以IF条件句中的虚拟语气为例探讨高中英语语法课教学
2015-07-04张哲
张哲
高中英语语法课教学一直是高中英语教师探讨的话题,传统的语法课教学主要以教师讲授为主,学生被动接受,气氛沉闷,课堂效率低。新型的语法课教学,体现学生的主体地位,任务型活动贯穿课堂始终,师生互动,生生互动,寓教于乐,课堂高效。
教学背景分析
教学内容分析:本语法项目出现在外研版选修六第六模块《War and Peace》,课文《D-Day Landing》中运用了一些IF引导的虚拟语气条件句,用来表述作者对当时情形的非真实的假设。借助于此语篇进行虚拟语气的教学,生动形象,便于理解。
教学目标
知识与技能目标:学生能够识别出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句;学生能够用虚拟语气表述自己的观点。
情感态度价值观:通过学习本模块的“战争与和平”这一话题内容,学生学会生活中用和平友好的方式解决问题。通过精心设计的课堂活动,培养学生自主学习能力、合作学习意识。
教学过程设计
Pre-task Lead-in 任务前导入 5分钟
教师问学生“if you were fives years younger now,what would you do?”,学生感到有趣,众说纷纭,各抒己见。用到的句式都是“if I were…I would…”,通过这一话题,让学生初步体会虚拟语气的使用情景—即用在与事实相反的假设中。
While-task 任务中 27分钟
1首先处理表述过去、现在和将来的If虚拟语气条件句,分三个环节:语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。
Presentation语法呈现(1分钟)
学生阅读屏幕上的文章,划出含有虚拟语气的句子。句子如下:
If we had reached the beach,we would have been killed.
If we had the chance now,we wouldn't choose war.
If I should be the secretary of the U.N.,I would never allow the war to break out.
Observation and conclusion 观察总结 (3分钟)
学生观察这些句子,互相讨论,总结出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句三种情况的结构。
通过改写句子、游戏句子接龙和话题讨论这三种方式,对IF引导的虚拟语气条件句的三种情况进行巩固和使用。活动如下:
Task 1 Rewrite the sentences,using the subjunctive mood.此活动练习与过去相反的假设。
We didnt have enough peacekeepers.We didn't stop the war.
We didn't talk in a peaceful way.We quarreled with each other.
Task 2 Play a game.此活动练习与现在相反的假设。例子如下:
S1: If I were you,
I would follow his advice.
S2:...followed his advice,
...would solve the problem quickly.
S3:...solved the problem quickly...
Task 3 Talk about the topics 此活动练习与将来相反的假设。
What would you do if you…
live in the year 2112… board the Shenzhou 10 …
have 1 billion dollars… be president of…
2.处理IF条件句的混合虚拟语气。三个环节:语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。(12分钟)
Presentation observation and conclusion呈现、观察、总结(3分钟)
学生观察黑板上教师即兴写下的句子 If I were you,I wouldnt have done so well及句子You didn't let me drive yesterday.If we had driven in turn,you wouldn't be so tired now。If you had told me the news yesterday,I would get there tomorrow.
学生互相讨论,总结混合虚拟语气的句式结构。学生体会出可以根据不同的情景,随意搭配使用。
Practice 通过练习,巩固混合虚拟语气结构 (9分钟)
Task 4 Match the sentences 句子匹配。
1.If I got everything ready today,
2.If I were the leader,
3.If I had seen the film before,
4.If we hadnt sacrificed so many lives,
(a)we wouldnt have our freedom today.
(b)I would have fun tomorrow.
(c)I wouldnt have started the war.
(d)I would describe the terrible scene to you
Task 5 Fill in the blanks,using the correct form of words 用动词的适当形式填空,综合全面的考察学生对虚拟语气的掌握情況,要恰当的使用虚拟语气。
教学反思
这堂课中,我设计了形式多样的活动,如改写句子、游戏句子接龙、话题讨论、句子匹配、篇章填空和图片讨论,通过这些手段来巩固学生对IF条件句中虚拟语气的掌握,效果很好。在整个课堂教学中,我确立了学生的主体地位,营造了民主和谐的课堂教学气氛,建立了一种互动友好、教学相长的新型师生关系。教学过程中我对学生所取得的进步及时进行表扬与鼓励,以培养学生热情,调动学生积极性,将形成性评价贯穿于整个课堂。