A Review of the Research on the Mingzheng Tusi in the Past Thirty Years

Li Songsong Ma Tingzhong

（School of Tourism and Historical Culture，Southwest University for

Nationalities，Chengdu，610041，Sichuan，China）

JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY，VOL.6，NO.6，82-87，2015 （CN51-1731/C，in Chinese）

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.06.13

Abstract：

This article gives a review of the status of the research related to Mingzheng tusi

since the policy of “Reform and Opening up” in order to provide some references for the academic circles，and concludes that the research on Mingzheng tusi has the following characteristics：

1.Seen from the format of the research，there are six articles related to the Mingzheng tusi  since the period of “reform and opening up”，among which only three are relatively professional.The other three are records of memories/recollections or casual literary notes，and，hence，are not the result of indepth research.Moreover，there are 13 books which have chapters focusing on a discussion of the Mingzheng tusi.

2.In looking at the research materials，there are three main sources： （i）classical data from various dynasties，（ii）cultural and historical data compiled by the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC）after the founding of New China （in 1949），and （iii）an investigation report made in the 20th century.Classical data from various dynasties are mostly concentrated in the official histories，and the majority of the evidence relating to the Mingzheng tusi is mostly based on these sources.The research data regarding the status of the tusi during the period of late Qing and the Republican era or the early period of the New China are mostly drawn from memories compiled by the CPPCC.

3.In looking at the research methodology，it mostly focuses on the research of historical literature，and the methodology is relatively simple.Among the research achievements，no matter they are articles based on textual research articles or narrative，the main research method is to search through historical literature，however，the method of doing fieldwork，which has become relatively popular in recent years，was rarely used.In addition，the methodology also included oral history.This was a less productive methodology as compared to the future research on the Mingzheng tusi which used interdisciplinary，multidisciplinary，and multiangled methodologies.

4.In looking at the content of the research，the research first concentrated on the the Mingzheng tusi himself.In addition，the present research contents are mostly basic research.Scholars are still in a preliminary stage of doing textual research，sorting out and recording.

Meanwhile，it should be emphasized that the present research on the Mingzheng tusi generally focuses on political aspects.However，there are，as yet，no monographs discussing the economy of the Mingzheng tusi.this article suggests that future studies on the Mingzheng tusi should pay attention on the following aspects：

1.Strengthening the uncovering and sorting of historical data，and paying attention to collecting new materials.

2.Borrowing research methodologies from other disciplines，doing research from a multiple perspectives，and transforming the traditional research methodologies，which mainly focus on researching documents.

3.Expanding the content of Mingzhengtusi studies.

4.Strengthening the studies on the economics of the Mingzhengtusi.

Key Words： Mingzheng tusi;“reform and opening up”;research review

References：

An Shan.sichuan tushi shihua（The History of the Tusi in Sichuan）.Chengdu：bashu shushe，2010.

Compiling Committee of the History of Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.danba xianzhi（A History of Danba）.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，1996.

Compiling Committee of the History of Daofu County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.daofu xianzhi（A History of Daofu）.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，1997.

Compiling Committee of the History of Yajiang County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.yajiang xianzhi（A History of Yajiang）.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2000.

Deng Tingliang.mingzheng tusi kaochaji（A Survey on the Mingzheng Tusi）.In yalongjiang liuyu minzu kaocha baogao（Ethnic Investigation along Yalong River），Li Shaoming，Tong Enzheng ed.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2008.

Du Tongbin.zangqu tusi yanjiu de fangsi yu qianzhang （Reflection and Prospect of Studies on the Tusi in Tibetan Areas）.In tusi yanjiu xinlun—duochong shiyexia de tusi zhidu yu minzu wenhua（New Discussion on Tusi Research—Tusi System and Ethnic Culture From Multiple Perspectives）.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2014.

Ge Le.kangba shihua（A History of Khampa）.Chengdu：sichuan meishu chubanshe，2014.

Ge Le.ganzi zangzu zizhizhou shihua（A History of the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture）.Chengdu：sichuan minzu chubanshe，1984.

Gong Yin.zhongguo tusi zhidushi（History of the Tushi System in China）.Chengdu：sichuan renmin chubanshe，2012.

Gong Yin.zhongguo tusi zhidu（The Tusi System in China）.Kunming：yunnan minzu chubanshe，1992.

He Yunhua，Liu qitong，Han Guangfu.luori yuhui—zhao erfeng gaitu guiliuji （Zhao Erfengs Implementation of the Policy of Replacing Native Officials with Royally Appointed Officials）.Beijing：zhongguo wenshi chubanshe，2012.

He Guangyu.diqiang yuanliu shi（The Origin of the Di and the Qiang）.Nanchang：jiangxi jiaoyu chubanshe，2000.

Kangding County History Compiling Committee of Sichua Province.Kangding xianzhi（History of Kangding）.Chengdu：sichuan cishu chubanshe，1995.

Li Zongfang.qingdai sichuan mingzheng tusi suoxia sishijiu yuan tuqian beihu jindi kaosu（An Exploration on the Present Place of the 49 tuqian beihu ruled by the Mingzheng tusi during the period of Qing dynasty in Sichuan）.In Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities，2009（11）.

Li Zongfang.sichuan gudai minzushi（An Ancient Ethnic History of Sichuan）.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2010.

Li Shaoming，Tong Enzheng.yalongjiang liuyu minzu kaocha baogao（ An Investigation Report of the Nationalities along the Yalong River）.Beijing： minzu chubanshe，2008.

Liu Huiqiang.mingzheng tusi shudi de minzu yuyan gaikuang（The General Situation of Ethnic Languages in the Areas Ruled by the Mingzheng Tusi），In yalongjiang liuyu minzu kaocha baogao（Ethnic Investigation along Yalong River），Li Shaoming，Tong Enzheng ed.Beijing：minzu chubanshe，2008.

Luding Committee of CPPCC.luding wenhua ziliao xuanji（A Selection of Cultural and Historical Materials of Luding[Vol.3]）.Luding：  Luding Committee of CPPCC，1988.

Ren Xinjiang.mingzheng tusi kaolue（A Brief Textural Research on the Mingzheng Tusi）.In Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities，1985，（3）.

Zheng Shaoxiong.kangding tusi yu “zang yi zoulang”（The Kangding Tusi and the “TibetanYi Corridor”），In Reading，2011（4）.