植物学

植物学

封面介绍：金沙江干热河谷的自然景观。闫帮国等研究了该地区水分和养分变化下植物元素的化学计量特征与植物生物量的关系。

干热河谷植物化学计量特征与生物量之间的关系

闫帮国，刘刚才，樊博，等

了解植物化学计量学特征对生物量变化的响应机制对预测全球变化下植物生产力以及生态系统功能具有重要意义。为了了解干热河谷地区植物化学计量学塑性变化与植物生物量变化的关系，该研究以当地的典型燥红土为基质，观察水分、养分以及二者的交互作用对6种植物的生长的促进作用，并分析这种作用与植物化学计量学特征变化的关系。研究结果显示：水分、养分、物种及其二元交互作用对植物生长具有显著的作用。养分添加处理增加了32.55%的生物量，高频次水分处理增加了31.35%的生物量，水分与养分复合处理下生物量增加了110.60%。植物化学计量学特征的变化与植物生物量对处理的响应具有显著相关性。其中，植物总体K︰Ca、K︰Mg、K︰Mn、K︰Zn、Mg︰Mn的变化与植物生物量的变化呈正相关关系，表明水分和养分处理对植物生长的促进作用影响了植物养分的平衡，主要的变化趋势是高含量元素与低含量元素的计量比随着生物量的增加而不断增加。此外，相对于植物生物量变化，处理类型和物种因素对多数化学计量学特征变化无显著影响，表明水分和养分处理对化学计量学的影响具有相同的驱动机制，即通过生物量变化最终影响化学计量学变化。植物生物量对水分和养分的响应可对植物化学计量学特征以及生态系统功能产生深远的影响。

生态化学计量学；微量元素；大量元素；可塑性；生物量

来源出版物：植物生态学报, 2015, 39(8): 807-815联系邮箱：纪中华，rjsjzh@163.com

来源出版物：Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2015, 57(8): 688-697联系邮箱：ZHANG Xiang-qi, xqzhang@genetics.ac.cn

封面介绍：Breeding with Endemic Wheat Subspecies: Endemic wheat subspecies are useful germplasms for improving the yield and environmental adaptabilities of common wheat. In this issue, Gu et al. (pp. 688-697) report the development of four sets of introgression lines using Chinese endemic subspecies including Tibetan semi-wild wheat, Xinjiang wheat and Yunnan wheat as donors. These introgression lines have been used to improve agronomic traits of bread wheat and to map yield-related QTLs.

Development, identification and utilization of introgression lines using Chinese endemic and synthetic wheat as donors

GU Li-qing, WEI Bo, FAN Ren-chun, et al.

Chromosome segmental introgression lines (ILs) are an effective way to utilize germplasm resources in crops. To improve agronomic traits of wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum) Shi 4185, four sets of ILs were developed. The donors were Chinese endemic subspecies accessions Yunnan wheat (T. aestivumssp.yunnanense) YN3, Tibetan semi-wild wheat (T. aestivumssp. tibetanum) XZ-ZM19450, and Xinjiang wheat (T. aestivumssp. petropavlovskyi) XJ5, and synthetic wheat HC-XM1620 derived from a cross betweenT. durumacc. D67.2/P66.270 withAegilops tauschiiacc. 218. Totals of 356, 366, 445 and 457 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were polymorphic between Shi 4185 and YN3, XZ-ZM19450, XJ5 and HC-XM1620, respectively. In total, 991 ILs were identified, including 300 derived from YN3, covering 95% of the genome of Shi 4185, 218 from XZ-ZM19450 (79%), 279 from XJ5 (97%), and 194 from HC-ZX1620 (84%). The sizes and locations of each introgression were determined from a consensus SSR linkage map. Using the ILs, 11 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and grain number per spike (GNS). Comparative analyses of 24 elite ILs with the parents revealed that the four donor parents could be important resources to improve wheat SL and GNS. Our work offers a case for utilizing endemic landraces for QTL mapping and improvement of wheat cultivars using introgression lines.

Chromosome segmental introgression lines; common wheat; molecular breeding; quantitative trait locus; simple sequence repeat marker