Module 2 The Renaissance

词汇短语园地

1. appeal v. 恳求；呼吁

搭配：

（1） appeal to sb （for sth） （为某事）呼吁/恳请某人

He appealed to his friends for help.

他向朋友们请求帮助。

（2） appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳请某人做某事

The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.

警察向群众呼吁要保持冷静。

（1） appeal v. 上诉；有吸引力

搭配：

1） appeal against sth 不服某事而上诉

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。

2） appeal to sb 迎合某人的爱好；吸引某人

The idea appealed to Mary.

这主意正合玛丽的心意。

（2） appeal n. 呼吁，恳求；上诉；吸引力

The country has made an appeal for help to the world.

那个国家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.

这种新式样很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss n. 丢失；丧失

The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.

丢失钱包给她带来了诸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

政府收入每月大概减少2.5亿美元。

3. seek v. 寻找；寻求

We sought （for） an answer to the question， but couldn’t find one.

我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。

Most men seek wealth； all men seek happiness.

大多数人寻求财富，每个人都追求幸福。

seek advice/help/permission 征求建议/寻求帮助/征求同意

seek fame 追求名利

seek one’s fortune 寻找致富（或成功）的机会

seek for/after 寻求；追求

seek sth from sb 向某人寻求某物

seek to do sth 试图做某事

辨析：

比较seek，find和search

（1） seek“寻找；探索”，一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用法。既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。作不及物动词表“寻找；探索”时，既可接after也可接for。

（2） find“找到”，强调“寻找”的结果。

（3） search“搜寻；搜查”，后接要搜查的场所；后接人时指“搜身”。

4. blame n. （对错事或坏事应付的）责任

搭配：

（1） accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任

You must bear the blame for the accident.

你必须承担造成这次事故的责任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我们愿对所发生的事负责。

（2） put/lay the blame for sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人

She’ll put the blame on us if it turns out badly.

如果结果糟糕，她将会怪罪于我们。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.

他企图把责任推给我。

blame v. 责备；指责；把……归咎于

搭配：

（1） blame sb for sth/doing sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.

他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。

（2） blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

It’s no use blaming our defeat on him.

把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。

（3） be to blame （for sth） （对坏事）负有责任

注意：此处不能用被动语态。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不着孩子们。

He is more to blame than you.

是他更应受责备，而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire？

这场火灾该由谁负责？

5. leave for 出发去某地

（1）“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”

Next Friday， Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

Only two weeks ago he left for the front.

两星期前，他刚刚出发到前线去。

（2）“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing？

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

6. lead to 导致，通向，通往

All roads lead to Rome.

条条道路通罗马。

Under given conditions， a bad thing can lead to good results.

在一定条件下，一件坏事可以导致好的结果。

An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.

一场普通的感冒很快便会引起高烧。

辨析：

比较lead to 和result in

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

This investment program will lead to the creation of new jobs.

从以上句子可以看到，lead to的主语（即引起事情发生的主动方）多是一个动态的动作或计划，其宾语（即被引起的事情）无严格的消极与积极之分，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。

An accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

从以上句子可以看到，result in的主语多是静态、客观的一件事或物，其宾语通常是不良或消极的结果，而且多用于描述已经发生的事件。

7. take up 从事，开始做（某项工作）

After he retired from office， Rogers took up painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

罗杰斯退休以后开始画画，但没多久就没兴趣了。

He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.

他开始学习英语之前已经学一年半日语了。

We took up physical chemistry at college.

在大学我们选学了物理化学课。

The scientist has taken up a new subject.

这位科学家开始研究一个新的课题。

（1） take up （time/space） 占用（时间）/占据（空间）

That big table takes up too much room.

那张大桌子占的地方太大了。

Learning English takes up a lot of my time.

学英语占了我许多时间。

That boy took my time up with his questions.

那个男孩的问题浪费了我的时间。

（2） take up 继续；接着讲

We took up our journey the next day.

第二天我们继续赶路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off.

本章继续上一章谈到的内容。

（3） take up 接纳（乘客等）；接受（挑战、建议、条件等）

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。

He has taken up the bet.

他已接受打赌的条件。

（4） take up 提出（商讨），讨论

There’s another matter which we ought to take up.

还有一件事我们要提出来商量。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

Most people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote. However， not everybody knows much about the life of this outstanding man， except perhaps that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon and that he married a woman called Anne Hathaway. We know nothing of his school life. We do not know， for example， how long it lasted， but we presume （推测） that he attended the local grammar school， where the main subject taught was Latin.

Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London. According to a local legend， he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of a neighboring landowner， Sir Thomas Lucy. It is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place. A different legend says that he was apprenticed （做学徒） to a Stratford butcher， but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.

Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth， the world can be grateful that he did so. What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London. It is said that at first he was without money or friends there， but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time， as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre， they stopped and spoke to him. They found his conversations so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.

1. In the early life of Shakespeare， he ___ .

A. studied Latin B. lived in Stratford

C. was put in prisonD. attended a public school

2. Why did he leave his native place according to Paragraph 2？

A. He wanted to be apprenticed.

B. He didn’t want to go to school.

C. He had stolen deer and was beaten.

D. He left for London to become famous.

3. The world can be grateful that shakespeare left his birth place because ___ .

A. he was able to act in many good plays

B. his birth place was bad for his development

C. London became more famous and important

D. he did so to get the chance to write many world-famous plays

4. What should be the best title for the passage？

A. Shakespeare’s Role in Performance

B. The Early Life of Shakespeare

C. Shakespeare’s life in London

D. Shakespeare’s Later Life

完形填空

My first job was at a local restaurant. I worked there for seven years and learned so many lessons， especially from a fellow 1 .

Helen had extraordinary self-confidence， something I was really 2 . I looked up to Helen 3 she was doing what she loved— 4 people better. She always made everyone， customers and co-workers， 5 and feel good.

Being a waitress changed my life. One of my 6 customers was Fred Hasbrook. He always ate an omelet， and when I saw him

7 ， I tried to have it on his table as soon as he sat down.

Thanks to the newfound confidence I 8 from Helen， I dreamed of having my own 9 . But when I called my parents to ask for a loan （贷款）， they said， “We just don’t have the 10 .”

The next day， Fred saw me and asked， “What’s up？ You’re not smiling today.” I 11 my dream with him and said， “Fred， I know I can do more if somebody would just have faith in me.”

Before long he handed me checks 12 $50，000—along with a note that read， “The only collateral （抵押品） on this loan is my trust in your 13 as a person. Good people with a dream should have the 14 to realize that dream.”

I took the checks to Merrill Lynch， where the money was provided for me. I 15 working at the restaurant， making 16 for the restaurant I would open. My plans failed， though， and I 17 the money.

Later I decided to apply for a job at Merrill Lynch. Even though I had no experience， I was 18 and ended up becoming a pretty good agent. 19 I paid back Fred the $50，000， plus 14-percent annual interest. Five years later， I was able to 20 my own firm.

1. A. friendB. waitressC. citizenD. customer

2. A. losingB. earningC. expectingD. lacking

3. A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. unless

4. A. helpingB. managingC. servingD. employing

5. A. workB. eatC. smileD. speak

6. A. regularB. favoriteC. respectedD. fresh

7. A. eatingB. greetingC. walkingD. coming

8. A. found outB. picked upC. got backD. took away

9. A. restaurantB. confidenceC. houseD. inspiration

10. A. choiceB. wayC. ideaD. money

11. A. exchangedB. discussedC. sharedD. explained

12. A. countingB. totalingC. addingD. valuing

13. A. abilityB. honestyC. responsibilityD. identity

14. A. patienceB. timeC. luckD. chance

15. A. lovedB. practicedC. continuedD. enjoyed

16. A. adjustmentsB. plansC. decisionsD. suggestions

17. A. madeB. forgotC. lostD. borrowed

18. A. hiredB. allowedC. encouragedD. determined

19. A. FortunatelyB. ExcitedlyC. PersonallyD. Eventually

20. A. openB. designC. realizeD. expand

阅读填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

James is a good student and he has lots of friends， 1 he also has a problem. Some older boys are bullying （欺负） him at school. James is very unhappy and he 2 know what to do about it. Here are some 3 （suggest） to him and other teenagers in this situation.

Don’t feel 4 （worry）. It’s not your fault！ Being bullied can make you feel very lonely and angry， but you are not 5 （lone）. Don’t feel that you have to hide the problem. You should find a person you can trust， and tell him.

6 （Speak） to an adult might make you nervous， but here are other things you can do. Some people express their feelings more 7 （easy） on paper. Write a letter to someone or keep a diary.

You can use it as proof （证明） to show what is going on. And it is a wonderful idea 8 （show） your letter or diary to a teacher or another responsible adult.

Also， don’t show you are sad and don’t try and fight 9 the bullies （欺凌弱小者）. You could get in trouble 10 （you）.

Ignore them and just walk away. The bullies will soon stop.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（二）

阅读理解

The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters （助推器） to the brain and better than some guide books， researchers say this week.

Scientists， psychologists and English experts at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind， catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners （扫描仪器）， they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare， William Wordsworth， T.S. Eliot and other classical writers.

They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward”， modern language and again monitored the readers’ brains as they read the words. Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it “lit up” as the readers encountered unusual words， surprising phrases or difficult sentence structure. This “lighting up” of the mind lasts longer， shifting （转动） the brain to a higher speed， encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry， in particular， increases activity in the right side of the brain， helping readers to reflect on their own experiences， which they compare with what they have read. This， according to the researchers， meant that the classic works were more useful than guide books.

Philip Davis， an English professor believes “The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns， to create new thoughts， shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”

1. According to the text， reading classical works can ___ .

A. improve our reading skills

B. benefit our mind and thinking

C. help learn more about history

D. help deal with physical problems

2. The scientists and experts did the experiment by ___ .

A. learning the habits of the readers

B. reading works of different writers

C. scanning the readers’ brain activities

D. lighting up the activities of the brains

3. What can we learn about reading poetry from Paragraph 4？

A. It has the same effects as reading guide books.

B. It’s concerned with the right side of the brain.

C. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar.

D. It makes readers forget about their troubles.

4. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To present a study on brain activities.

B. To show the power of classical literature.

C. To introduce a research on reading classics.

D. To introduce some great writers in England.

阅读选择

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. 1

The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco， probably none. 3 However， a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat， which had much less fat than domestic （家养的） ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products， and they made very little use of grains. 4 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

5 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did， cutting the amount of fatty， salty and sweet food.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B. But today， we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case， they would live much healthier.

D. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

F. Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”.

G. People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改错

Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five meter outside a bar. Allen was stopped curiously. All people passing the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man. Allen’s heart went out of him. He said kindly to fish-catcher， “Hello， will you please do me a favor but have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly accepted her invitation. After buying the man several cups of soft-drinks， Allen asked， “You are fishing there， right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are the number 8，” said the man humorous.