刊首语

刊首语

去年9月，我曾参加在巴塞罗那举办的第8届国际景观双年展（8th International Biennial of Landscape Architecture），在3天的论坛和讨论期间，最重要的议程是评选罗莎-芭芭景观奖（Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize）。11位来自世界各地入围该奖的主持设计师分别登台介绍设计，在此基础上，评委会评选出最终的获胜方案。罗莎-芭芭景观奖只有10余年的历史，最早主要面向加泰罗尼亚地区的设计师，后来成为全欧洲的景观奖，现在已是国际重要的景观奖。

进入21世纪以来，世界范围内涌现出许多新的景观奖，罗莎-芭芭景观奖只是其中之一。10余年以来，由于中国社会的快速发展，每个行业都取得了飞速的提高，评奖成为推动行业繁荣和进步的重要手段，许多风景园林奖应运而生，再加上以往的各种奖项，并且国际上的许多风景园林奖也对中国设计师开放，于是风景园林评奖有些遍地开花之感。

目前世界上有数不胜数的各种风景园林奖，几乎每个国际组织、国家专业学会、地方专业学会，都设有相应的奖项，有些媒体也设有专业奖项。这些奖项设置的目的都是表彰在一定范围内的优秀设计、杰出团队或个人，以此对行业的发展起到示范和激励作用，从而推动行业沿着正确的轨迹发展。

那么什么是杰出设计？哪些设计具有示范作用？谁是杰出设计师？哪些设计师的思想能够引领行业发展？每个奖项由于创立者和组织者价值取向的差异和对景观认识的不同，对评奖中这些关键问题会有不同的答案，这种差异往往会决定一个奖项的价值和影响力。

风景园林实践已渗透到各个领域，设计团队必须具有全面综合的能力，而任何奖项都不可能包罗万象，所以许多奖项都会特别关注作品或设计师在某些方面的突出贡献。有些奖项看重设计师的才智和想象力，有些更关注设计师的责任和解决问题的能力，有些鼓励设计的探索、独特见解和创新，有些注重生态环保和可持续，有些重视作品的艺术品质，有些要历史传承，有些必须挑战固有观念和权威。所以即使是最完善最全面的作品，也不可能囊括所有的奖项，经常是在一个奖项中的获奖作品，而在申请另一个奖项时可能都无法入围。

评奖不仅可以巩固当前一些杰出设计师的领导地位，更会发掘一些新人，促进新生代设计师的成长。获奖作品可以提升知名度，获奖设计师也能扩大影响，从而获得更多的机会，所以报奖是设计师最重要的工作之一，获奖也是设计师最重要的目标之一。

获奖作品或获奖设计师应该也必须是这个奖项所有申请中最为出色的，但是任何奖都是由人来评出的，一些偶然因素在评奖中往往不能回避，评审程序和评奖方式怎样？评委是谁？他们的眼界如何？他们能否慧眼识珠？他们是否客观公正？有否私利？这些都会影响甚至颠覆最终的结果。没有人会否认，换一批评委，最终的评选结果就有可能不同。

这些年我们的设计作品申请过不少国内外风景园林的奖项，有成功也有失败；作为评委，我也参评过一些奖项，最终结果有些与我的投票一致，有些又相差甚远；我还参加过一些风景园林奖项的颁奖典礼，有些获奖作品众望所归，而有些则名不副实；我也实地考察过无数曾经获得过重要奖项的景观作品，有些让我赞叹，也有一些让我极度失望。如果一个奖项没有广泛的参与，评出的获奖作品大多是没有思想，缺少原创，缺乏探索，不能被行业普遍认同的平庸之作，那么这种奖必然会失去示范性和影响力，失去大家的关注，要么不可持续，要么沦为一个小圈子内自娱自乐的游戏。

重要的获奖作品可能对行业产生广泛的示范和引领作用，获奖设计师的思想和观念也可能会极大地影响行业的发展，所以任何奖项的评奖结果都极为重要。只有通过纯粹的专业性评选出最出色的设计作品和设计师，才能让一个奖项具有广泛的权威性和良好的口碑，并以其主导的价值观正面地引导行业发展，前面提到的罗莎-芭芭景观奖之所以能在10年间从一个地区的奖项成长为一个具有广泛影响的世界级奖项，正是由于每一届罗莎-芭芭景观奖都评出了最杰出的作品。

2015年，中国勘察设计协会园林与景观设计分会新设立了“计成奖”，本期《风景园林》选登部分获奖作品，希望“计成奖”也能够成为引领行业发展的重要奖项。

PREFACE

Last September， I attended the 8th International Biennial of Landscape Architecture in Barcelona. We decided on the Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize through three days discussion. There were eleven chief designers from all over the world presenting their works， and then the jury selected the final winning work. Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize is more than 10 years of history. Initially， it only focused on the designers of the Catalonia region and gradually became a landscape award over Europe. Now， it is a global significant landscape award.

Since the 21st century， various landscape awards have sprung up around the world， Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize is one of them. In the ten years， with rapid development of China，every industry grows fast. Providing a prize becomes an important mean to promote the progress of industry， so it is with landscape architecture. Moreover， some international landscape prizes are also open to Chinese designers. In this way， quite a lot landscape architecture awards suddenly appear in China.

Currently， almost each international organization， each national professional association or local specialist association grant their own awards， even the media also has professional awards. Setting award aims to recognize excellent design， the outstanding team or individuals in a particular field. Award plays the role of a model and demonstrates the development of the industry.

What is the excellent design？ How to be a model let others learn and for reference？ Who is the outstanding designer， and how to lead the industry for further development？ For the judges， the value orientation differences and the understanding differences towards the landscape always easily result in the different answers to these questions， which finally determine the influences and the value of the award.

Landscape architecture project would relate with many fields. It requires the design team have a more comprehensive ability，but it still cannot be all-encompassing for any of awards. That's why we provide a prize awarded normally for one very special advantage or reward the outstanding contributions made by someone. For example， some awards given to who is ingenious and creative thinking； some require problem solving skills； some should emphasize eco-friendly design and its sustainability； and some only focus on aesthetics and artistic characters of the work. It is impossible for one design work to include all of the awards. Often you gain this， but lose another prize.

Providing a prize would consolidate the current designer's leadership and discover new talents to promote the growth of new generation designers. Besides， award-winning designers would win influences and more job opportunities， and help its works improve recognition. Thus， attending competitions and winning the award are crucial for all the designers to improve themselves.

Absolutely， the award-winning work and its designer should be and must be the best among groups. However， the winner work is still chosen and decided by human. More exactly， is approval and assessment procedure very reasonable？ Are all the judges eligible，and really objective and fair？ All the issues mentioned would affect the result. No one would deny that， the final result could be different if we change a new jury.

To be honest， I have attended many landscape competitions. Some of our team-works win and some fail. I am also honored to be judge in many Landscape Awards. In some case， the awardwinning work is exactly what I decide but sometimes the result also surprises me much. To brief， if an award is not widely participation， it must be hard to select a real outstanding work and the winning designer is hard to generally recognize by the industry. This award is bound to lose influence， lose public attentions or unsustainable.

To distinctly be categorized as an 'Award'， there should be a clear process of nominations， award criteria and appropriate judging process， which is very important. The award-winning work will be a model which plays the leading role in the industry. The designer's thoughts and ideas may greatly influence the development of industry. Meanwhile， it would bring influence，public attentions and good reputation to an “Award”. The Rosa Barba International Landscape Prize I raised at the beginning is a good example. They make effort to pick out the real excellence in a certain field every time. That's why the Rosa Barba Prize grows to a world-level prize within 10 years.

In 2015， China Exploration and Design Association of Landscape Design set their “2015 Annual Awards”， which is featured in this issue of Landscape Architecture. Hopefully，China Exploration and Design Association of Landscape Design Annual Awards would be an influential award leading industry development.

WANG Xiang-rong September 18， 2015