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新目标英语八年级 (下)易混淆词组辨析

2015-08-12刘颖刘鹏

中学生英语·阅读与写作 2015年8期
关键词:及物动词词组介词

刘颖 刘鹏

大部分英语词组中都有介词,它是英语词类大家族的成员之一,也是英语短语或句子结构的重要组成部分。在一些由同一动词或形容词构成的英语短语中,由于介词的不同,其含义差别很大。同学们对那些介词不同的英语词组用法容易混淆,现归纳几类常见的短语如下:

1. be strict with, be strict in

(1)be strict with意为“对某人要求严格”,介词with之后必须接“人”。如:

As a student, I must be strict with myself. 作为一名学生,我必须严格要求自己。

(2)be strict in意为“对某事要求严格”,介词in之后须跟“物”。如:

We must be strict in our work. 我们必须严格要求我们的工作。

2. lie in, lie to, lie on

(1)lie in + 方位,指某地方的位置在介词in后宾语所指的范围之内,前者与后者有所属关系。如:

Beijing lies in the north of China. 北京位于中国的北部。

(2)lie to + 方位,指某地的位置在介词to后宾语所指的范围之外,两者并没有所属关系。如:

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东边。

(3)lie on + 方位,表示某地的位置与介词on后的宾语所指的位置相邻,两者无所属关系。如:

Shandong lies on the east of Shanxi. 山东位于山西的东部。

3. look for, look at, look up, look out, look over

(1)look for意为“寻找”。如:

He is looking for his pen. 他正在找他的钢笔。

(2)look at意为“看”。如:

Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。

(3)look up意为“查找”。如:

You should look up the new word in your dictionary. 你应该在你的字典里查一查这个生单词。

(4)look out意为“注意;小心”。如:

Look out!Here comes the bus. 小心!公交来了。

(5)look over意为“检查身体;检查”。如:

The doctor is looking over the little boy now. 现在,医生正在给小男孩检查身体。

4. be careful with, be careful of

(1)be careful with意为“在……方面认真;在……方面细心”。如:

You must be careful with your homework. 你必须认真做家庭作业。

(2)be careful of意为“当心;注意”,相当于pay attention to。如:

He warned us to be careful of snake. 他警告我们要当心蛇。

5. by the end of, at the end of, in the end of

(1)by the end of意为“到……末为止”,其后接表示时间的名词时,如果时间名词是表示过去的时间,谓语动词要用过去完成时。如:

By the end of last week, we had learned three English songs. 到上周末为止,我们已经学了三首英语歌了。

(2)at the end of意为“在……尽头、在……结束的时候”,后可接地点,也可接时间。如果后接表示过去的时间,句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时态;如果接地点,句中谓语动词常用将来时态。如:

I went to see my friend at the end of last week. 我上周末去看望了我的朋友。

You will find the hospital at the end of the road. 在路的尽头你将找到那所医院。

(3)in the end意为“最后”,相当于finally, at last。如:

They have won the football match in the end. 最后他们获得了足球比赛的胜利。

6. be made of, be made from, be made in

(1)be made of意为“由……制成”,强调能从产品上看出原料来。如:

The desk is made of wood. 桌子是用木头制造的。

(2)be made from意为“由……制造”,强调从产品上看不出原料来。如:

Paper is made from grass. 纸是用草做的。

(3)be made in意为“在……地方制造”。如:

My pen is made in Weifang. 我的钢笔是潍坊造的。

7. on ones way, in ones way, by the way

(1)on ones way意为“在……途中”。如:

On my way home, I met my friend yesterday. 昨天我在回家的路上遇见了我的朋友。

(2)in ones way意为“挡道”。如:

A truck was in our way yesterday. 昨天一辆卡车挡住了我们的路。

(3)by the way意为“顺便说一下”。如:

By the way, do you know where Shaoyang is?顺便问一下,你知道邵阳在哪里?

8. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself

(1)by oneself意为“独自地、无助地”,强调某人单独做某事,而不需要别人帮助。如:

You must do your work by yourself. 你必须独自做你的工作。

(2)for oneself意为“为自己做某事”。如:

They have built a house for themselves. 他们为自己建造了一幢房子。

(3)to oneself意为“暗自、在心中”,常与talk, say, think等动词连用。如:

He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他心想这其中有毛病。

注意: say to oneself意为“在心里想”;talk/ speak to oneself意为“自言自语”。

9. be pleased with, be pleased at

(1)be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”,相当于be satisfied with。如:

Our teacher said he was pleased with our work. 我们老师说,他对我们的工作很满意。

(2)be pleased at意为“因……而高兴”。如:

I am pleased at hearing what you said. 听到你说的话我很高兴。

10. give in, give up

(1)give in意为“让步;屈服”,用作不及物动词,其后不能跟宾语。如:

In the end the teacher had to give in. 最后这位老师不得不让步。

(2)give up意为“放弃、投降”,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,后接动词时一般要用动名词。如:

He didnt pass the exam, but he didnt give up. 尽管他考试没有及格,但是他没有放弃。

11. be good at, be good to, be good for, be good with

(1)be good at意为“擅长”。如:

He is good at studying English. 他擅长学英语。

(2)be good to意为“对……和善”。如:

Our teachers are very good to us. 我们的老师对我们很和蔼。

(3)be good for意为“对……有益”。如:

It is good for our heath to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜有益于我们的健康。

(4)be good with意为“和……友好相处”。如:

We are good with our teachers. 我们和老师相处得很好。

12. be angry with, be angry at, be angry about

(1)be angry with意为“生某人的气”。如:

My mother is often angry with me. 我妈妈经常生我的气。

(2)be angry at意为“对某种行为生气”。如:

He is angry at what you did last week. 你对你上周所做的事感到生气。

(3)be angry about意为“为某件事生气”。如:

He is often angry about something bad. 他经常为一些不好的事情感到生气。

13. be on, be to, be in

(1)be on意为“正在发生、进行中”。如:

The meeting is on. 会议正在进行中。

(2)be to意为“去、来过某地”,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词to。如:

He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。

She has been there. 她去过那儿。

(3)be in表示“在某地”,强调动作的状态。经常和表示时间的状语连用,介词之后接地点,如果是副词则不需要介词in。如:

My father has been in Shanghai for three years. 我父亲在上海呆了三年了。

14. spend on, spend with, spend in

(1)spend on意为“在……花费时间、钱”。如:

I spent five dollars on the pen. 我花了五美元买这只钢笔。

I spent two hours on TV yesterday. 昨天我看电视看了两个小时。

(2)spend with意为“和……度过”。如:

I spend two weeks with my friends last month. 上个月我和朋友们一起度过了两周时间。

(3)spend in意为“做……花费时间”。如:

The boy spent four hours in watching TV last night. 这个男孩昨天晚上看了四个小时的电视。

15. stay at, stay with, stay up

(1)stay at意为“待在……地方”。如:

He always stays at home after school. 他放学后总是呆在家里。

(2)stay with意为“和……待在一起”。如:

The little girl always stays with her mother. 这个小女孩总是和她的妈妈在一起。

(3)stay up意为“熬夜”。如:

My brother often stays up before exams. 我哥哥在考试前经常熬夜。

16. be popular with, be popular among

(1)be popular with意为“受……欢迎、喜欢”。如:

The teacher is popular with her students. 这位老师深受学生们的喜爱。

(2)be popular among意为“在……中受欢迎”。如:

His song is quite popular among the young. 他的歌在年轻人中相当流行。

17. be famous for, be famous as, be famous to

(1)be famous for意为“以……而著名”。如:

China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而著名。

(2)be famous as意为“作为……而著名”。如:

The old man is famous as a teacher. 这位老人作为一名教师而出名。

(3)be famous to意为“对……而著名”。如:

The Great Wall is famous to the people all over the world. 长城对全世界的人民来说都很有名。

18. hear from, hear of

(1)hear from意为收到某人的来信”。如:

I often hear from my friend. 我经常收到朋友的来信。

(2)hear of意为“听说”。如:

We ever heard of him. 我们曾经听说过他。

19. think about, think over

(1)think about意为“考虑有关……”。如:

She is thinking about a math problem. 她正在考虑一个数学问题。

(2)think over意为“认真考虑……”。如:

I was thinking a problem over when he came in. 当他进来时,我正在认真考虑一个问题。

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