对不起,安慰食物真的帮不了你
2015-03-23byMaanviSingh
by Maanvi Singh
翻译:芥子
Discovery Zone/探索区
对不起,安慰食物真的帮不了你
Eating Comfort Foods May Not Be So Comforting After All
by Maanvi Singh
翻译:芥子
考试考砸了,又或是被老师批评了一顿……当心情跌至谷底的时候,很多人都会化悲愤为食欲,吃个冰激凌或蛋糕,感觉似乎就好起来了,因为我们相信食物是解决情绪的灵丹妙药。但科学家们又出来多管闲事了。一项研究显示,那些被人们称为安慰食物(comfort food)的高卡路里食品,对抚慰我们的心灵其实没什么作用……
安慰食物
顾名思义,安慰食物是那些人们认为能对人的情绪产生安慰作用的食物。这些食物通常是很常见的食物,但对品尝安慰食物的人而言,它们则往往具有勾起往日美好记忆的作用。这些食物大多含有较多碳水化合物,制作和准备过程也相对简单。至于具体哪些元素能引起人们的怀旧情绪,则与不同的文化、成长背景有关。
维基百科上面很仔细地列了几个国家的安慰食物。由于品种实在太多,以下只列举其中很少一部分,有兴趣的同学可以自己到维基搜一搜。美国有番茄酱烘豆、苹果派、玉米面包、土豆泥、清汤鸡肉面条、花生酱;英国有奶油冻、炸鱼薯条、各种布丁、烤肉、各种派;法国有洋葱汤、肉酱/肉冻……结论:果然很高卡路里。你的安慰食物又是什么呢?
补脑词汇
1) soothe [suːð] v. 抚慰,安慰
2) mac and cheese 奶酪通心粉
3) erase [I′reIz] v. 擦掉,抹掉
4) gloomy [′ɡluːmI] a. 沮丧的,忧伤的
5) artery [′ɑːterI] n. 动脉
6) effect [I′fekt] n. 影响,效果
7) cure [kjʊə] n. 药方
8) psychology [saI′kɒlədʒI] n. 心理学
9) colleague [′kɒliːɡ] n. 同事,同僚
For many of us, chicken soup can1)soothe the soul and2)mac and cheese can3)erase a bad day. We eat chocolate when we feel4)gloomy. And we eat chocolate ice cream to help us get over a bad breakup.
These comfort foods usually aren’t so good for our5)arteries, but we tend to think they have healing6)effects—that they’re the7)cure for all our emotional problems.
But maybe they’re not, says Traci Mann, a professor of8)psychology at the University of Minnesota. In a recent study, Mann and some9)colleagues put 100 college students in a bad mood by making them watch clips from sad movies. They then fed half the students their favorite comfort food, while the other students ate food they enjoyed, but wouldn’t consider comfort food.
Once the students had finished eating, the researchers asked the students how they felt. It turns out that all the students felt better, regardless of what they had eaten.
对我们很多人来说,鸡汤可以抚慰我们的心灵,奶酪通心粉可以赶走糟糕的一天。感到沮丧的时候我们会吃巧克力。我们会吃巧克力冰激凌来帮我们熬过痛苦的分手。
这些安慰食物通常对我们的动脉不太有益,但我们倾向于认为它们有治疗效果——它们是所有情绪问题的灵丹妙药。
但也许它们不是解药——(美国)明尼苏达大学心理学教授特拉奇·曼如是说。在最近的一项研究中,曼和同事让100名大学生观看悲伤电影的片段,令他们的情绪变糟。然后,他们让一半学生吃他们最喜欢的安慰食物,其他学生则吃他们喜欢、但不被他们认为是安慰食物的食物。
学生们一吃完,研究人员就问他们有什么感觉。结果发现,无论吃的是什么,所有学生的感觉都变好。
“That is not what we expected,” Mann says. “We keptrepeating the study, because we didn’t believe it.”
In another experiment, Mann had half the kids eat comfort food, and the other half eat nothing. After a few minutes, both groups felt equally better. The comfort food had no effect on their mood.
The results of these experiments appeared in Health Psychology. “People are taking this very hard,” Mann says. “I guess it removes a very10)handy11)justifcation people have for eating comfort food.”
Of course, the study has a few12)signifcant13)limitations. For one, it only looked at a particular kind of14)negative mood— caused by watching sad films. Other studies have come to different15)conclusions. For example, one in 2011, published in the journal Psychological Science, suggested that eating chicken soup may help some people feel less lonely.
“那不是我们预想的结果,”曼说。“我们不断重复这个研究,因为我们不相信结果。”
在另一个实验中,曼让一半孩子吃安慰食物,另一半则什么也不吃。几分钟以后,两组人的感觉都好多了——安慰食物对他们的心情没有影响。
这些实验结果刊登在《健康心理学》上。“人们很难接受这个结果,”曼说。“我想,这个结果剥夺了人们吃安慰食物的一个很管用的理由。”
当然,该调查存在一些明显的限制。其中之一,就是它只观察了由看悲伤电影引起的这一特定负面情绪。其他研究则得出了不一样的结果。例如,2011年一份发表在《心理科学》的研究指出,喝鸡汤可能令一些人感到没那么孤独。
注:Ben&Jerry's是美国著名冰激淋品牌。
And the researchers didn’t look at the reallife situations in which people eat comfort foods. “Maybe the comfort from comfort food comes from going to a cafe16)acquiring it,” Mann says. The research on the psychological effects of comfort food is not very17)thorough, she notes, so we don’t have any definite answers yet.
David Levitsky, a professor of18)nutrition at Cornell University, says Mann’s research is19)in line with what he would have expected. “We tend to look for a magic solution to our problems,” Levitsky says.
The idea that we can feel better by simply eating certain foods is very20)appealing, he says, “but in21)actuality, feeling better has nothing to do with the food itself, and it’s a very weak psychological effect.”
另外,研究人员也没有观察现实生活中人们吃安慰食物的情形。“也许安慰食物的疗效来自去咖啡厅获取它(的过程),”曼说。她指出,这个关于安慰食物所能带来的心理疗效的研究不够彻底,因此我们还没有绝对的答案。
(美国)康奈尔大学营养学教授大卫·李维斯基说,曼的研究与他的预期相符。“我们总希望给自己的问题寻找一个神奇的解决方法,”李维斯基说。
他说,只需吃上某些食物就能让我们感觉变好,这个想法是非常有吸引力的。“但事实上,感觉变好和食物本身没有关系,其心理影响也是微乎其微的。”
The comfort foods we turn to the most are the ones we ate while growing up, or the ones that remind us of22)celebrations, Levitsky says. We may23)associate chicken soup with all those times Mom took care of us when we were little, and maybe mashed potatoes remind us of joyful Thanksgivings.Remember that scene from the movie Ratatouille, when an angry food24)critic tastes a meal that makes him feel like a kid again?
李维斯基说,我们求助的安慰食物大多是我们在成长过程中经常吃的,或者是让我们想起欢庆时刻的那些。我们也许会把鸡汤联系到小时候妈妈照顾我们的那些日子,土豆泥则可能让我们想起那些快乐的感恩节。还记得电影《料理鼠王》中,一位愤怒的食评家品尝了让他感觉回到童年的一顿饭的那一幕吗?
补脑词汇
10) handy [′hændI] a. 方便的
11) justifcation [dʒʌstIfI′keI∫ən] n. 理由12) signifcant [sIɡ′nIfəkənt] n. 大的,重要的
13) limitation [lImI′teI∫ən] n. 限制
14) negative [′neɡətIv] a. 消极的,负面的15) conclusion [kən′kluːʒən] n. 结论
16) acquire [ə′kwaIə] v. 获得
17) thorough [′θʌrə] a. 彻底的,完全的
18) nutrition [njuː′trI∫ən] n. 营养学
19) in line with 符合
20) appealing [ə′piːlIŋ] a. 吸引人的
21) actuality [æktjʊ′ælItI] n. 事实,现状22) celebration [selI′breI∫ən] n. 庆祝
23) associate [ə′səʊ∫IeIt] v. 联想
24) critic [′krItIk] n. 评论家
25) necessarily [′nesəsərIlI] ad. 必要地26) cope with 应付
27) opposed [ə′pəuzd] a. 反对的
28) glum [ɡlʌm] a. 闷闷不乐的
《料理鼠王》
《料理鼠王》(又译《美食总动员》)是2007年由皮克斯动画制作室制作的动画电影。它的英文片名“Ratatouille”来自一款同名的法国菜式——普罗旺斯杂烩。故事讲述一只原本注定在垃圾堆度过平淡一生的小老鼠小米,梦想成为站在世界之巅的美味大厨。一次偶然机会,小米来到厨神的餐厅,认识了资质平平但态度认真的学徒林奎尼,小米更帮助他做出一道又一道的精美大餐。最后小米烹制出全巴黎最棒的普罗旺斯杂烩,成就了一个厨房神话。
We think that eating foods that remind us of home, or of good times, will make us feel better when we’re down, Levitsky says. “But we don’t know if it’s performing the function that people want it to.”
So does this mean we should step away from the Ben & Jerry’s注when we’re feeling sad? Not25)necessarily, Levitsky says. “There’s no harm to it,” he says, unless you’re overeating, or always eating food to avoid26)coping with big problems.
Mann agrees. “I am not27)opposed to comfort foodeating during your occasional28)glum moment,” she says.
Maybe the food doesn’t help anything, she says, but that doesn’t mean it isn’t delicious. “So you lose one justifcation for eating a cookie. Come up with another one.”
李维斯基说,我们认为,在情绪低落的时候吃那些让我们想起家或美好时刻的食物会让我们感觉变好。“但我们不知道这是否能如人们所愿,发挥作用。”
那么,这是否意味着在伤心的时候,我们应该远离Ben and Jerry’s冰激凌呢?倒不一定,李维斯基说。“吃了也没有害处,”他说——除非你吃太多,或者在处理重要的时候总是用吃来逃避。
曼表示同意。“在偶尔感到闷闷不乐的时候,我不反对吃一些安慰食物,”她说。
她说,也许食物不一定管用,但不代表它不好吃。“于是,你失去了一个吃曲奇饼的合理理由,马上又找到了另一个。”