Ideas and Recommendations for Development of GauriGvong Phyllanthus embica Linn Industry

Wenhua FU

Forestry Bureau of Longyang District in Baoshan City，Baoshan 678000，China

Phyllanthus emblica Linn isa common plant and fruit.It is a common ingredient of many traditional and herbal medicines.It is also known as emblic，emblic myrobalan，myrobalan，Indian gooseberry，Malacca tree，or amla from Sanskrit a malika，is a deciduous tree of the familyPhyllanthaceae.It is known for its edible fruit of the same name.Phyllanthus emblica Linnis fine variety domesticated by Lujiang Town farmers in Longyang District through many years.It is characterized by long life cycle，drought resistance，high water holding capacity，soil reinforcement，rapid growth and fruiting，bumper and stable yield，high ability of sprouting，and excellent greening effect.It is one of varieties with highest ecological and economic benefits in dry-hot valley regions.It is important medicinal and edible plant resource.Its juice is unique and nutritious.The edible rate is up to 84.1%.The pulp contains Vc4.7mg，total sugar 5.07%，total acid 2.28%，water content 2.28%，amino acid and trace element.After processing，the Vc retention is up to 72%，much higher than other fruits and vegetables.In 1990，Phyllanthus emblica Linnis included into theChinese Pharmacopoeia.Its fruit can be used as medicine，have function of clearing heat and relieving sore throat，good for stomach，promote digestion to eliminate stagnation，antidiarrheic，protect liver and neutralize the toxic effect of alcohol，anti-ageing，antibacterial，eliminate inflammation，reduce fat，reduce blood and skin care.Based on health care function of rich nutritious components in Phyllanthus emblica Linn，the WHO has designated it as one of the three health-care plant varieties to be widely planted in the world.In 1998，the Ministry of Public Health listed it intoCatalogue of Foods and Medicines Homology.Developing Phyllanthus emblica Linn industry plays a significant role in building beautiful Longyang，ecological Longyang，and increasing income of farmers.

1 Generation situations and development strength of Phyllanthus emblica Linn industry

1.1 General situations of Phyllanthus emblica Linn industry

1.1.1 Area and distribution.Longyang District started developing Phyllanthus emblica Linn industry in 2012.By 2014，the planting area has reached 3666.66 hm2，distributed in dry-hot valley regions of Nujiang River and Lancang River.Yangliu Township planted 1029.8 hm2accounting for 28.1%；Lujiang Town 827.53 hm2accounting for 22.6%；Mangkuan Township planted 474.67 hm2accounting for 12.9%；Pupiao Town planted 431.87 hm2accounting for11.8%；Wafang Township planted 333.33 hm2accounting for 9.1%；Wayao Town planted 213.33 hm2accounting for 5.8%；Bingma Township planted 156.13hm2accounting for4.3%；Wama Township planted 133.33 hm2accounting for3.6%；Shuizhai Township planted 66.67 hm2accounting for 1.8%.The fruit area reached 8 hm2.In 2014，the yield reached 20 tons and output value reached 140000 yuan.

1.1.2 Fine variety determination and seed sprout supply capacity.In 2013，Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnwas approved by Yunnan Provincial Fine Seedlings Committee as Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.In Longyang District，there are5 enterprises producing Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnseedlings，the seedling growing area is 11.2 hm2，mainly distributed in Lujiang Town，Pupiao Town and Mangkuan Township，and annual seedling capacity up to 10 million plants.In 2014，it cultivated 9.8million seedlings，including5.5million grafting seedlingsand 4 million seedlings，the value is up to 18.9 million yuan.

1.1.3 Construction of socialized service development system.Since Longyang District started developing Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，Longyang District actively encouraged large households to plantPhyllanthus embica Linn，and valued development of cooperatives.By the end of 2014，the planting area of large household reached 139.07 hm2accounting for3.8%of total area in the whole district.The area entering first fruit appearing period reached 28.4 hm2，accounting for 20.4%of large household planting area；the area entering the best fruiting period reached 8 hm2，accounting for 5.8%of large household planting area.Mangliu Village in Lujiang Town established YangshengPhyllanthus embica LinnCooperative to carry out pre-production，in-production and post-production services ofPhyllanthus embica Linn.It is expected to promote large households to developPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry.

1.2 Strength in development

1.2.1 Early start and sufficient technological reserve.Longyang District is the earliest district developing GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry in Baoshan City.In the process of cultivation and planting，it has accumulated rich experience，cultivated a number of farmer technicians and highly skilled middle-and-highranking forest and fruit technicians，the district has cultivated a good many self-taught expert，so the industrial development has sufficient technological preparation.

1.2.2 High quality and high market competitiveness.Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnplanted in Longyang District features big fruit with average single fruit4 times the local wild fructus phyllanthi，mildly sour and astringent，little coarse fiber，and much juice and tender tissue.Compared with other popular varieties，GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linnhas high performance of bumper，high resistance，excellent taste，high quality，and late mature period.According to wholesale price in Longyang District and Dehong Prefecture market，the wholesale price of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnis 6-11 yuan／kg，and Guangxi Phyllanthus emblica has wholesale price is 5-7 yuan／kg.Market competitiveness of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnis obviously higher than Guangxi Phyllanthus emblica.

1.2.3 High value of cultivation and rapid effect of promoting increase of farmers' income.Grafted seedlings will fruit in three years after field planting，enter the high-yield period in 5 years，the yield is up to 1 ton permu，and output value permu is higher than 6000 yuan，showing rapid effect of promoting increase of farmers' income.

1.2.4 Wide application and broad market prospect.Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnproducts are widely applied and can be used for developing Aini tablets，and applied in candied fruit，fruitwine，sweets，and drinks，and health foods.According to incomplete statistics，at present，there are 11 pharmaceutical enterprises such as Taiji Group and Yunnan Baiyao Group Co.，Ltd producingPhyllanthus embica Linntablets，and 20 enterprises producePhyllanthus embica Linnproducts.At present，Yunnan Province still has not established raw material production base，raw materials are in short supply and market prospect is broad.

1.2.5 Suitable land resource.Dry-hot valley regions with 800-1500 m altitude in Nujiang River and Lancang River are areas suitable for growth of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.The suitable area is up to 34133.3 hm2.

1.2.6 Favorable policy environment.Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnhas high economic benefits and ecological benefits.It is ideal tree for waste mountain developing local characteristic forest and fruit industry in dry-hot valley regions.In recent years，the province，city and district attach great importance to development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnand list it into key support projects.In order to promote development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，Longyang District People's Government issued Opinions about Construction of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica LinnIndustry in 2014，providing favorable policy environment for development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry.

2 Existing problems

2.1 Little attention of leadersBy now，there is still no leading group for GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry and it lacks powerful organization and leadership.Leaders of most towns and townships lack common understanding of this industry，fail to take it as an essential work for promoting increase of farmers' income，fail to carry out effective guidance and propaganda，and have weak industrial awareness.Besides，farmers are notenthusiastic for planting Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.

2.2 Few improved varietiesIn two years ago，Phyllanthus embica Linnindustry developed rapidly.However，the grafting seedlings are scarce.In addition to limited support funds，new area ofPhyllanthus embica Linnplanting is mainly seedlings，to reduce production cost.There are few improved varieties of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.This greatly dampens planting enthusiasm of farmers and influences development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry to a certain extent.

2.3 Weak support for productionIn recent years，Longyang District mainly relied on projects of conceding the land to forestry，shelter forest，state afforestation subsidies，and deserted mountain afforestation，and industrial poverty alleviation to develop Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry.The support criteria is as low as1800-4500 yuan／hm2.This only satisfies funds for current year seedlings and cultivation，but not for base manure，topdressing，prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests，and fostering management at later stage.As a result，the planting quality is not high，industrial development is not provided with working funds.Besides，township leaders attach little importance to development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，which influences the industrial quality.

2.4 Extensive overall management levelMost farmer households are weak in awareness of science and technology.They take extensive management in newly planted Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.At later stage，the grafting，intertillage，fostering，fertilizer application，and pruning are not in place，which restricts development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry to a certain extent.

2.5 Lagging of marketing，fresh keeping storage，and processing research worksGrafted seedlings will fruit in three years after field planting，enter the high-yield period in 5 years，the yield of 3666.67hm2Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnin Longyang District is up to 14000 tons in three years.However，there is still no research work related to marketing，fresh keepingstorage，and processing.Once fresh fruit of Phyllanthus embica Linncome into market in enormous quantities，farmers will suffer a great loss if there is no proper marketing and processing channels leading to surplus fruit.

3 Development ideas and objectives

3.1 Development ideasIt is recommended to carefully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC，orient towards market，focus on benefit，rely on resource，take science and technology as guidance，take innovation as driver，and take building ecological civilized and beautiful Longyang as objectives，to make industrial structure adjustment.Besides，it is recommended to implement multi-level，diversified development，intensive production，improve quality，transform management mechanism，give prominence to processing，strengthen marketing，and realize integrated agriculture，industry and trade system，promote industrialization，boost competitiveness，and improve the overall quality and benefit.

3.2 Development objectivesBy 2016，it is expected to build 8000 hm2raw material base of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，and realize annual fresh fruit yield up to 240000 tons and agricultural output value of 600 million yuan after reaching the best fruiting period.It is recommended to apply origin geographic identification certification of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，build famous，excellent and special brand of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，and make effort to build Longyang District into the hometown of China's Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.

4 R ecommendations for industrial development

4.1 Strengthening leadership and boosting Gauri Gvong Phyllanthus embica Linn industryGauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry of Longyang District ranks the first place in the whole Yunnan Province.It is an industry with comparative advantages.Therefore，township government should fully realize importance of developing Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，strengthen industry awareness，incorporate this project into agenda，conduct propaganda and guidance work，and improve enthusiasm of farmers for plantingPhyllanthus embica Linn，to attract more farmers to voluntarily engage in construction of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry.Longyang District government should set up leading group for Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，carry out leadership and coordination of industrial development，and further strengthen Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，to make resource advantage become economic advantage.

4.2 Accelerating variety improving work and promoting industrial qualityTownships and towns should raise funds，organize specialized grafting construction team to carry out grafting work for seedlings planted two years ago，to make this industry become an industry really helping farmers to become rich and increasing their income.In this process，township forestry department should provide technological services and collect information for specialized grafting team.

4.3 Increasing input and strengthening supportIt is recommended to establish diversified investment mechanism.The district finance should arrange special funds for supporting development of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，and arrange certain working funds for policy propaganda，planning and design，and inspection and acceptance，to ensure the financial subsidies not lower than 600 yuan／mu.It is recommended to actively guide and encourage industrial and commercial capital and private capital to enter Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry，and provide great credit support for base construction，large planting households，and intermediaries.

4.4 Reasonable planning and large-scale developmentIt is recommended to stick to the principle of＂suiting measures to local conditions and planting trees in suitable areas＂，select proper regions，make overall planning，planting in large area，development on large scale，extend fine seedlings and strictly comply with technical requirements，to reach the purpose of intensive management.For example，key areas can be distributed in Lujiang Town，Mangkuan Township，Yangliu Township，Wafang Township，Wama Township，Wayao Township，and Shuizhai Township.

4.5 Strengthening science and technology training to raise p lanting levelForestry department should strengthen science and technology training，carry out extension of bumper cultivation technologies，experiment and demonstration for GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，guide farmers to carry out subsequent management of new seedling grafting，pruning，intertillage and fostering，to raise planting management level of farmers.In addition，it is recommended to further establish and improve science and technology service network in planting areas，set up Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linnindustry association，enhance extension of market information and technologies，select suitable areas to cultivate key and specialized villages for production of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.At present，it is recommended to focus on Lujiang Town Conggang Village and Mangliu Village model villages，to promote surrounding villages and farmers to strengthen thePhyllanthus embica Linnindustry.

4.6 M aking active preparation and gradually promoting construction of storage and fresh keeping hardware facilitiesThe construction scale of base of GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linnin Longyang District is basically established.To realize standardized，healthy，sustainable and stable development，it is recommended to build fruit pretreatment center，fresh keeping warehouse，cold storage，and consider future deep processing.In the period of thirteenth five-year plan period，financial support funds for agriculture should mainly support one or two leading enterprises.These enterprises should provide pre-production，inproduction and post-production services for Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，introduce foreign advanced fresh keeping，processing equipment and technologies，effectively provide high qual-ity fresh fruit for customers，adjust supply of products in dull and busy seasons，extend the industrial chain，increase added value of products，improve quality of Gauri Gvong Phyllanthus embica Linn，increase income and ability of planting farmers.

4.7 Establishing fine brand of Gauri Gvong Phyllanthus embica Linn and extending the marketIt is recommended to actively carry out geographical identification and origin certification trademark certification of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，protect and strengthen variety resources of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，and enhance the intellectual property right protection of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn.It is recommended to combine tourism development of Gauri Gvong，fully explore ecological and cultural resources of Gauri GvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，build ecological，cultural and tourism brands of GauriGvongPhyllanthus embica Linn，extend market，and enrich tourism culture and tourist industry of GauriGvong.

［1］Longyang District Forestry Bureau.The construction planning of 12×104mu Gaoligong Mountain olive industrial base in Longyang District［Z］.2014.（in Chinese）.

［2］Longyang District People's Government.Opinions on the implementation of the construction of Gaoligong Mountain olive industrial base by Longyang District People's Government［Z］.2014.（in Chinese）.

［3］Baoshan City Forestry Bureau.Baoshan Forestry Technology Promotion Station.Early-maturing and high-yield cultivation techniques of Phyllanthus emblica Linn.［Z］.（in Chinese）.