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2016年10月浙江高考英语读后续写题目分析和样文点评

2016-02-11张春青浙江外国语学院

作文新天地 2016年12期
关键词:评分标准例文连贯

◎张春青|浙江外国语学院

2016年10月浙江高考英语读后续写题目分析和样文点评

◎张春青|浙江外国语学院

编者按:《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明(高考综合改革试验省份试用)(第一版)》已经公布。作为试点单位,2016年10月份开始的浙江省新高考英语科目考试题型有重大变化,其中英语写作分为两部分,共40分:第一节为应用文写作(15分),第二节为读后续写或概要写作(25分),两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。应用文写作为广大师生所熟悉,但是读后续写或概要写作是一种新题型,之前考试中考生并未接触过。为方便广大师生尽早熟悉这种题型,适应相关变化,高效备考,特设学生习作点评栏目。本次学生习作选自未实行“一年两考”的河北省高三学生,在此对他们表示感谢。

读后续写与评分标准解读

读后续写以读为辅,以写为主,其目标是考查学生的书面语言运用能力。从评分标准来看,读后续写主要是考查内容和语言两方面。在内容上,第一,续写内容要与原文和所给续写段落的首句融洽,续写的每一段要与原文融洽度高,并且要紧贴所给首句的线索来写。第二,内容要丰富,要有细节的描绘,使用5个及以上原文中画线的词语。这两方面对学生续写内容给出了极强的限制,使得学生的续写内容偏离原文的概率大大降低。同时,内容也会被限制在可以预测的范围内,便于评分。

在语言方面,考生应该首先考虑语法和词汇的准确性,然后再去考虑复杂性。有的考生直接将简单句合并或者修改成复杂句,这在平时练习中作为学习过程是可行的,但考试时,却可能因此出现语法或词汇错误,得不偿失。第二点是上下文的连贯性,实际上应该是语句间的连接手段的使用,例如,“and”“but”“therefore”等词,但必须指出的是,衔接词使用要恰当,并非越多越好,连贯主要靠上下文的情节推进来实现。

2016年10月浙江高考读后续写试题分析

2016年浙江高考首次使用读后续写试题,故事讲述了Jane和Tom去森林宿营,由于争吵,Jane独自走进森林后迷路,在丛林中,她后悔离开了Tom,度过一夜后,她发现了一条小溪,并吃了一些浆果充饥,在顺流而上的途中,她听到了直升机的声音,并决定使用自己的黄色罩衣来引起直升机的注意。续写部分给出的第一段首句表明,没有更多的直升机到来,天色也黑了下来;第二段首句表明,Jane睡了一晚后醒来了。所以在第一段续写中,考生应该描述Jane晚上所做的事情;第二段续写要求考生写她醒来后发生的事情,按照常理,Jane在第二段续写中应该获救。文章中画出的关键词包括:人物——Jane, Tom;背景——lake,stream,atadistance;事物——helicopter,yellow blouse;动作——walked,climbed;情感——to her great joy。

按照评分标准,评分员应首先考虑续写与短文和段落开头语的融洽程度。如果续写第一段直升机又回来了,Jane没有睡着,或者Jane又重复了前面吃浆果、沿着小溪找路等事情,评分员就会认为续写的第一段与原文和第一句不融洽,融洽的行为应该包括Jane为自救而采取的行动,如遇到的困难、黄色罩衣的使用、如何费劲地找到过夜之处、在情感上应该体现思念Tom和家人、后悔出走等,然后顺利地过渡到她睡着了。第二段续写按照常理Jane应该获救,Tom可以出现在她面前,然后再倒叙发现Jane的过程,最后是夫妻幸福的团聚。

按照评分标准的第二项,考生应该能够使故事复杂化并达到高潮;另外,需要添加细节,使内容丰富;最后,考生千万不要忘记使用5个及以上画线词,并且在自己的续写中画出来。从大的方向来说,试题所给的文章已经完成了故事的开头,考生的任务是使故事复杂化,添加更多的细节使故事更加丰富,例如,Jane如何具体地使用黄色blouse、如何找到过夜的地方、有无野兽、如何生火等;同时,细腻地描写Jane的情感,如后悔离开Tom、思念家人等。在复杂化之后,让故事出现高潮,高潮应该出现在Jane和Tom相遇的时机。

按照评分标准第三项,考生应该能够准确使用词汇和语法结构。除了语法和词汇正确性外,考生所使用的语法结构和词汇还应该具有一定的丰富性,也就是说,考生应该根据不同的语境,得体地使用较多的语法结构和多样的词汇来续写故事。如果考生的语法词汇较为简单,虽然使用正确,也很难得到四档高分,更不必说五档高分了。

按照评分标准第四项,考生所续写的故事本身应该连贯,使用衔接词是保证续写故事连贯性的手段之一,但对于连贯来说,更重要的是故事内容本身的连贯,如果考生的续写内容句与句之间前言不搭后语,即使使用再多的“however”“but”“therefore”也是不连贯的。另外,考生需要注意,不要滥用衔接词,滥用衔接词会适得其反,会引起评分员的反感,对提高分数不利。

例文分析

下面是各个档次的例文,由河北省某省级重点中学学生所写,每篇都经过了两位参与高考评分的评阅教师的双评,教师还给出了具体的评语。斜体部分是续写给出的段首语,其余部分为学生续写。

例1五档续写例文

But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Feeling disappointed,Jane had to stay alone for another night.After walking a long distance again,it occurred to her that she had a box of matches with her.She was wild with joy and used them to burn some branches so that she could get some warmth.Staring at the jumping fire,Jane thought of all the things that she and Tom had experienced together.Only in this way could Jane feel better and fall asleep.

It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Feeling refreshed,she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.At noon,to her great joy,she finally caught sight of a wide water surface at a distance.It was the lake!Also she spotted a crew of policemen seeking along the bank!It seemed that they also spotted her because they were moving towards her!It was Tom who called the police. Finally,they led her to her husband.And the minute they met,theyhugged together firmly as if they would never separate again.They got home and have led a happy life ever since.

【点评】

该文为最高档五档作文,两位评分员都给了22分。第一,续写部分和原文及首句的融洽度高,第一段开头“Jane had to stay alone for another night”一句中的“another night”说明作者理解了原文中Jane已经度过了一夜的事实,又为下文她睡着了埋下了伏笔,从而和第二段又接续上了。第二段开头作者说,Jane感觉精力恢复了,与段首所说的醒来呼应。第二,该文内容丰富,增加了“a box of matches”和“jumping fire”,极有画面感;同时,在第二段,Jane看到了平静的湖面、警方的活动和他们见面后的喜悦等细节都描写得栩栩如生。另外,在情节的推进方面,作者在第一段续写(生火)和第二段续写的开头(继续前行)使故事复杂化,然后达到故事的高潮(看到湖面、警察和Tom)。第三,该文基本没有语言错误,达到了语法和词汇的准确性;在词汇和语法的丰富性上,作者使用了“occur”“wild with joy”“refresh”“caught sight of”“spot”“the minute”(做连词)等词汇;在语法结构上,作者使用了现在分词“feeling disappointed”“staring at the jumping fire”,主语从句“it occurred to her that”和“it seemed that”,“as if”引导的状语从句,倒装“only in this way could Jane...”,在续写中体现出了较高的语言运用水平。最后,在连贯方面,作者使用了“and”“also”“after”等词将上下文的逻辑体现了出来,但是连贯性主要还是由情节的推进体现出来的。

例2四档续写例文

But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Jane felt disappointed very much.A memory of her and Tom came up in her mind.Suddenly,Jane burst into tears.But after a while,she layon the ground with her yellow blouse.Gradually,she fell asleep. Then,she dreamed about her husband and her parents,they were looking for her.Jane wanted to yell,but she couldn’t.She was so cold that she awaked from her dream.Then she found some branches to make a fire and continue to sleep.

It was daybreak when Jane woke up.She stood up and walked alone.She had a strong belief that Tom could rescue her.To her great joy,Jane heard the sound of a helicopter at a distance.Tom was on the helicopter yelling:“Jane,here I am.”Jane responded him excitedly.After Jane was rescued,they hugged firmly.They expressed thanks to the rescuers.And Jane promised Tom she would never quarrel with him.

点评

这篇续写属于四档,得分为17分。首先,续写与原文和段首语融洽度较高;在内容丰富性方面,作者添加了Jane的情感和意志、做梦、生火三个元素,使得故事复杂化,最后的高潮部分(直升机的出现)丰富性略显不足,但是足够使故事完整。在语言方面,表达较为准确,但是“then”一句中逗号使用错误,“continue”时态错误;另外,表达有一定的复杂度,在词汇方面有“memory”“excitedly”“burstintotears”“respond”等的使用,在语法结构方面使用了较多的复合句,例如“so... that...”结构和同位语从句“a strong belief that”等。作者主要依靠意义和小句间的衔接来完成上下文的连贯,句子间只使用了“and”和“then”等简单的衔接手段。

例3三档续写例文

But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Jane was disappointed and scared.At that moment,she seemed tohear the sound of wolves,which made her calm down and began to think how to stay a night in the forest.A TV show about a wilderness survival program occurred to her.So she found a big tree and tried to climb the tree,that made her became safe.She sleep on the tree before long.

It was daybreak when Jane woke up.She was proud of herself because she stay a nightsafely by herself.Then Jane heard a helicopter.She was wild with joy and went to an open area and waved her yellow blouse.However,she was not fortunately.The helicopter flew overhead.She thought she supposed to do something so that helicopters can find her.So Jane wrote a“SOS”at an open area.She was saved eventually.Tom hugged Jane and told her how much he loved her.

【点评】

该文属于三档例文(13分),续写内容无论是与原文还是与段首语都融洽度较高,但是在内容本身方面,Jane爬树并且还睡在了树上,显得有些牵强,第二段续写中Jane写了“SOS”,但在直升机上能够看到她手写的“SOS”,令人难以置信。在内容丰富性方面,作者添加了狼叫、爬树和“SOS”等情节,使得故事复杂化。在语言方面,有较多错误,但是不影响对故事的理解,这些错误包括:“occur”的用法错误,“that”引导非限制性定语从句错误,“sleep”“stay”“can”的时态错误,“fortunately”应该改为形容词,“supposed”应该使用被动语态等。作者在词汇和语法结构的使用方面体现了一定的丰富性,例如“scared”“wolves”“wilderness”“survival”“wild with joy”“eventually”等。衔接连贯方面,作者主要使用意义手段和小句间的衔接使得故事连贯,基本没有使用句子间的衔接手段。

例4二档续写例文

But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. This time,Jane felt scared.This was the second time that Jane had to through the dark day. She felt very tired and she wand ered to know how she can through the darkness.Then,she thought a good idea.She made an easy house.She lived in the house.So she can through the darkness.She waited for tomorrow.

It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Jane thought about the helicopter came whether or not.She saw the yellow blouse beside herself.She waited forthe helicopter.Once shesaw them she would throw her yellow blouse.She had a strong belief that the helicopter would see her.Finally,the helicopter came surely.So she was saved by them.She felt anxious.Because she didn’t find her husband,Tom.So she asked them to look for Tom.

【点评】

这篇续写属于二档,得7分。内容与原文和段首句有一定的融洽度,但第一段和第二段间没有呼应,在第一段续写中,Jane没有睡着。在内容方面,作者运用了Jane的感受、搭建简易房两个情节使得续写故事复杂化,但故事并没有正常结束,因为Tom没有出现!另外,续写中只使用了4个画线词。在语法和词汇方面,准确性较差,影响了理解,例如,“through”用作了动词,“wonder”拼写错误,变成了另一个词“wander”,“whether or not”位置错误,“because”从句单独成句,其余不一一指出。在复杂性方面,句子以简单句为主,基本上以“she”开头,句式单调,显示出作者词汇和语法手段有限。在连贯方面,作者只使用了“then”“so”等简单的衔接词。

例5一档续写例文

But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Jane come back the lake.But she can’t find her husband,Tom.She want to find Tom and walk around the lake,she cried,“Tom!”

It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Jane rose at the break of day,nurves and thirsty.She could hear water tricklying some where at a distance.Quickly she followed the sound to a stream.To her great joy,she also saw some berry bushes.As the picked her way carefully along the stream,Jane heard a helicopter,another helicopter flew overhead.Janetook off heryellow blouse.Tom comeback, Tom and Jane start happy and happiness life.

【点评】

这篇续写属于最低档,得2分。第一,无论是与原文,还是与段首句,作者所续写的内容都没有融洽度。第二,除了最后一句,作者所写的情节全部是原文的内容,基本没有自己的创作。第三,即使是抄袭原文,作者也是错误百出,可以判断出作者语法和词汇运用能力极弱。第四,上下文支离破碎,没有连贯性可言。

本栏目责任编辑:李益

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