薄荷地上部分的非挥发性化学成分研究
2016-02-01陈智坤梁呈元任冰如李维林
陈智坤, 梁呈元, 任冰如, 陈 剑, 于 盱, 吕 寒, 刘 艳, 李维林,①
〔1. 陕西省西安植物园 陕西省植物研究所, 陕西 西安 710061; 2. 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所(南京中山植物园), 江苏 南京 210014〕
薄荷地上部分的非挥发性化学成分研究
陈智坤1,2, 梁呈元2, 任冰如2, 陈剑2, 于盱2, 吕寒2, 刘艳2, 李维林2,①
〔1. 陕西省西安植物园 陕西省植物研究所, 陕西 西安 710061; 2. 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所(南京中山植物园), 江苏 南京 210014〕
薄荷属(MenthaLinn.)植物薄荷(MenthahaplocalyxBriq.)的干燥地上部分为常用中药材[1],其主要药用成分为挥发油[2-3],其非挥发性成分也具有重要的药理作用。为详细了解薄荷的非挥发性成分,作者对薄荷地上部分乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物的组成成分进行了分析。
1 材料和方法
1.1材料
供试薄荷的干燥地上部分于2011年9月购自安徽亳州药材市场,产地为安徽太和县肖口镇,由梁呈元副研究员鉴定。
1.2方法
称取干燥地上部分25 kg,按料液比(m/V)1∶6加入体积分数70%乙醇,常温浸提15 d,提取2次,合并提取液并浓缩得浸膏,用蒸馏水配成混悬液,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,获得乙酸乙酯萃取物610 g和正丁醇萃取物500 g。
取乙酸乙酯萃取物200 g,经硅胶柱层析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)得到4个组分,经重结晶、硅胶柱层析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)和Sephadex LH-20柱层析(甲醇-水)得到化合物M1至M5。取正丁醇萃取物200 g,用D101大孔树脂柱层析(体积分数50%、 70%、 90%和100%乙醇)得到4个组分, 经Sephadex LH-20柱层析(三氯甲烷-甲醇)和制备液相(三氯甲烷-甲醇)分离得到化合物M6至M16。 采用理化分析及MS、1H-NMR和13C-NMR分析,并与文献比对,确定各化合物结构。
2 实验结果
M1: 白色针状结晶; mp: 139 ℃~140 ℃; Liebermann- Burchard反应阳性。与β-谷甾醇对照品共同薄层层析,Rf值和显色一致,混合熔点不下降,鉴定为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)。
M2:白色粉末;mp:287 ℃~288 ℃;Liebermann-Burchard和Molish反应阳性。与胡萝卜苷对照品共同薄层层析,Rf值和显色一致,混合熔点不下降,鉴定为胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)。
M3:黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:307.01[M+Na]+,C16H12O5。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:12.91(1H,s,5-OH),10.82(1H,s,H-7),8.03(2H,dd,J=7.0,2.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.11(2H,dd,J=7.0,2.0 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.84(1H,s,H-3),6.51(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.21(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),3.86(3H,s,4′-OCH3)。13C-NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ:181.70(C-4),164.15(C-7),163.24(C-2),162.25(C-9),161.39(C-4′),157.28(C-5),128.24(C-2′,6′),122.79(C-1′),114.52(C-3′,5′), 103.71(C-10), 103.49(C-3), 98.83(C-6), 93.96(C-8),55.49(4′-OCH3)。参照文献[4]鉴定为刺槐素 (acacetin)。
M4:白色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:457.28[M+H]+, C30H48O3。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:5.17(1H,t,J=3.5 Hz,H-12),3.46(1H,dd,J=7.0,14.0 Hz,H-3),2.76(1H,dd,J=3.5,8.5 Hz, H-5)。13C-NMR(DMSO, 125 MHz)δ: 179.06(C-28),144.15(C-13), 121.89(C-12), 77.37(C-3), 55.17(C-5), 48.88(C-9),47.45(C-17,19),41.63(C-14),41.18(C-18),39.00(C-8),38.67(C-4),38.41(C-1),36.90(C-10),33.63(C-21), 33.05(C-22), 32.74(C-7), 32.44(C-29), 30.63(C-20), 28.43(C-23), 27.51(C-15), 27.15(C-2),25.80(C-27),23.55(C-11),23.26(C-16),23.91(C-30),18.60(C-6),17.35(C-26),16.40(C-24),15.30(C-25)。参照文献[5]鉴定为齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)。
M5:黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:302.04[M+H]+, C15H10O7。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:12.47(1H,s,5-OH),10.76(1H,s,H-7),9.39(1H,s,H-3),8.52(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3′,4′),7.64(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),7.52(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6′),6.78(1H,s,H),6.42(1H,s,H), 6.21(1H,s,H);13C-NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ: 174.81(C-4), 162.53(C-7), 160.04(C-5),156.31(C-9),147.52(C-4′),146.82(C-2),144.83(C-3′),135.48(C-3),121.91(C-1′),119.83(C-6′),115.54(C-5′),115.24(C-2′),104.39(C-10),98.31(C-6),92.9(C-8)。参照文献[6]鉴定为槲皮素(quercetin)。
M6: 白色针状结晶, ESI-MSm/z: 155.12 [M+H]+, C7H6O4。1H-NMR(D2O, 500 MHz)δ:7.42(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2),7.39(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-6),7.37(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz, H-5)。13C-NMR(D2O, 125 MHz)δ: 177.03(C-7), 150.03(C-3), 146.03(C-4),131.30(C-1),124.24(C-6),119.63(C-5),118.11(C-2)。参照文献[7]鉴定为原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid)。
M7:白色粉末;mp:272 ℃~273 ℃;ESI-MSm/z:457.37[M+H]+,C30H48O3。13C-NMR(PYR,125 MHz)δ:179.88(C-28),139.28(C-13),125.66(C-12),78.14(C-3), 55.84(C-5),53.57(C-18),48.06(C-9,17),42.52(C-14),39.99(C-8),39.51(C-19),39.42(C-4),39.39(C-1),39.10(C-20),37.46(C-10), 37.30(C-22), 33.60(C-7), 31.09(C-21), 28.83(C-23), 28.71(C-15), 28.15(C-2), 24.93(C-16), 23.93(C-27), 23.65(C-11), 21.43(C-30), 18.80(C-6),17.54(C-29),17.47(C-26),16.59(C-25),15.70(C-24)。参照文献[8]鉴定为熊果酸(ursolic acid)。
M8:白色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:495.34[M+Na]+,C30H48O4。13C-NMR(PYR,125 MHz)δ:180.77(C-28),139.66(C-13),127.83(C-12), 78.09(C-3), 72.51(C-19), 55.65(C-5),54.37(C-18), 48.11(C-17), 47.53(C-9), 42.14(C-20), 41.83(C-14),40.09(C-8),39.11(C-4),38.80(C-1),38.27(C-22), 37.08(C-10), 33.33(C-7), 29.06(C-15), 28.56(C-23), 27.67(C-2), 26.90(C-21), 26.68(C-29), 26.13(C-16), 24.48(C-27), 23.78(C-11), 18.69(C-6), 16.99(C-26),16.57(C-24),16.30(C-30),15.33(C-25)。参照文献[9]鉴定为坡模酸(pomolic acid)。
M9:黄色粉末;mp:328 ℃~330 ℃;ESI-MSm/z:323.05[M+Na]+,C16H12O6。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:12.92(1H,s,5-OH), 7.49(1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-6′), 7.41(1H,s, H-2′), 7.04(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5′),6.69(1H,s,H-3),6.44(1H,s,H-8),6.19(1H,s,H-6),3.84(3H,s,4′-OCH3),其中7位和3′位上的羟基H不出峰。13C-NMR(DMSO,150 MHz)δ:181.64(C-4),164.29(C-7),163.47(C-2),161.48(C-9),157.32(C-5),151.09(C-4′),146.80(C-3′),123.05(C-6′),118.62(C-1′),112.95(C-2′),112.06(C-5′),103.75(C-3),103.49(C-10),98.90(C-6),93.91(C-8),55.70(4′-OCH3)。参照文献[10]鉴定为香叶木素(diosmetin)。
M10:白色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:473.17[M+H]+,C30H48O4。13C-NMR(PYR,125 MHz)δ:179.87(C-28),139.25(C-13),125.56(C-12), 79.31(C-3), 66.06(C-2), 53.52(C-18), 48.68(C-5),48.03(C-9),47.89(C-17),42.96(C-1),42.54(C-14), 40.16(C-19), 39.40(C-20), 38.79(C-8), 38.59(C-4),37.44(C-10),33.47(C-22),33.19(C-7),31.06(C-21),29.46(C-23),28.61(C-15),24.88(C-11),23.82(C-24),23.66(C-16),22.28(C-27),21.36(C-30),18.42(C-6),17.48(C-26,29),16.72(C-25)。参照文献[11]鉴定为2α,3α-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌羧酸(2α,3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid)。
M11:白色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:473.48[M+H]+,C30H48O4。13C-NMR(PYR,125 MHz)δ:144.9(C-13),122.31(C-12),83.80(C-3), 68.57(C-2), 55.90(C-5), 48.18(C-8,9),47.74(C-1),46.54(C-17,19),42.23(C-18),42.05(C-14),39.84(C-4),38.56(C-10),34.29(C-21),33.21(C-7,22,29),30.91(C-20),29.32(C-23),28.30(C-15),26.13(C-27),23.93(C-16),23.80(C-11,30),18.86(C-6),17.68(C-25,26),16.86(C-24),C-28(羧基碳)未出峰。参照文献[12]鉴定为2α-羟基齐墩果酸(2α-hydroxydeanolic acid)。
M12:淡黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:181.16[M+H]+,C9H8O4。1H-NMR(CH3OH-d4,500 MHz)δ:6.68(1H,s,H-7), 6.67(1H, s, H-2),6.66(1H,s,H-6),6.48(1H,s,H-5),6.47(1H,s,H-8);13C-NMR(CH3OH-d4,125 MHz)δ:176.20(C-9),145.87(C-4),144.28(C-3),132.94(C-7),119.87(C-1,8),116.03(C-5,6),115.98(C-2)。参照文献[13]鉴定为咖啡酸(caffeic acid)。
M13:白色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:361.37[M+H]+,C18H16O8。1H-NMR(D2O,400 MHz)δ: 7.55(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-7), 7.05(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2), 6.95(1H, dd,J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, H-6),6.78(1H,dd,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.75(1H,dd,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.70(1H,dd,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),6.61(1H,dd,J=2.0,8.0 Hz,H-6′),6.27(1H,d,J=16.0 Hz,H-8),5.19(1H,dd,J=4.4,8.4 Hz,H-8′),3.10(1H,dd,J=4.4,14.0 Hz,H-7a′), 3.01(1H,dd,J=8.4, 14.4 Hz,H-7b′)。13C-NMR(D2O,100 MHz)δ:173.62(C-9′),168.59(C-9), 149.86(C-4),147.88(C-3),146.99(C-7),146.28(C-3′),145.40(C-4′),129.37(C-1′),127.77(C-1),123.31(C-6),121.94(C-6′),117.70(C-2′),116.62(C-5),116.42(C-5′),115.33(C-2),114.51(C-8),74.72(C-8′), 38.03(C-7′)。参照文献[14]鉴定为迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid)。
M14:黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:447.21[M+H]+,C22H22O10。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:13.48(1H,s,5-OH),7.83(2H,dd,J=2.0,8.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.28(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.88(2H,dd,J=2.0,8.0 Hz,H-3′,5′), 6.65(1H,s,H-3), 6.28(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),5.74(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),4.64(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2″),4.35-4.26(4H,m,H-3″,4″,5″,6″),4.19(1H,m,H-6″),3.83(3H,s, 4′-OCH3)。13C-NMR(DMSO,125 MHz)δ:182.85(C-4),164.44(C-2),164.21(C-7),163.12(C-5), 162.64(C-4′),157.88(C-9),128.53(C-2′,6′),123.13(C-1′),114.89(C-3′,5′),106.63(C-10),104.82(C-3),101.89(C-1″),100.89(C-6),95.43(C-8),79.27(C-5″), 78.51(C-3″), 74.84(C-2″), 71.21(C-4″), 63.51(C-6″),55.66(4′-OCH3)。参照文献[15]鉴定为刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)。
M15:黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:285.04[M+H]+,C15H10O6。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:7.41(2H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.90(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′), 6.66(1H,s,H-3), 6.46(1H,s,H-8),6.19(1H,s,H-6)。13C-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:181.61(C-4),164.15(C-7),163.87(C-2),161.43(C-5),157.24(C-9),149.68(C-3′),145.72(C-4′),121.47(C-1′),118.92(C-6′),116.01(C-2′),113.36(C-5′),103.65(C-10),102.82(C-3),98.81(C-6),93.82(C-8)。参照文献[16]鉴定为木犀草素(luteolin)。
M16:黄色粉末;ESI-MSm/z:449.20[M+H]+,C21H20O11。1H-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:12.99(1H,s,5-OH),7.45(2H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.92(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz, H-5′),6.78(2H,dd,J=2.0 Hz,H-6,8), 6.45(1H,s,H-3), 5.36(1H,s,H-1″),4.60(1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-2″),3.49-3.29(4H,m,H-3″,4″,5″,6″),3.17(1H,s,H-6″)。13C-NMR(DMSO,500 MHz)δ:181.77(C-4),164.55(C-2),163.01(C-7),161.13(C-5),156.88(C-9),149.93(C-4′),145.69(C-3′),121.53(C-1′),118.98(C-6′),115.86(C-5′),113.76(C-2′),105.47(C-10),103.27(C-3),99.86(C-6),99.46(C-8),94.93(C-1″),77.13(C-5″), 76.48(C-3″), 73.10(C-2″), 69.69(C-4″),60.70(C-6″)。参照文献[17]鉴定为木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)。
化合物M1和M2为甾体类;M3、M5、M9、M14、M15和M16为黄酮类;M4、M7、M8、M10和M11为三萜酸类;M6、M12和M13为酚酸类。其中,M6、M15和M16首次从薄荷中获得,而M8、M10、M11和M14首次从薄荷属中获得。
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Research on involatile chemical constituents in above-ground part ofMenthahaplocalyx
CHEN Zhikun1,2, LIANG Chengyuan2, REN Bingru2, CHEN Jian2, YU Xu2, LYU Han2, LIU Yan2, LI Weilin2,①
(1.Xi’an Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China; 2. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China),J.PlantResour. &Environ., 2016, 25(3): 115-117
Sixteen compounds were isolated from extracts of ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol of ethanol extracts of above-ground part ofMenthahaplocalyxBriq. They areβ-sitosterol (M1), daucosterol (M2), acacetin (M3), oleanolic acid (M4), quercetin (M5), protocatechuic acid (M6), ursolic acid (M7), pomolic acid (M8), diosmetin (M9), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (M10), 2α-hydroxydeanolic acid (M11), caffeic acid (M12), rosmarinic acid (M13), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (M14), luteolin (M15) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (M16). In which, M6, M15 and M16 are isolated firstly fromM.haplocalyx, and M8, M10, M11 and M14 are isolated firstly fromMenthaLinn.
薄荷; 地上部分; 乙醇提取物; 非挥发性成分; 结构鉴定
MenthahaplocalyxBriq.; above-ground part; ethanol extracts; involatile constituents; structure identification
2015-10-22
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI04B06)
陈智坤(1987—),男,陕西洋县人,硕士,研究实习员,主要从事植物资源研究与开发方面的工作。
E-mail: lwlcnbg@mail.cnbg.net
Q946; R284.1
A
1674-7895(2016)03-0115-03
10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2016.03.15