 5___with which he managed to get the amount of money he 6___ to start his gas station. So many papers to 7___ ，so much money to pay back.

5.A.satisfaction   B. difficulty

C. disappointment   D. spirit

Todd stood up and 16___ to see out into the cold night.It was dark but Todd 17___ the Southern State Parkway was out there.

17. A. considered   B. knew   C. recognized   D. learnt

When the tank （油箱） was full， Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.“Hands up 25___ get out！”

25.A.or    B.and    C.but    D.to

Heres a fellow who just 3____ into a bank and helps himself 4____ so much money.

4. A. for    B. by    C. to   D. of

（1）從上下文的角度考虑

完形填空必须从上下文的角度考虑，很多问题都要根据上下文来解答。第1题，该题的答案是B，如果只读短文的第一句和第二句，很难确定答案，因为该题的其他三个选项都可以放进句中，语法正确，句子意义也完整。但根据第三句提示可知，该人闯入的是一家银行

（2）从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑

完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法的题目逐年增多，是完形填空题的主流。要做好这类题，首先要具备较大的词汇量储备，以及在语句中准确理解词意的能力，考生做题时应结合上下文的意思，锁定正确词汇。如第5题考查考生对名词意义的掌握，考生首先要准确理解四个选项用词，再结合上文“One hundred and fifty thousand，”Todd whistled，及下文的managed to get...可知，这时Todd想到的应是得到钱不容易，故该题正确选项为B。因此平时在记单词时，一定要做到词不离句，句不离文

（3）从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑

如第17题，Todd所在的汽车加油站附近的道路叫什么，按常理他应该知道，所以该题应选B

再如第25题，根据上下文我们可以知道，Todd抓住了强盗，绝对不会让强盗选择举手还是出去，而是举着手出去。所以该题答案是B而不是A

（4）从习惯用法和搭配的角度考虑

第4题，如果只看四个选项，这道题似乎是在考查介词的用法，认真阅读上下文后，才会发现help oneself to sth.是固定詞组，意为“自取……”。没有理解到这层意思，是很难做对此题的。另外，对于习惯用法和词组搭配的意思也应放在语言环境中去记忆，有的考生只知道 help oneself to...是“请随便……”，因此，要理解透句子的意思才能正确作答。

名师总结：解题“三步走”

第一步：快读全文，整体理解全文大意

短文的第一句一般不设题，考生要认真、重点理解这一句的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章内容的线索。在快速阅读过程中，不要急于动笔选择答案，要一口气读到底，遇到不懂的地方先跳过去，继续往下读，切忌看一句选一题。

第二步：细读全文，上下联系，通篇考虑

在一篇完形填空短文中，往往有这种情况，联系上下文找答案时，联系上文较易，联系下文就比较难。因此，第一遍阅读时，理解全文大意非常关键。另外，在做题时，如遇到一题确实答不出，可先跳过去往下做，很可能下文中就有了上题的暗示或相关信息。

第三步：再读全文，核对文意，纠正错误

题目做完后，应根据所选答案，再通读一遍全文，检查一下全文是否通顺、流畅，用词是否达意，上下文是否连贯，有无前后矛盾的逻辑错误。特别是一些考查词意及搭配的题目，一定要从词汇搭配与上下文意思是否有合理的逻辑关系去考虑，不要硬套搭配而不顾上下文意思。