Module 4 Which English？

词汇短语园地

1. instantly adv. 立即，马上

He has an instantly recognisable face.

他长着一副一眼就能认出来的面孔。

instantly conj. 一……就……

Tell me instantly he arrives.

他一到达就告诉我。

2. count v. 很重要；很有价值

His opinions count because of his experience.

因为他有经验，所以他的意见很重要。

It/That doesn’t count.

那不算数/那不重要。

count on/upon = rely on 依赖；依靠；期待；指望

You can’t always count on the help from others.

你不能总是指望别人的帮助。

3. debate n. 讨论；辩论

A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.

一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行中。

debate v. 讨论；争论

Whether he deserves what has happened to him is open to debate.

他是否罪有应得还有待于讨论。

（1） have/hold a debate on/over/about... 举行一场关于……的辩论

（2） under debate 在讨论中

The whole question is still under debate.

整个问题还在讨论之中。

（3） debate sth with sb 与某人讨论某事

（4） debate on/over/about 就……辩论

4. acquire v. 得到，获得

She acquired a good knowledge of English by careful study.

她通过认真学习精通了英语。

She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.

她最近开始喜欢吃香蕉了。

辨析：

比较gain，acquire，earn和achieve

（1） gain指“收获；获得（有用或必需的东西）”。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。

（2） acquire指“购得，得到（尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西）”；“获得，掌握（知识、技能等）”。

（3） earn指“取得；赚得”。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。

（4） achieve指“得到，获得”。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

5. convinced adj. 确信的，信服的

搭配：

be convinced of sth/that... 坚信某事/确信……

I am convinced of her innocence.

我坚信她是无辜的。

I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.

我确信我们做的事情是正确的。

（1） convince v. 使相信；使确信

1） convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事

You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.

你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。

2） convince sb to do sth 说服/劝说某人做某事

What convinced you to vote for them？

究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票？

（2） convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的

His idea was not convincing. At last I convinced him to change his mind.

他的观点没有说服力，最终我说服他改变了主意。

6. convey v. 传达，传递

搭配：

convey sth to sb 向某人传达某事

Please convey my apologies to your wife.

请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。

convey v. 表达；输送

I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.

我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。

A taxi conveyed us to the train station.

出租车将我们载到火车站。

7. betray v. 对……不忠；辜负

She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.

她发现他的真实情况后，感到受了欺骗。

She betrayed his trust over and over again.

她一次又一次地辜负了他的信任。

betray v. 出卖；泄露

He was offered money to betray his colleagues.

有人收买他出卖他的同事。

For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia.

他们多年来一直在向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。

betray a secret to sb 向某人泄露秘密

betray one’s trust 辜负某人的信任

betray oneself 暴露本来的的面目

8. oppose v. 反对

搭配：

（1） oppose （doing） sth 反对（做）某事

He opposed adopting the new bill at the meeting.

在会议上他反对采纳新议案。

He opposed the proposal to build another new church.

他反对再建一座新教堂的建议。

（2） be opposed to （doing） sth 反对（做）某事

We are opposed to any action that does great harm to the environment.

我们反对任何严重破坏环境的行为。

Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.

大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。

9. resist v. 反抗；抵抗

He is in good health； he is able to resist diseases.

他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。

resist还可表示“忍耐；忍住”，常用于否定句。

She could hardly resist laughing.

她忍不住笑起来。

（1） resistance n. 反抗；抵抗；抵抗力

make some/no resistance 进行/不抵抗

（2） resistant adj. 抵抗的；抵制的

be resistant to 抵抗……；抵制……

The club is resistant to any form of change.

该俱乐部反对任何形式的变革。

10. approval n. 赞许；赞成

She desperately wanted to win her father’s approval.

她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。

approval还可表示“批准，认可”。

I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval.

没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。

（1） with the approval of... 经……的批准

（2） in approval 同意地，支持地

（3） give （one’s） approval 给予批准

（4） meet with one’s approval 得到某人的赞许/认可

11. tell...apart 区分开

The twins are much too alike. I can’t tell them apart.

这对双胞胎长得太像了，我分不清他们谁是谁。

（1） tell...from... 把……和……区分开来

Can you tell Tom from his twin brother？

你能分得出汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？

（2） take...apart 把……拆开

It is easy to take apart a clock but it is difficult to resemble it.

拆钟容易，重装难。

12. as long as 只要（引导条件状语从句）

You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.

只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。

so long as/on condition that... 只要……

13. lie in 在于

His success lies in his hard work.

他的成功在于勤奋工作。

14. in conclusion 总之

In conclusion， I can’t thank you enough.

总之，我真是太感谢你了。

（1） reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论

（2） come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

15. get down to sth/doing sth 开始（做）某事

Let’s get down to doing something meaningful.

让我们做点有意义的事情吧。

（1） get across 越过；（使）被了解

（2） get rid of 摆脱；处理

（3） get through 通过（考试）；接通（电话）

16. let sb down 使某人失望

Please come and support me. Don’t let me down.

请来支持我，别让我失望。

（1） let alone 不干涉；不管；更不用说

（2） let into 让……进入

（3） let out 放走；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等）

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

While there are certainly many more varieties of English， American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most English programs. Generally， it is agreed that no one version is “correct”. However， there are certainly preferences in use. The most important thing is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use the American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling （i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour—color is an American spelling and flavour is British）. This is of course not always easy—or possible. The following guide is meant to point out two differences between these two varieties of English.

Use of the Present Perfect

In British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example：

I’ve lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In American English the following is also possible：

I lost my key. Can you help me look for it？

In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However， both forms are generally accepted in standard American English.

Possession

There are two forms to express possession in English： have or have got.

Do you have a car？

Have you got a car？

While both forms are correct （and accepted in both British and American English）， “have got” （have you got， he hasn’t got， etc.） is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ “have” （do you have， he doesn’t have， etc.）.

As you can see， there are really very few differences between standard British English and standard American English. However， the largest difference is probably that of the choice of vocabulary and pronunciation.

1. By saying “no one version is ‘correct’” in Paragraph 1， what does the writer mean？

A. Every English variety is perfect.

B. There is no best English variety.

C. Every English variety has its problems.

D. There is no absolutely correct English variety.

2. English learners are advised to use ___ .

A. one English varietyB. easy English varieties

C. the best English varietyD. different English varieties

3. If you prefer American English， you’ll most probably say “ ___ ”.

A. He hasn’t got any friends.

B. Do you have an MP5 player？

C. Have you got an MP5 player？

D. Has she really got an iPhone 6？

4. What differences between American English and British English are discussed in the text？

A. Pronunciation differences.B. Vocabulary differences.

C. Grammar differences.D. Spelling differences.

完形填空

Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago， I was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. But I was

1 into stillness by what I saw. Mother was seated at the far end of the sofa， 2 ， with the second-hand green typewriter on the table. She told me that she couldn’t 3 fast and then she was out of work. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears was a perfect proof （证据） of how 4 I understood the pressures on her. “I guess we all have to 5 sometimes，” Mother said quietly. I could 6 her pain and the tension of 7 the strong feelings that were interrupted by my 8 . Suddenly， something inside me lit up. I 9 out and put my arms around her. She broke then. She put her face 10 my shoulder and sobbed. I held her

11 and didn’t try to talk. I knew I was doing what I should， what I could and that it was enough. At that moment， feeling mother’s 12 with feelings， I understood for the first time， her being so easy to 13 . She was still my mother， 14 she was something 15 ， a person having the ability of bearing fear，

16 and failure. I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I sought 17 in her arms.

A week later mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station 18 . “It’s a job I can do， though，” she said simply. But the evening practice on the old green typewriter continued. I had a very 19 feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her tapping away across the 20 . I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.

1. A. fooledB. trickedC. puzzledD. shocked

2. A. cryingB. restingC. thinkingD. whispering

3. A. writeB. typeC. speakD. finish

4. A. eagerlyB. worriedlyC. littleD. adequately

5. A. failB. regretC. forgiveD. forget

6. A. learnB. watchC. senseD. recognize

7. A. holding backB. putting awayC. sitting upD. stopping from

8. A. attitudeB. attemptC. arrivalD. attraction

9. A. foundB. workedC. reachedD. ran

10. A. toB. upC. throughD. against

11. A. thoughtfullyB. tightlyC. carefullyD. politely

12. A. foreheadB. faceC. hairD. back

13. A. controlB. breakC. fallD. understand

14. A. soB. orC. yetD. though

15. A. moreB. excellentC. strangeD. huge

16. A. woundB. prideC. successD. hurt

17. A. kindnessB. memoryC. comfortD. support

18. A. suppliedB. offeredC. acquiredD. contributed

19. A. differentB. hardC. pleasantD. serious

20. A. machineB. paperC. screenD. hand

阅读填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Once a manager wanted to test his people about their values of life. He announced 1 in their folder （文件夹）， there was a PVC pouch （袋） and in it a seed. When they return， they must put the seed in a pot with good soil and look 2 it very well. He would hold a competition at the next year’s seminar and the best plants would be awarded 3 （suitable）.

Everyone did what was told. And the next year in a big hall， there were hundreds of pots and a great 4 （various） of plants—all except one. In this pot was soil， 5 no plant！ The owner of the pot 6 （stand） quietly and feeling ashamed of himself.

The manager asked him what had happened and he told him the truth. He planted the seed， which he was given， and did what was 7 （do）—but nothing happened.

The general manager declared him the winner！ Everyone was 8 （shock）.

It was announced， “Gentlemen！ The seeds I gave you were

9 （boil） seeds. You planted them and nothing happened！ You acted smartly and used some other seeds. This man was honest to his work and therefore， he did not cheat me or 10 （he）！”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（二）

阅读理解

Language is a major problem for the European Union （EU）. The agreement or treaty which created the organization that eventually became the EU， the Treaty of Rome， stated that each country’s language must be treated equally. The original six countries had only three languages between them： French， German and Dutch/Flemish. However， there are now 15 countries in the EU， with a total of 12 languages. EU documents must be translated into all these languages， and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.

All this translating is very expensive and time consuming （费时的）. It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches， and nearly half of the EU’s administrative （管理的） costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probably that several more countries， most of them having their own languages， will join the EU， thus making the situation even worse.

The problem is not just cost： there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages， there are 132 possible “translation situations” that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from （for example） Danish into Greek， or Dutch into Portuguese， at a high professional standard.

In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials， since almost all of them speak some English. However， any move to reduce the number of official languages （perhaps to four or five） would be a blow to the price of the smaller countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However， this is strongly resisted （抵制） by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

1. The organization that finally became the EU ___ .

A. used 132 languages

B. started with three countries

C. was set up by the Treaty of Rome

D. was started by France and Germany

2. The writer mentions “Danish into Greek” as an example of ___ .

A. a situation that occurs often

B. languages easily being interpreted

C. a situation that might be difficult to deal with

D. one of the 12 situations that require an interpreter

3. According to the writer， the use of English in contacts among EU officials ___ .

A. has angered the officials who don’t speak English

B. has been opposed by powerful member countries

C. has reduced the number of official languages

D. has reduced the effect of the problem

4. What’s the main purpose of this passage？

A. To criticize the EU for ill efficiency.

B. To give a solution to the problem for the EU.

C. To show that the problem for the EU cannot be solved.

D. To find out a problem for the EU and show how severe it is.

阅读选择

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Swimming， cycling， jogging， skiing， dancing， walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart. 1 Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine， all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.

● Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can enjoy. 2

● Wear comfortable， properly fitted shoes and comfortable， loose-fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.

● Find a convenient time and place to do activities. 3 If you miss an exercise opportunity， work activity into your day another way.

● Use music to keep yourself entertained.

● 4 Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise？ Exercise with you regularly or occasionally？ Be understanding when you get up early to exercise？ Spend time with children while you exercise？ Try not to ask yourself to change your exercise routine？ Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members， friends or co-workers for help.

● Don’t overdo it， especially at first， You can slowly increase the time and intensity （强度） of your activities as you become more fit. 5

● Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success！

A. Try to make it a habit， but be flexible.

B. Surround yourself with supportive people.

C. Be an active role model for your children.

D. That way， exercise will never seem boring.

E. Gradually， work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30-60 minutes.

F. They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.

G. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease， see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改错

My hometown is a pretty city， so people there are kind and polite. With coming of spring， grass， trees and flowers grew in many colors. In summer， the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. After autumn arrives， the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees. In winter， a lot of white birds coming to my city for food. They can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. While they find fish come to the surface， they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. That is my city， and I love it very much.