Problems and Significance of Land Consolidation Projects Quality and Countermeasures

Jing WANG, Jichang HAN, Yang ZHANG, Yang WEI

1. Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China;

2. Shaanxi Land Construction Group Land Engineering Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710075, China；

3. Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China

According to Bulletin of China Land and Resources in 2013,the area of farmland reaches 135 133 333 hm2nationwide[1].However,the results of Second National Land Survey, although the number of land meets the demand of 120 333 333 hm2, land quality is not so satisfied, for land pollution is serious and land reserve is insufficient.

It is notable that land consolidation would not only increase farmland area, but also improved farmland quality. Hence, it is important to conduct land consolidation for accomplishing management of both number and quality of farmlands available and guarantee national crop safety. Nevertheless,in some areas,more attention is paid to the number, and farmland quality is usually ignored in program of land consolidation. What’s worse, the phenomenon of occupying highly-qualified farmlands is quite common, resulting in extensive poor farmlands. In practice,the problem of hidden disappearance of farmlands, namely, deteriorating of farmlands,is generally neglected, posing threats to farmland protection[2-3].

In 2014, land consolidation drew attention from central government and highlights were given to land consolidation and construction of highly-qualified farmlands in different conferences and sites, especially for quality of added farmlands. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to land consolidation and improve quality of supplementary farmlands.

高中化学知识不是孤立的存在，而是先后衔接，具有一定的逻辑性，教师可以将与新知有关的知识制作成微课，让学生课前预习的时候进行观看，这样既能帮助学生巩固旧知识，引出新知识，也能激发学生兴趣，顺利导入新知识的学习.比如在学习“混合物的分离与提纯”之前，教师可以将学生初中学过的过滤、蒸发相关内容做成微课，让学生预习的时候将已经掌握的知识进行回顾，从而引出混合物的分离与提纯的一般方法，为萃取和蒸馏的学习做好铺垫，激发了学生对新知识探究的兴趣.

马克思主义认为，社会作为一个有机体是由多个子系统集成的，社会整体观要求我们看到整体联动的优越性，要求我们确立整体大于部分观念。习近平指出，共产党人的初心就是为了实现人民的根本利益，就是要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，这也是对社会各子系统运行的总规范。具体说来要把握好以下三个理念：

Importance of Quality of Land Consolidation Program

Guarantee of program quality for farmland protection and crop safety

Although with lots of capitals invested, land engineering research started later, and a systematic theory and technology is unavailable. Therefore,it is necessary for land consolidation industry to strengthen public infrastructure and technology research and highlight science and technology innovation.

On one hand,the position held by land science is not widely accepted[9],and it becomes urgent to construct land engineering theory and science in order to promote the importance of land projects, to cultivate inter-disciplinary talent through training and to allow technicians and managers to learn engineering experience. On the other hand,it is necessary to transfer staffs’concern from self benefits to program quality by formulating the management system of responsibility, rights and benefits to gradually shape competition system and rewards and punishments system.

Precondition of program quality for maintaining farmer’s benefits, promoting social stability and harmony

It is known that farmlands are crucial for farmers. Hence, scientific and rational design of land consolidation program would not only change abandoned lands to fertile lands, but also construct modern agricultural farmlands characterized by squared farmlands, lined road, net-oriented forests,connected channels, standardized farmlands, professional production,mechanized operation and agricultural standard, which integrates land engineering with modern agriculture development and new countryside construction, and improves agricultural production, crop yield, farmer’s incomes, advancing regional sustainable development[4].

For example,Shaanxi Land Construction Group conducted research on mixed soils of soft rock and sands with different proportions and carried out experimental planting in Fuping County and Yuyang demonstration zones, with progress made. Hence, a new model formulates of land comprehensive consolidation and use characterized by high-standard farmland construction and modernized management, changing 4 667 hm2sandy lands into fertile lands, besides increasing farmlands, fixing sands, renovating environment, and accelerating development of eco-agriculture[7-8].

Program quality laying foundation for protecting eco-environment and guaranteeing land engineering sustainable development

Ecological safety lays foundation for human civilization and sustainable development, as well as constructing beautiful China. Xi Jinping, General Secretary, gives emphasis on the importance of conserving and improving eco-environment in terms of protecting productivity, and we can not develop economy at the expense of the environment. Hence, the red line of farmland quality can be considered as ecological red line.

To certain extent, land consolidation program disturbs original land ecosystem,but programs that are scientifically designed and supported by advanced technology, would improve eco-environment, besides increase land area and enhance land quality[5-6].

Program quality as a lifeline of existence and development of land consolidation industry

Quality is a lifeline of land engineering, which concerns rational use of national lands and existence and development of the industry. Nevertheless, some enterprises aims at making profits from land consolidation program, so that economic profits become the major consideration, and program quality will be ignored, which would affects adaptability and investment effects of the program,as well as the reputation of land consolidation industry. Hence, quality should be a priority in land consolidation program.It is necessary to recognize the responsibility of improving program quality and well implement a program to guarantee quality of land program and sustainable development of land consolidation industry.

The Way of Improving Quality of Land Consolidation Program

To intensify research on public infrastructure and Science Technology innovation

With development of urban construction and attention paid to farmland resources, the scale of land engineering is extending recently. In 2013,the capitals from our nation for land consolidated reached 44.264 billion yuan and totaling 20 500 projects were checked, with an area of 2.401 0 million hm2[1]. Based on such huge pro jects and investments, it can be concluded that national lands,and investments of labor, materials and capitals would lose if problems occur, such as excessive pursuit of farmland area,and compensation with poor farm-lands for occupied highly-qualified farmlands. Similarly, with just consideration of the number of farmlands,crop safety would be under severe threats. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee safety of national crop and quality of land consolidation program.

What’s more, the targets and responsibility of implementing farmland quality should be put into practice strictly by way of incorporate highstandard farmland construction, compensation of farmland quality survey,assessment, and quality objective responsibility system into examination and assessment system of provincial Party committee and governments and to link up the implementation of land quality responsibility objectives with distribution of construction land quota and land consolidation program arrangement to improve the activity in enhancing farmland quality.

水力压裂技术可以使煤层与煤层之间的缝隙增大，增加煤层之间的透气性，使煤层的空间变得更加畅通，便于瓦斯的流动，减少瓦斯因为浓度不同而出现涌出的现象发生。水力压裂技术不仅能够使煤层的通透性增加，还能降低瓦斯安全事故的发生率，保证了煤矿开采人员的安全。

However, if original lands are destroyed,and crop yield reduces due to ignoring of land consolidation quality and management, land consolidation program will not return farmlands to farmers.Instead,farmer’s benefits will be threatened, deteriorating conflict between farmers and government,which is adverse for long-term and stable development of rural society.

To improve standards of the industry and implement quality objective responsibility system

During the process of land consolidation program, related departments should well implement the construction procedures of a program,improve monitoring system, and create monitoring methods to allow a whole-process monitoring involving designing, constructing, monitoring and completion of works, which would guarantee quality of a program.

At first, carry out related scientific research,determine scientific research topic, and tackle the key research projects, such as cultivating soil fertility, fixing sands, and improving soils.Secondly, it is crucial to extend new methods, technologies, materials and equipments in construction sites to improve technology and quality of land consolidation by S&T innovations. Finally, it is necessary to construct land consolidation comprehensive integration technology system and transform scientific research achievements into practices to enhance program quality.

To strengthen talent team construction and improve quality recognition

Humans are creators of quality aswell as the performers. It is necessary to intensify talent team construction to guarantee quality of land consolidation program, for only when activity, creativity, and responsibility of people are provided could quality of land consolidation program be guaranteed.

家长树立科学的亲子阅读观是提升亲子阅读价值的前提条件，学校可以邀请阅读专家进校，为家长提供科学的亲子阅读理念，指导家长如何进行亲子阅读，以及真正理解亲子阅读的内涵与价值。学校可专门设置亲子阅读区域，把优秀的家教读本推荐给家长，供家长和孩子一起阅读。通过家校合作，让家长深刻体会到优质的亲子阅读活动应该是父母不断激发孩子的阅读兴趣，丰富孩子的阅读体验，给孩子提供观察、提问、思考和表达的机会，并和孩子展开交流与探讨，丰富他们的思想情感，锻炼语言及思维能力，增进家长与孩子的亲子关系，让孩子在亲子阅读过程中感受关爱，体验快乐。

To focus on monitoring and management of program quality and establish long-term quality system

The management of quality is indispensible for improving program quality. Specifically, with consideration of national standards and industrial standard,it is of necessity to formulate farmland quality standard, planning standard, technology standard, and implementation standard and to design specific and feasible examination index and specifications from the perspective to quality management, to form the management centered by quality.For example,recently,different provinces or cities formulate Quality Standard of Newly Added Farmlands of Land Consolidation Program according to local nature and environment,proposing problems in land consolidation, such as ignoring eco-environment and village cultural diversity and intensifying standards in planning,designing, implementing, constructing and management.

However, the achievements of quality of land consolidation program take a long term,which requires insistence. Currently, many programs of land consolidation lack restriction system, which can be concluded as focusing on construction and ignoring maintenance. As a result, the consolidated farmlands would be left uncultivated without subsequent maintenance,and program profits in later period are hardly to be accomplished.Hence, it is of necessity to guarantee follow-up management and establish a long-term system of program quality.After acceptance check, the program should be submitted to rural primarylevel organization and Ministry of Land and Resources should strictly conduct monitoring on consolidated lands, and list related organizations into a blacklist once the management is found poor.At the same time,should intensify cooperation with Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources to guarantee follow-up management of supplementary cultivated land.

Conclusions

Since the 18thCPC National Congress, Xi Jinping, General Secretary, always emphasizes to defend farmland “red line”,including number and quality.The Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Water Resources also propose to advance protection and improvement of farmland quality, and target improving productivity for requisition-compensation balance in order to improve farmland quality management and lay foundation for crop and agricultural production.

With consideration of the change from excessive pursuit of number to the balance of both number and quality,it is both a challenge and an opportunity to construct a new quality system for land consolidation industry.The industry, therefore, should grasp the opportunity to improve quality of land consolidation program and protect farmland red lines and crop safety in order to guarantee agricultural sustainable development and advance social stability and harmony.

The parameters used in the computational process are as follows[26]: nr = 3.2, Γ = 1/0.14 ps, and I = 4 MW/cm2, the others needed are shown in Table 1.

玉米倒伏病害的防治除了合理种植，还要根据不同玉米品种的差别安排玉米种植密度，同时也要注意钾、氮及磷肥的合理使用，根据当地土地的情况进行适当的补给。此外，为了预防在玉米拔节后氮肥量施加过多，可以将其分为苗期、穗期2次追肥。通过在玉米拔节后期采取一定措施可以有效防治玉米倒伏，在玉米拔节后期也要注意中耕培土的实施，促进玉米根部发育，从而提升玉米植株抗倒伏能力；在玉米拔节后期可以进行植物生长抑制剂的喷施，控制玉米植株高度。

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