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词汇短语园地 5

2016-03-01

时代英语·高一 2016年1期
关键词:命令状况状语

1. equal adj. 平等的

All men are born equal. 人生来平等。

equal vt. 等;和……相等;抵得上

Three plus five equals eight.

3加5等于8。

None of us can equal her in strength.

在力气方面我们当中无人能比得上她。

n. 相等的事物(或数量);(地位等)相同的人

She has no equal in English.

谁的英语也比不上她。

be equal to... 与……相等;相当于;能任胜;能应付

on an equal footing 平等地;处于平等地位

2. order n. 秩序;顺序;状况;命令;指示;订

购;订货

v. 命令;订购

The young teacher cant keep order in her classroom.

那位年轻教师无法维持课堂秩序。

The names are in alphabetical order.

名字按字母顺序排列。

Things were in terrible order.

情况一团糟。

He gave orders that the job be done in three days.

他指示三天内完成这项工作。

The company received a large order for computers.

这家公司接到一份要求大量供应电脑的订单。

order vt. 命令;吩咐

(1) 跟带不定式的复合结构

The emperor ordered them to work at once.

皇帝命令他们马上干活。

(2) 跟带介词短语或副词的复合结构

He ordered me back. 他命令我回去。

He ordered us to the front. 他命令我们奔赴前线。

(3) 跟从句,从句中用(should)+ 动词原形

He ordered that we (should) do it at once.

他命令我们立刻去做。

(4) 跟名词

The chairman ordered silence.

主席要大家安静。

in order of... 照(依)……排列

in order of size/importance 按大小/重要性排列

out of order 不合规定;坏了

in good working order 处于良好(可以工作的)状态

in order 处于正常情况;情况良好;井井有条

under orders 按命令(行事);接到命令

take orders from 听从……的命令

注意:以上短语中不使用冠词。

3. condition n. 状况;环境;条件

(1) 状况;状态(多作不可数名词)

Whats the patients condition?

病人的情况如何?

He cant travel in that condition.

在那种状态下,他不能旅行。

(2) 情况;环境(多作复数)

The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.

那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。

Conditions were favorable for business then.

当时的形势有利于经商。

(3) 条件(可数)

Ill do it on condition that you pay for everything.

我可以做此事,条件是你得支付一切费用。

Hard work is a condition of success.

勤奋是成功的前提。

be in condition 身体很好

be out of condition 身体不适

be in good condition 完好无损

be in no condition to (身体状况)不适做……

on condition that 在……条件下

on no condition 决不(放在句首会引起部分倒装)

比较:condition,state和situation的区别

(1) state表“状态;状况”时强调人或事物在某种特定时期内具有的特征和所处的环境,如normal state,the mental state,the present state。

The building is in a bad state of repair.

这栋建筑急需修理。

(2) condition含义与state基本相同,用于这一含义时为不可数名词。conditions指“形势;事态;环境”。

The goods arrived in good condition.

货物抵达完好无损。

(3) situation指“形势;情况;局面”,往往指一组情况或一些情况的综合。

The people of the world want to end the situation of war between the two countries.

全世界人民希望结束这两国之间的战争局面。

4. principle n. 原则;道义;为人之道

You may find the examples dated in this book, but the principles still hold true.

尽管书中的例子陈旧了,但原则仍然适用。

It is a matter of principle with her to answer her childrens questions honestly.

如实回答孩子们的问题对她来说关系到做人的原则。

in principle 原则上;大致上

on principle 按照原则

5. stress vt. 强调;着重;加压力于;使紧张

n. 压力;重音

The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.

英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。

Stress the second syllable.

重读第二个音节。

The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing.

雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。

6. bring up 养育;抚养;培养;提出;呕吐

Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.

她出生后不久父母双亡,是由姑母抚养大的。

I was brought up to always respect the old.

我从小就被教导要尊重长辈。

The lunar exploration has brought up a new subject.

对月球的探测带来一个新课题。

He was so ill that he brought up everything.

他病得很厉害,什么都吐出来了。

7. for the first time 第一次

Ten years ago, I went to the tropics for the first time.

十年前,我第一次到热带去。

I shall never forget seeing you for the first time in 1964.

我永远忘不了1964年第一次见到你的情景。

比较:for the first time和the first time的区别

(1) for the first time首次;第一次,表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。

The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.

两位女生在开学初首次交谈。

(2) the first time首次;第一次,常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。

I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.

第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。

This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall.

这是我第一次来到长城。

8. hear of 听说

(1) hear of作“听说”讲,指听到别人说某人或某事(即间接听说),后面通常接名词或代词,与hear about同义。

I have never heard of such a man.

我从未听说过这样一个人。

(2) (will not) hear of 不同意;不允许

He wouldnt hear of me paying for the bill.

他不肯让我付账。

sb hear (that)... 某人听说……

make oneself heard 高声说话使别人听见

hear from 收到……的信息;接……的来信

hear sb out 听完(某人的话)

hear sb do 听见某人做某事(针对已完成的事,被动

时则用sb be heard to do)

hear sb doing 听见某人做某事(针对正在进行的事,

被动时则用sb be heard doing)

9. they say (that) 人家说;据说

They say that Ken is very good at operating computers.

= It is said that Ken is good at operating computers.

= Ken is said to be very good at operating computers.

据说肯很会操作电脑。

10. a bit 有点;稍微

Im a bit tired tonight.

今晚我有点疲倦。

The painting on the wall is a bit crooked.

墙上的油画有些歪。

11. if so 要是那样的话;在那种情况下

If so, then my friend Peter is a bit mad.

要是那样的话,那么我的朋友彼得就有点疯了。

If so, why didnt you tell me?

如果是这样,你为什么不告诉我?

if any 假如有

if possible 如果可能的话

if only 只要……就好了;但愿

if anything 如果有什么(区别)的话

When many people are hesitating to press forward on the road, they have to make way for the one who values highly his time, and let him overtake them.

—Socrates

当许多人在一条路上徘徊不前时,他们不得不让开一条大路,让珍惜时间的人超越他们。

——苏格拉底

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