都灵2006年冬奥会监测

玛尔塔·博泰罗/Marta Bottero

徐知兰 译/Translated by XU Zhilan

都灵2006年冬奥会监测

Monitoring the Torino 2006 Winter Olympic Games

玛尔塔·博泰罗/Marta Bottero

徐知兰 译/Translated by XU Zhilan

在2000-2007年的整整7年里，进行了一项针对奥林匹克运动会地域影响的研究1）。这对一个大型综合项目开展前、进行中和结束后的各阶段监测而言，是一个非常重要的契机。

这一研究有几项差异性特征，如它以系统性地对所有可能通过不同方式、受奥运会各项措施影响的领域给予了更多关注，它对奥运会各项活动的地域影响进行了分析，并且特别关注（赛后）“奥运遗产”的遗留影响。尤其值得注意的是，这项分析研究的基础是奥运遗产主题，这一主题也被当做是地域发展进程的起点。在这个意义上，这项监测工作的长期开展让我们能深入分析城市、地域和重大事件之间的关系，其研究成果也使我们明确界定了能形成奥运遗产长期进程的前提条件。

这项分析由一张评估表开始，这张表格覆盖了能让奥运会在最大程度上有益于地域发展的各项目标，并考虑到它们应该能在上述提到过的、能够产生影响的各个领域内进行正确的评价。

评估表中明确列出了5项特别关注的关键主题；这些关键主题涉及有可能对地域系统的开放与增强产生影响的基础设施、能改善当地居民生活品质的新设施、经济领域和生产发展的方面、旅游业的新兴类型，以及自然、景观和文化遗产的价值增长。

在每一项关键主题下，研究还定义了若干可能被认为在奥运会的地域影响评价中具有重要意义的因素。这些因素通过某些定量或定性指标进行评估，并参照彼此之间的综合内在关系进行分析。

从这项研究中，产生了该地区未来地域发展的创新方案。这个方案以一系列值得注意的决策和行为为特点，以未来为导向，以重新引入山区、景观和自然环境为导向，也以寻求新的发展模式、新的城市和地区形象为导向，并且能在国际层面实施。不仅如此，方案还通过对研究成果中各项积极因素的关注，包含了致力于使奥运遗产增值的许多战略措施。由此，应该给出研究的主要关注点：创新和本土发展（核心关键主题：“企业与发展”），以及旅游、体育和休闲（核心关键主题：“新兴旅游业”）。□

For a total period of seven years (2000-2007), specific research was dedicated to the evaluation of the impacts of the Olympic Games on the region1). It was an important opportunity to examine and monitor a complex programme in the ex-ante, in itinere and ex-post stages.

The study was characterized by several specificities, such as a systematic increase in attention to all the areas that could be have been influenced – in various ways – by the actions of the Olympic Games, an analysis of the regional implications of the Programme's actions, and a special care given to the residual (post-event) effects of the "Olympic legacy". In particular, the main objective of the analysis was to examine the theme of Olympic legacy, intended as start-up of territorial development processes. In this respect, the long-term duration of the performed monitoring allowed to deeply analyze the relationship between city/territory and Mega Events and, consequently, to put in evidence the pre-conditions for the creation of legacy processes able to last over time.

The analysis was developed starting from an assessment grid crossing the objectives to be pursued, in order to maximize the territorial benefits of the Olympic Games with the aspects that had to be considered for a correct evaluation of the previously mentioned effects.

The assessment grid identified five key themes on which attention was concentrated. These key-themes were related to infrastructures able to influence the possibility of opening and strengthening the territorial system, to new services that would improving the quality of life of the local population, to economic development, to the new types of tourism, and to the optimization of natural, landscape, and cultural heritage.

For each key theme, the study identified several elements that could be considered as very significant for the evaluation of the repercussions of the Olympic Games on the territory. These elements were assessed by means of specific qualitative and quantitative indicators, and analyzed with consideration to their complex inter-relationships.

From the research, an innovative scenario for the future territorial development of the region has emerged. This scenario is characterized by noteworthy choices and behaviours directed towards the future, towards the re-emphasis of the mountains, the landscape, and the natural context, towards the search for new development models and images for the city and the territory, and an ability to act at an international level. Moreover, the scenario includes strategies devoted to the valorisation of the Olympic legacy, looking at the elements considered in the research in positive terms. Hereupon, the main focus should be put on: innovation and local development (central key-theme: "enterprises and development") and tourism, sport and leisure (its central key-theme: "new tourism").□

注释/Note:

1）该研究由地域系统创新高等研究院（SiTi）进行，由以下教授进行科学指导/This research was carried out by Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation (SiTi), under the scientific supervision of the professors: Roberto Gambino, Giulio Mondini, Attilia Peano and Claude Raffestin.

都灵理工大学

2015-08-15