西格列汀对初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响
2015-02-16卓凤婷张丽婷高旭航
卓凤婷,张丽婷,高旭航
西格列汀对初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响
卓凤婷,张丽婷,高旭航
目的 研究西格列汀对初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞功能的影响。方法选择我院门诊2型糖尿病患者69例,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组35例,试验组34例,对照组予二甲双胍治疗,试验组予二甲双胍、西格列汀治疗,12周后比较治疗前后两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、餐后2 h胰岛素(Pins)。结果两组治疗前各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组FPG、PPG、HbA1c、BMI均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组FPG、PPG、HbA1c降低更明显(P<0.05),Fins、Pins水平升高更显著(P<0.05)。结论西格列汀能明显改善初发2型糖尿病患者的胰岛B细胞功能,在临床应用中安全有效。
2型糖尿病;西格列汀;二肽基肽酶抑制剂;B细胞
0 引言
2型糖尿病在我国发病率不断升高,严重威胁社会中坚人群的身体健康,并给我国带来沉重的卫生经济负担[1]。胰岛素分泌缺陷和胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的主要发病机制,二肽基肽酶(DPP)Ⅳ抑制剂西格列汀具有保护胰岛B细胞功能的作用[2],所以在2型糖尿病的治疗中受到广泛关注。本研究在饮食运动联合二甲双胍治疗的基础上,加用西格列汀作为初发2型糖尿病的治疗方案,评价该方案对B细胞功能的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象 选择2013年3-9月我院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病患者69例,均符合1999年WHO制定的糖尿病诊断标准,随机将患者分为对照组和试验组,对照组35例,男18例,女17例,平均年龄(61.65±12.55)岁;试验组34例,男17例,女17例,平均年龄(62.71±12.93)岁。两组患者性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗前两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、餐后2 h胰岛素(Pins)、胰岛素抵抗和B细胞功能水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组一般情况比较见表1。
1.2 研究方法 对照组给予二甲双胍0.5 g tid;试验组给予二甲双胍0.5 g tid,西格列汀100 mg qd。两组均随访12周,同时均予规范糖尿病饮食及运动指导。
1.3 监测指标 监测两组患者FPG、PPG、HbA1c、BMI、Fins、Pins。
1.4 统计学方法 应用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以表示,组内治疗前后比较采用单样本t检验,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=Fins×FPG/22.5,胰岛素功能指数(HOMA-β)=20×Fins/(FPG-3.5)。
表1 两组一般情况比较(例)
2 结果
2.1 两组治疗前后各项指标比较 两组治疗前各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组FPG、PPG、HbA1c、BMI均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),与对照组相比,实验组FPG、PPG、HbA1c降低更明显(P<0.05),Fins、Pins水平显著升高(P<0.05)。两组治疗后HOMA-IR显著下降,HOMA-β显著升高,试验组较对照组HOMA-β升高更显著(见表2)。
表2 两组治疗前后各项指标比较
2.2 不良反应 两组均未出现低血糖反应,试验组发生腹痛、恶心1例。对照组腰酸1例,恶心2例,所有病例均完成12周随访治疗。
3 讨论
西格列汀是一种DPP Ⅳ抑制剂,能抑制DPP Ⅳ水解肠促胰岛激素,增加活性形式的GLP-1和GIP的血浆浓度,从而改善胰腺B细胞依赖葡萄糖促进胰岛素的生物合成与释放,还可以通过增加内源性GLP-1浓度,抑制胰腺A细胞分泌胰高血糖素。另外,本品能延迟胃的排空时间,减少进食量[3]。二甲双胍可以改善胰岛素抵抗,增加外周组织对葡萄糖的利用,减少肝糖输出,通过激活AMPK调节糖脂代谢。
胰岛素分泌缺陷和胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的主要发病机制,Reaven等[4]应用HOMA模型评估B细胞功能时发现,2型糖尿病在初诊时约50%的B细胞功能已经丧失。随着病程逐渐延长,B细胞功能还将进一步减退。在DPP Ⅳ抑制剂出现前,并没有口服药物具有确切改善胰岛B细胞功能的作用,因此,西格列汀的出现也给糖尿病提供了新的治疗方向[5]。二甲双胍在长期的临床实践中展现了改善胰岛素抵抗、降低体重的确切疗效,以及极少出现低血糖的安全性,作为2型糖尿病和糖尿病前期的一线用药在临床中广泛使用。西格列汀可联合多种药物治疗糖尿病,其中就包括与二甲双胍的联用[6-8]。
本研究通过12周的随访,发现通过饮食运动配合二甲双胍的治疗方案使对照组中初发糖尿病患者血糖水平、HbA1c、BMI显著下降,同时,胰岛素抵抗也显著改善,但是胰岛素水平并没有显著提高,以HbA1c<7%为目标的达标率也仅为42.9%(15/35)。而与对照组相比,试验组血糖水平、HbA1c较对照组更低,HbA1c<7%的达标率提高到61.8%(21/34)。试验组胰岛素水平较治疗前显著提高,而BMI与对照组比较未显著升高,通过HOMA模型计算,我们发现两组的治疗方案均能使初发2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗显著改善,同时也显著改善了胰岛B细胞功能。在一些国外的研究中,研究者同样发现西格列汀在糖尿病患者中可以显著改善胰岛B细胞功能[9-10]。
本研究未发现西格列汀的严重药物不良反应,并且1次/d的口服方式也使其具有良好的依从性。在一项荟萃分析中也提到了西格列汀具有良好的安全性和有效性[11]。
综上所述,西格列汀能明显改善初发2型糖尿病患者的胰岛B细胞功能,在临床应用中安全有效,给药方便,具有良好的依从性[12-14],作为初发2型糖尿病一线药物的补充意义重大。
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Effect of sitagliptin on pancreatic B cell function in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
ZHUO Feng-ting,ZHANG Li-ting,GAO Xu-hang
(Department of Endocrinology,The 180th Hospital of PLA,Quanzhou 362000,China)
Objective To explore the effect of sitagliptin on B cell function in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Methods69 outpatients with type 2 diabetes in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n=35) and trial group (n=34),patients were treated with metformin without or with sitagliptin respectively.Two groups were followed up for 12 weeks.Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (PPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),change in body mass index (BMI),fasting plasma insulin (Fins),2 h postprandial plasma insulin (Pins) were recorded in the two groups before and after treatment.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in FPG,PPG,HbA1c,BMI,Fins,Pins before treatment (P>0.05).Compared with the baseline,FPG,PPG,HbA1c,BMI in both two groups declined significantly (P<0.05).After treatment,FPG,PPG,HbA1c were significantly lower,and Fins,Pins were significantly higher in treatment group compared with those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionSitagliptin could obviously improve B cell function in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes,it is safe and effective in clinical application.
Type 2 diabetes;Sitagliptin;Dipeptide peptidase inhibitors;B cell
2014-05-20
中国人民解放军第180医院内分泌科,福建 泉州 362000
10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201505033