新中国城公园，波士顿，美国

景观设计：俞孔坚/土人设计，比尔·泰勒/CRJA事务所

新中国城公园，波士顿，美国

景观设计：俞孔坚/土人设计，比尔·泰勒/CRJA事务所

美国波士顿的交通问题世界著名。为此，马萨诸塞州公路管理局设计了一个大型、昂贵的解决方案，称为中央干道/隧道工程，俗称“大开挖”。大开挖腾退出了超过121hm2的景观和开放空间，包括约45个公园和主要公共广场。唐人街项目是这些公园之一。

土人设计与位于波士顿的卡罗·约翰逊公司（CRJA事务所）联合，提出将中国城公园建成一个公共活动中心和演艺场所。这一想法的灵感源于传统中国村落的村口广场、中国移民前往波士顿的航程故事，以及人们对这一小片城市区域的使用需求。5个竹林屏风框出了一扇象征着传统中国村落入口的大门，每道竹林屏风由红色脚手架框限。竹林屏风同时也营造出进深感，扩大了空间。一个跌瀑，一道流水，营造静谧的氛围，并在夏季降低周围环境的温度。另外，水流象征中国村落里的溪涧,配置原产于中国的植物，中国红的使用更是对场地文化特点的阐述。

竹林屏风的另一端，豁然开朗，是一个开放空间，一个容纳不同需求并随之变化的城市“展区”。这一空间适用于节庆活动，如新年、元宵的舞龙等；同时，适宜于居民每日、每周和季节性的需求。唐人街公园使得场地从一个荒凉危险的地区转变成一个当地人聚会的热闹场所。

在西方国家，典型的“中国城”标识往往被理解为盖着琉璃瓦的门楼和凉亭。这个新唐人街公园避免了上述陈词滥调，让中国的文化以现代的设计语言，通过全新的身份出现，同时展示传统思想的精髓。正如哈佛大学城市设计教授阿列克斯·克里格尔指出，“这小小的城市绿洲，是对中国传统园林的现代诠释，让人们在城市的广阔和喧嚣中能体会到一丝恬静的美丽”。[1]

当地媒体报道广泛的赞誉和居民普遍的积极反响可以证明，新的中国城公园的建成，彻底改变了中国城门外“脏、乱、差”和不安全的印象，成为一个赋有中国和亚洲文化特色、同时不乏时代特色的景观；公园增强了社区的归属感和认同感；同时，新公园成为波士顿的一处新景观，已被当地旅游部门推荐为波士顿的亮点工程；公园的设计探索了用新的、当代的景观语言来表达“唐人街”的方式，将异国他乡的“中国”，带入当代的新世界。

1 外景/Exterior view

2 总平面/Site plan

Boston, Massachusetts, had a world-class traffic problem. The Massachusetts Turnpike Authority constructed an immense and costly solution, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, called as "The Big Dig." The Big Dig created more than 121 hectares (300 acres) of landscaped and restored open space, including over 45 parks and major public plazas. The Chinatown project is one of these parks.

Turenscape and the Boston-based landscape firm Carol R. Johnson Associates (CRJA) proposed the Chinatown Park as a public space and performance theater. This idea was inspired by the linked concept of the squares at the entrance to traditional Chinese villages, the voyage of the Asian immigrants to Boston, and the active uses of this small urban zone. Five bamboo screens framed within red scaffolds create a gateway that symbolizes the entrance to the traditional Chinese village. The screens also bring a sense of depth to the park, visually enlarging the space. The small waterfall and watercourse create a tranquil atmosphere and cool off the surrounding environment in the summer. The watercourse, emblem of the streams in Chinese villages, is dotted with Chinese native plants on both sides. The use of Chinese red is a reflection of the cultural identity of the place.

The passage along the bamboo screens leads to a bright open space, an urban "exhibition" that constantly changes with various occasions. The space is an ideal venue for events such as the Chinese New Year celebration, dragon dancing and the Lantern Festival etc. The park is designed to meet the daily, weekly, and seasonal needs of the local residents. Chinatown Park has transformed a dangerous and deserted area into a lively place for get-togethers for the local people.

In Western countries, the sign of Chinatown is often interpreted as an archway or pavilion covered with glazed tiles. The new park departs from this cliché. Through the modern design language, it bestows a new image to Chinese culture and displays the essence of Chinese traditional thoughts. As Alex Krieger, Professor of Urban Planning at Harvard, pointed out, "This small oasis presents a modern interpretation of the traditional Chinese garden. It offers a retreat from the expanse and bustle of the adjacent city."[1]

/Reference

[1] Alex Krieger, "Boston's Big Dig," Topos 73 (2010): 68–75.

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: 美国麻省高速公路局，波士顿市政府，波士顿再发展局，波士顿公园与游憩局，波士顿地标委员会/Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (MTA), Boston Municipal Government，Boston Redevelopment Authority，Boston Parks and Recreation Department, Boston Landmarks Commission

方案设计/Schematic Design: 土人设计，CRJA事务所/ Turenscape，CRJA

施工图设计/Construction Drawing: CRJA事务所，土人设计/ CRJA , Turenscape

合作设计/Cooperation: Communication Arts, Inc.；Environmental Graphics Designer, Design Communications Ltd,Chia-Ming Sze Architect, Inc.；Stull & Lee Inc.

主持景观建筑师/Principal Landscape Architects: 俞孔坚，比尔·泰勒/YU Kongjian, Bill Tylor

景观设计团队/Project Team: 黄国平，张蕾，张斌，Tom Doolittle，Jill Ochs Zick, Nancy Stack, Hongbing Tang, Henry G. Bee, Leonard Thomas, John Ward, Carl Okazaki, McKenzie Cordes, Mark Andreasson, Doris Chu, David Le, Chia-Ming Sze

造价/Cost: USD4.5M

面积/Area: 0.41hm2

设计时间/Design Period: 2003.01-2006.10

3 鸟瞰透视/Aerial view perspective

4.5 外景/Exterior view

评论

龙灏： 这是一个令人欣喜的设计。场地是典型的“边角废料”，是不同时期的不同规划和建设的产物，而设计师完美地结合了场地现状轮廓以及“中国城入口”这一特定背景，相当成功地以现代设计语言诠释或再现了传统中国村落入口的仪式感，受到了市民的欢迎。在此，设计师刻意以红色脚手架框限每道竹林屏风，这一类型化的形式语言会否因其过于简单甚至苍白而引起观者的疑惑？

青锋：中国城公园让一个“城”变得完整，它弥补了海外众多中国城中所缺失的重要成分——公共场所。尽管城市广场在传统中国城市中并不多见，但是对于海外的华裔族群，这样的场所对于文化仪式的传承至关重要，一个族群的身份由此定义。就像项目中的其他元素一样，中国城花园表明一种西方化的语汇并非不能接受，中国人的符号远远不如中国人的生活方式更具有生命力。

Comments

LONG Hao: This is a delightful design. The site is a typical "scrap", a product of different planning and construction in different periods. Nevertheless, the architects made a perfect combination of the outline of the site and the particular context of "Entrance to Chinatown". With modern design language, they successfully interpreted or reproduced the sense of ritual of the entrance to Chinese traditional village.The design is welcome by the public. However, the red scaffoldings, which were deliberately set to frame each bamboo screen, might puzzle the viewers because their forms are too simple and seem even pale. QING Feng: The Chinatown Park makes a "town" complete. It makes up for the important element that was missing in many Chinatowns overseasthe public territory. Although public spaces were not common in traditional Chinese cities, in oversea Chinese communities, such places play a key role in the continuation of cultural rites, which define the identity of the community. Together with other elements in this project, the park shows that a westernized landscape language is not a problem at all, the Chinese way of life is much more vital than the Chinese symbols.

Chinatown Park, Boston, USA, 2007

Landscape Architects: YU Kongjian/Turenscape, Bill Tylor/CRJA

6 传统村落水口/Entrance of traditional village