Bottleneck of Modern Agricultural Development and Countermeasures in Qinzhou in the Context of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone

Ruwen LIANG,Wei HUANG,Qilin HE,Daobo WANG*

1.College of Resource and Environment,Qinzhou University,Qinzhou 535000,China;

2.Agriculture College of Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;

3.Qinzhou Marine Bureau,Qinzhou 535000,China

Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

Status quo of Agriculture in Qinzhou

Beibu Gulf Economic Zone defines the region surrounding around China’s southwestern coastal region and cities,consisting of Nanning,Beihai,Qinzhou and Fangchenggang,with Yulin and Chongzuo in extension zone.On January 16,2008,it was proposed to build Beibu Gulf Economic Zone into a key international economic cooperation zone,and the 4theconomic pole in China.Qinzhou is a large agricultural city of Beibu Gulf,enjoying exceptional advantages of natural resources,so that economy develops fast and rural economy keeps stable advancing.

Qinzhou has a subtropic marine monsoon climate,with transitional characteristics from tropics to subtropics.Specifically,annual average temperature keeps in the range of 21.5-22 ℃and annual accumulated temperature of 7 850-8 030 ℃,with short,mild winters and long,hot and humid summers.Annual rainfall is over 1 800 mm,the majority of which occurs from July to August,but precipitation during April-September accounts for 80%.Furthermore,the city receives an average of 1 612-1 768 hours of bright sunshine annually and 4.5×106J/m2of solar radiation.Additionally,local soils include sandshale,granite,purple soil,littoral sediment,river alluvium,and Quaternary red clay,with high fertility,and most soil horizons are as deep as 80 cm,with surface soils abundant with organic matters.As for water,Qinzhou has Qin River,Maoling River,Huangwutun River,and Dafeng River,with a drainage area of 6 000 km2,and annual average water resources of 1.042×1011m3.

Bottleneck of Modern Agricultural Development in Qinzhou

Significant effects of natural disasters

Qinzhou is abundant with heats and water resources.However,the city is always hit by natural disasters,such as typhoon,rainstorm,fog,and debris flow,affecting agricultural production.Meanwhile,acceleration of urbanization and extension of Qinzhou directly reduce farmlands of the city and low comparative benefits of farming pose threats to crop safety and vegetable supply in Qinzhou,deteriorated by extensive planting of eucalyptus.With urban development,a flood of migrant workers into the city has reduced sowing area,deteriorating crop safety.

Recently,with agricultural tax canceled,cropping benefit is improving,but still keeps lower compared with industrial crop.Besides rice,sugarcane,pitaya,green bean and cucumber are also dominant crops in Qinzhou.Nevertheless,due to low benefits,the areas of rice and sugarcane are decreasing year by year.

Insufficient agricultural investment and backward infrastructure

Recently,with highlights given to issues of agriculture,farmer and rural area,agricultural investment is increasing,agricultural facilities are growing and agricultural production is improving.Generally speaking,however,the investment of agricultural infrastructure is still inadequate and agricultural resistance of natural disasters maintains lower,which prevents agriculture development,rural advancement and farmers’ incomes from increasing.

Most water conservancy facilities are constructed during the Cultural Revolution period,with low standard and incomplete supporting facility.What’s worse,earth canals scatter extensively,with leakage problem,and Qinzhou is hilly region,with more slopes and few flatlands.On the other hand,farmers here live in a dispersed way,and the construction of infrastructure is always lower in rural areas[1].

Inadequate agricultural S&T innovation and promotion

The improvement of modern agricultural products and quality is on basis of modern agricultural S&T which provides sophisticated production technology for agriculture and accelerates input/output process of agricultural production.Therefore,it is necessary for Qinzhou to develop modern agriculture depending on modern agricultural S&T.In contrast,the agricultural supporting and servicing system is not so perfect in Qinzhou presently and the introduction,cultivation and plant protection technology of good species are inadequate,resulting from inefficiency of agricultural S&T innovative talents,poor innovation capacity,short of promotion funds,low fiscal investment efficiency,and backward scientific research condition.

Low industrial organization degrees,incomplete agricultural industry chain,and poor resistance to market risks

Acomplete agricultural industry chain is unavailable in Qinzhou,so that it is hardly for traditional agricultural production to change into modern and multi-function agricultural industrialization.Specifically,a complete modern agricultural industry chain includes promotion of agricultural information of production front,namely,to obtain supply&demand information of agricultural products and predict future prices of the products by market survey,the integration of agricultural producers’ cooperation,family farm and agricultural corporation,as well as further processing and marketing of harvested agricultural products.

Currently,agriculture is dominated by self-cultivation of farmers themselves,which cannot avoid market risks well.Meanwhile,large-scale processing industries of agricultural product are few,and more are household workshops,making it difficult for further processing of agricultural products[2].

Backward agricultural manpower resources development in rural areas

Agricultural technicians mainly includes persons engaging in agricultural scientific research in Qinzhou University and Qinnzhou Institute of Agricultural Science,marketing staffs of agricultural technology mainly in Qinzhou Agricultural Extension Station and Qinzhou Institute of Agricultural Science,and adopters of agricultural S&T fruits,namely,peasants and farmers[3].For example,in developed countries or regions,such as Europe and the US,there are about 8 agrotechnicians every 2000 agricultural population,and just one in China.It is clear that agricultural highly-competent people are few in China,resulting in backward scientific research and S&T promotions.For agricultural production in China,the contribution made by S&T is 20% lower compared with advanced countries.At present,extensive economy is still popular in some areas,leading to energy waste.

In Qinzhou,most young people choose to be migrant workers in cities,and only the old and children are left in rural areas.Given that agro-technicians go to promote agricultural science and technology,it is hard for the technology to be grasped or applied.

Countermeasures for Developing Modern Agriculture in Qinzhou

To determine characteristic agricultural products and rationally formulate agricultural plan

Agricultural specialty in Qinzhou covers sea duck’s egg,cucumber,pitaya,and litchi,but the number of the vegetable is limited,without brands.To well develop agricultural specialty requires efforts of different departments and well-arranged plan.At first,it is necessary to fully develop the potential and formulate scientific development plan based on natural resources and cultivation habits of different counties,and adjustment of agricultural structure.Secondly,it is important to intensify cooperation of Bureaus of Agriculture and Forestry,Oceanic Administration,Housing and Urban-rural Development,Water Authority,Bureau of Land and Resources,Communication Bureau,and Investment Promotion Bureau in terms of land use,reclamation,irrigation and drainage,infrastructure of rural roads,technology guidance of agricultural production,contingency plan,packaging of agricultural products,brand management and marketing,and financial services to promote agricultural sustainable development.Finally,it is of significance to prepare promotions and highlight characteristic agriculture to advance development of modern agriculture[4].

To intensify agricultural S&T innovation,training and on-site guidance

To intensify introduction of new species and research of corresponding cultivation technologyIt is necessary to further strengthen introduction of crops and mariculture and select high-yielding and stableyield new species adapting to Qinzhou,and hybridization is also recommended if permits.At the sametime,it is crucial to reinforce cooperation of Qinzhou University,Qinzhou Institute of Agricultural Science,Qinzhou Institute of Forestry,agriculture schools and agricultural leading enterprises to integrate production,study and research and carry out exploration on corresponding technology of highly-qualified species in order to improve agricultural S&T in Qinzhou[5].

To strengthen construction of modern agricultural productionIt is recommended to formulate a suitable modern high-value and low-carbon agricultural production plan in Qinzhou,with references of agricultural quality management system,green agriculture production standard,and productions from our country or other provinces or cities to further improve quality safety standardized system of agricultural products and implement standardized production in advanced regions.Meanwhile,monitoring system should be improved in terms of hygiene and environment protection,to establish agricultural product quality inspection stations and promote characteristic modern agriculture of Qinzhou.

To improve training of new technology among farmersIt is of necessity to conduct training among farmers and even agro-technicians,involving modern low-carbon agriculture,high-value agriculture,green agriculture,ecological agriculture,leisure agriculture,and facility agriculture.What’s more,it is important to improve multi-layer training system of"city-county (district)-village and townvillage-household” for talents and Qinzhou Manpower Resource Department should supply training funds and encourage agricultural institutes or cooperatives to undertake related training,such as training class,lecture,onsite training and demonstration to make full use of agricultural enterprises and intensify technology training among farmers[6].

Cultivation and brand strategy of agricultural leading enterprises

To establish characteristic leading enterprisesLeading enterprises play a key role in advancing modern agricultural industrialization.On basis of leading enterprises,it is suggested to establish large-scale pitaya production-processing bases or sea duck’s egg agricultural cooperatives to guide farming households taking part of the organization,formulating "basecorporation-cooperative-farming household".On the other hand,governments should provide supports in terms of financing methods and policies to guarantee abundant capital[7].

To establish brands and empower agricultural enterprise strategyThe price of agricultural products is significantly affected by market,and with large price fluctuations,it is effective to establish brands.At first,it is necessary to establish the concept of empowering enterprise,and guide leading enterprises to make use of modern technology under principle of ecological agriculture,in order to improve yield and quality of agricultural products and meet markets’demands of characteristic agricultural products.Secondly,in terms of further processing of agricultural products,it is crucial to introduce foreign advanced science and technology,produce high additional-value characteristic products,and establish local brands for promoting sustainable development of modern agriculture of Beibu Gulf.

To establish prevention system of agricultural disasters

To improve monitoring and warning capacity of meteorological disasters,such as typhoonSome measures can be taken to improve monitoring and warning capacity of meteorological disasters,including to reinforce observation network of meteorological disasters,especially of transportation roads,such as highway and high-speed railway,key electric transmission line,oil pipeline,water conservancy project,economic development zone,and tourist area,to improve prediction and warning of meteorological disasters,and highlight warning service system of typhoon,rainstorm,debris flow,gale and thunderstorm,and conduct risk assessment of meteorological disasters to inspect the type,frequency and strength of different disasters,as well as loss,formulating meteorological disaster information system.

To reinforce meteorological disaster warning information

The warning information of meteorological disaster should be released timely for mobilization of disaster prevention through news,QQ,message,broadcasting,TV,and internet.

Timely control of agricultural disastersAs for large-scale agricultural disaster,prevention should dominate and other preparation work should be made,also.For example,vegetables and fruits should be harvested on time to reduce economic costs; ditches should be dredge timely to discharge hydrops and reduce flooding time;vegetables should be sprayed with pesticides to control diseases or insects; water and fertilizer should be managed to restore crop growth; if loss has caused,new crops should be sown.

To develop agricultural eco-tourism

With industry-oriented,agricultural eco-tourism should be developed well in Qinzhou,which is a trend in developed regions,to improve farmer’s incomes and advance agricultural sustainable development.In addition,some points should be paid attention to.Firstly,it is key to strengthen protection on resources of agricultural eco-tourism and control adverse effects of eco-tourism on agriculture to establish environment-friendly agricultural tourism.Secondly,it is recommended to formulate related policies to improve the resources and standardize development of tourism resources.Thirdly,it is of significance to develop agricultural tourism resources in a scientific way,create characteristics,and enrich tourism products,to develop a project integrating agricultural ecology,scientific research and eco-tourism.Finally,College of Resources and Environment of Qinzhou University could provide training for staffs engaging in agricultural eco-tourism and formulate training schemes for cultivating tourism professionals to improve agricultural services as a whole[9-10].

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