高考语法填空解题技巧

王海芳

【摘要】 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，，这一题型更注重对同学们英语知识综合运用能力的考查。下文就从例题出发，逐步揭开语法填空題的神秘面纱。

【关键词】冠词 代词 介词 连词 固定搭配 副词

首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

1、句子缺主语或宾语时填代词。

例1： -I want to hire a car， please. How much that cost？

_____ depends on the type of car you want and the amount of time you want it for.

解析：考察代词。 本句缺少主语，根据语境，应指花费多少钱这事，故用it。

例2：The mother then had _______ idea.

解析：此处缺少冠词，应该填an。

2、在名词或（形容词+名词）前，很可能填限定词（即，冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等）。

例1、 A young man， while traveling through a desert， came across a spring of clear water. ____ water was sweet.

解析：考察冠词。 根据语境，特指上文中的a spring of clear water，故用the 特指。

例2、 Jim： How is your book coming？

Jean：Pretty well， I just have to talk about some details with the publishers about last chapter of _______book.

解析： 根据上文your book可知填my。

3、名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或宾语时，前面一定是填介词。

例1： In the earthquake， thousands of families were killed and many children were left __________ parents.

解析：根据句意，在地震中，使成千上万的孩子没了父母。故填without。

例2：The master arranged a match _______ the child and his coach to…

解析：固定搭配between… and…

4、限定词后常跟名词；修饰动词、形容词或整个句子通常用副词，其次还要注意动副型短语。

例： Jim： Hello ，this is Smith speaking. I must see a docter， but I have a class this afternoon from 2：30 to 4：00 and I won't be able to teach it. So can you do me a ________？

解析： 根据句意及固定短语do somebody a favor，可知填favor.

5、如果该空在剧中并列连接两个或几个词或短语，则用并列连词。

若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填

并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。

例1： Elias helped Nelson to blow up some government buildings. It was dangerous， _______ he was happy because he knew it was to achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.

解析：根据前后两句之间的关系为转折关系，故用but.

例2：The school ________ Elias studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

解析：在句子The school was three kilometers away.中插入了句子Elias studied for only two years，而且中间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，所以应该填一个从属连词，由句意可知空格所在句子对The school 起修饰限定作用，故用where引导定语从句。

例3： ---- Would you like to go swimming with me ？

---- Id love to， but I dont know ________ I have time when I am back.

解析： 因为________ I have time when I am back.是动词know后面的宾语，而且从句不缺少成分，再根据句子意思，应该用if。

6、若结构较完整，并且空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒桩的助动词（do， does， did 等）

例1： He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife ， but he _______ bring home a regular salary.

解析： 由前一分句的谓语动词Had 可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring 也应该用一般过去时，可是，bring 却用原形，与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，而且该句也不是倒装句，因此，此空必定填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did（的确）。

例2：

7、由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

（1） 由it is ...that...强调结构判断，填it还是 that； so/such...that...， （n）either... （n）or等固定句式。

例1：His family was ______ poor that he has to leave school.

解析：通過句子意思以及固定结构so...that... 可知填 so.

例2：It was only when I left my parents for Italy _______ I realized how much I loved them.

解析：句子如果去掉It was ...______ 仍然完整，所以是强调句型，故填that。

（2） 由倒装句式判断，十天构成倒装条件的only， so， neither， nor， never， hardly， seldom， not until， had等，还是天do， does， did等。

例：Only when he returned yesterday， ______ his father tell him the truth， which was a big surprise to him.

解析：看到only +时间状语放在句首，可知这是部分倒装句，再有前面的yesterday 可判断为一般过去时，故用did。

例2： The uneducated person， on the other hand ， either is unable to do it ， ______ does it badly ，....

解析：此处表示“或者”，还要想到either...or...搭配。

（3） it 虚指用法主要指it作形式主语或形式宾语及用以构成强调句型的用法。

例： We found _____ very difficult to communicate with her.

解析： 由句意可看出found 的宾语是后面的to communicate with her，所以空格处应该是形式宾语，故填it。