Module 1 Deep South

1. explorer n. 探险者

The explorer was ever awake for the dangers that surrounded him.

这个探险家时刻提防着周围的危险。

His father is an Arctic explorer.

他父亲是一位北极探险者。

（1） explore v. 考察，勘探；探究，探讨

As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.

我们一来到岛上就急不可耐地考察起来。

These ideas will be explored in more detail in Chapter 7.

这些想法将在第7章里作更详细的探讨。

（2） exploration n. （对某地区的）勘查

We set out on this voyage of exploration with an open mind.

我们以开放的心态开始了这次探索之旅。

2. extreme adj. 极端的，极度的

Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances.

只有在极端情况下才会让孩子离开父母。

We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.

目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。

3. trap v. 储存，留存；使陷入困境

Wool traps your body heat， keeping the chill at bay.

毛织品能够保暖御寒。

The volume of gas trapped on these surfaces can be considerable.

存留在这些表面的气体体积可能相当大。

They were trapped in the burning building.

他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。

4. balance v. 使平衡

How long can you balance on one leg？

你单腿能站多久？

balanced adj. 保持（或显示）平衡的

The programme presented a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict.

节目公平地反映了冲突双方的情况。

5. promote v. 促进，增进

We don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.

我们不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。

They have begun dialogues to promote better understanding between both communities.

双方已经开始了对话，以增进两个社群间的彼此了解。

（1） promote v. 促销，推销

The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.

这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。

（2） promotion n. 提升；提拔；晋级

Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.

竟然提拔她当销售经理，叫每个人都感到意外。

6. absence n. 缺乏；没有

The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.

此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。

absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的

v. 缺席，不参加；不在

Joe was absent from the house all the next day.

乔第二天一整天都不在家。

She had absented herself from the office for the day.

这一天她没有去办公室上班。

7. discourage v. 阻止；打消……的念头

搭配：

（1） discourage sth 打消某事

We discouraged his attempt to run away from home.

我们劝阻了他离家出走的打算。

（2） discourage sb from doing sth 打消某人做某事的念头

Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.

教师应劝阻学生吸烟喝酒。

（1） discourage v. 使气馁

It may be difficult to do at first. Don’t let this discourage you.

开始时做起来也许比较困难，不要让这个泄你的气。

（2） discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的

Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.

如果你批评学生次数太多的话，他们很快就会泄气的。

（3） discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的

It’s discouraging that so many students have failed.

那么多学生考不及格，真令人泄气。

（4） discouragement n. 气馁；令人沮丧的事

Despite all these discouragements， she refused to give up.

尽管遇到这么多挫折，她仍不气馁。

8. privilege n. 荣幸

I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.

但愿有幸与他们再度合作。

（1） privilege n. [C]特殊利益；优惠待遇

[U]（有钱有势者的）特权

Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.

教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人特别享有的。

As a member of the nobility， his life had been one of wealth and privilege.

身为贵族中的一员，他过着有钱有势的生活。

（2） privilege v. 给予特权；特别优待

In some countries， the president can privilege somebody from capital punishment.

在有些国家，总统可以特赦一些人免于死刑。

9. reliability n. 可靠性

The reliability of these results has been questioned.

这些结果的可信程度已受到质疑。

（1） reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的

We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.

我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。

（2） reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地

I am reliably informed that the company is being sold.

我获得可靠消息说公司要被卖掉了。

10. inspiration n. 鼓舞；启示；灵感

Her charity work is an inspiration to us all.

她的慈善工作激励着我们大家。

Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.

梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。

（1） inspire v. 鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感

His speech inspired the soldiers.

他的演说使士兵们大受鼓舞。

The best museums educate， entertain and inspire us.

最好的博物馆可以用来教育、娱乐和赋予我们灵感。

（2） inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的

an inspiring teacher 启发能力强的教师

His speech was inspiring and touched my heart.

他的发言鼓舞人心、动人肺腑。

（3） inspired adj. 卓越的；有灵感的

an inspired performance 精彩的演出

an inspired poet 有灵感的诗人

11. adapt to（使）适应

Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.

钟努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。

adapt v. 使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）

Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.

这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。

12. set foot on 进入，到达

They first set foot on our soil as adventurers.

他们起初是以冒险家身份踏上我国国土的。

set v. 放置，安置；使开始

They ate everything that was set in front of them.

他们把放在面前的东西都吃光了。

He pulled the lever and set the machine in motion.

他扳动操纵杆，启动了机器。

13. in case of 如果；假使

In case of fire， ring the alarm bell.

如遇火警，请按警铃。

case n. 具体情况；实例；事例

In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.

在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。

It’s a classic case of bad planning.

这是计划不当的一个典型事例。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

Science can’t explain the power of pets， but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack， reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.

Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some， an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2014 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress levels and blood pressure in people—half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone， with a husband/wife， a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room， people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. “It seems people feel more relaxed around pets，” says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.

A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs； a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average， people lost about 11 pounds， or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better， losing an average of 12 pounds， more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing.

1. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if ___ .

A. he has a pet companion

B. he has less stress of work

C. he often does mental arithmetic

D. he is taken care of by his family

2. According to Allen， why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks？

A. They have lower blood pressure.

B. They become more patient.

C. They are in higher spirits.

D. They are less nervous.

3. The research mentioned in the last paragraph shows that ___ .

A. people with dogs did more exercise

B. dogs lost the same weight as people did

C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful

4. What does the text mainly discuss？

A. Pet’s value in medical research.

B. What pets bring to their owners.

C. How pets help people calm down.

D. People’s opinions of keeping pets.

完形填空

This year John was overjoyed by the Christmas season. He was becoming a 1 . He knew soon he would be old enough to

2 the orphanage （孤儿院）. He was 3 by this expectation. He would save his orange， the Christmas gift， until his 4 in July. If he 5 it very carefully， he might be able to eat it on his birthday.

Christmas day finally came. Entering the big dining hall， John could smell the 6 aroma （味） of meat. Because of his excitement， he lost his footing， 7 a disturbance. Immediately the master 8 ， “John， leave the hall and there’ll be no 9 for you this year.” John’s heart broke 10 . Tears in eyes， he turned and went swiftly back to the cold room so that the children would not see his 11 .

Later he heard the door open and some children entered. Little Elizabeth 12 a piece of rag. “Here John，” she said， “This is for you.” John was 13 by her innocence as he 14 the bulge （鼓起） in her hand. Lifting back the edges of the rag， he saw a big juicy orange all peeled and quartered…and then he 15 what they had done. Each had 16 their own orange by sharing a quarter and had created a big beautiful orange for him.

John never forgot the love and sharing his friends had shown him that Christmas day. John’s beginning was a poor existence；

17 ， his growth to manhood was 18 by wealth and success. In 19 of that day， every year he would send oranges to children in orphanages. His desire was that no child would ever spend Christmas without a（n） 20 Christmas fruit！

1. A. fatherB. masterC. man D. soldier

2. A. leaveB. assistC. rebuildD. escape

3. A. disappointedB. excitedC. annoyedD. embarrassed

4. A. graduationB. anniversaryC. wedding D. birthday

5. A. polishedB. hidC. preservedD. planted

6. A. awfulB. strangeC. sour D. unusual

7. A. causingB. encouragingC. showingD. sharing

8. A. explainedB. shoutedC. whisperedD. sighed

9. A. friend B. toyC. prize D. orange

10. A. quietly B. slowlyC. violentlyD. narrowly

11. A. anxietyB. sorrowC. angerD. surprise

12. A. helped out B. picked outC. held outD. tried out

13. A. touched B. puzzledC. shocked D. amazed

14. A. pointed to B. stuck toC. searched forD. reached for

15. A. wondered B. realizedC. analyzed D. ignored

16. A. collected B. keptC. sacrificedD. brought

17. A. however B. besidesC. instead D. therefore

18. A. replied B. returnedC. reacted D. rewarded

19. A. searchB. memoryC. favorD. honor

20. A. importantB. expensiveC. special D. large

阅读填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A rich land owner decided to leave possessions to one of his two sons. As he 1 （lie） on the deathbed， he called the two young men to him and said， “I will leave all 2 （I） wealth to the one who can best fill this room. It was in this room 3 I made plans on how to build up my fortune. Not an inch must 4 （leave） uncovered. As I am getting 5 （weak） by the hour you both must come back by midnight.” He handed them a small piece of silver

6 an empty bag to put their purchases in. They both went out and hurriedly came back with their purchases. Having bought the straw， the elder began 7 （spread） it around the floor， but far from 8 （fill） the room. “This is no use， son，” said the father， “and let me see how your brother fills the room.” The younger son took 9 of his bag a large candle， set it on the table in the center of the room and lit it. A brilliant bright light filled up the whole room. The father was delighted and said 10 （excite）， “Son， I am sure you will use the wealth well.”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（二）

阅读理解

Three-quarters of a million tourists visit the white beaches every year， but this booming industry has come at a price. Poisonous smoke rising from open fires， rubbish made up of plastic bottles， packets…it’s a far cry from the white sands， clear waters and palm trees that we associate with the Maldives， the paradise island holiday destination set in the Indian Ocean.

Of its 200 inhabited islands， which are spread across an area of 35，000 square miles， 99 are good tourist attractions. So many tourists come every year， more than double the local population. Of these， over l00，000 travel from the UK. The capital， Malé， is four times more densely （密集地） populated than London. Given these facts， it’s hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal （处理） problem.

Years ago， when the tourists left， the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish. Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping （倾倒） ground. Four miles west of Malé is the country’s dumping ground， Thilafushi. What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners will ever clap eyes. Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day. The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day.

Now， since many waste boats， fed up with waiting seven hours or more， directly offload their goods into the sea， the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island. So， the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead.

1. The underlined part can probably be replaced by “___ ”.

A. it’s quite similar to

B. it’s a loud shout from

C. it’s a long distance from

D. it’s totally different from

2. What is the main cause of the waste disposal problem？

A. Too many waste boats.

B. The big local population.

C. Open fires on the islands.

D. The large number of tourists.

3. What can we learn from the text？

A. It’s much more crowded in Malé than in London.

B. Another island will be used as a dumping ground.

C. No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives.

D. Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea.

4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To state the waste disposal problem in the Maldives.

B. To explain the causes of pollution in the Maldives.

C. To call on us to protect the environment.

D. To attract more tourists to the Maldives.

阅读选择

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Avoid Weight Gain over Holidays

Do you love the holidays， but hate the pounds that follow？ You are not alone. Many people are worried about their weight. 1 The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.

Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and maintaining physical fitness：

Don’t skip meals.

2 This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious food.

Control portions （分量）.

Use a small plate （about 10 inches） and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to “load up”. 3

Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables.

Fill up beforehand with water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full.

Stick to physical activity.

4 A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off additional calories.

5

Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a large amount of fat. Choose lean （少脂肪的） meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of butter.

A. Avoid high-fat foods.

B. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays.

C. Remember the Dos and Don’ts for keeping fit and slim.

D. Before you leave home， have a small， low-fat meal or snack.

E. You’d better turn your attention away from delicious foods.

F. You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist.

G. With proper planning， though， it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

短文改错

Dear Mary，

Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly， more high buildings have appeared， that are modern and beautiful. Many overbridges have set up， so it has become very convenient for people to travel. However， many families have got cars of their own. The people’s life here has become rich and colorfully. People can enjoy themselves travelling on holidays. To my delighted， I can taste delicious food of the different countries. And now it is easy for me to keep on touch with you than before， for I can email you in my office.

Yours，

Christine