Abstracts
2015-01-22
Exploring and Interpreting the Chinese Dream in an Era of Interdependent Hegemony and World Re-ordering
LI Xing
This article intends to provide a framework for comprehending and interpreting the Chinese dream through the theory of “interdependent hegemony”. The emerging powers and the “Second World” are reshaping the world order characterized by “interdependent hegemony”. The concept of “interdependent hegemony” posits that the hegemonic structure of the existing world order, including its values, material wealth and institutions, is in an increasingly interdependent nexus and co-existence with the emerging new world order. The Western dominated world order currently displays structural weakness, while the maintenance of the orders system of hegemony and legitimacy needs inputs from the emerging powers. Interdependent hegemony holds that the international political power center is neither based on the domination and universalization of norms and values by one single country or an alliance of countries, nor is it to be replaced by any alternative hegemonic structure offered by emerging powers. Hegemony still exists, and it exists in a form of “interdependent co-existence”. To interpret and explore the Chinese Dream through the lens of “interdependent hegemony”, it is imperative to study the contents and substance of the Chinese Dream beyond Chinas national level. Accordingly, like the American Dream and the European Dream, the significance of the Chinese Dream has already extended beyond “Chinas self-dream”. The Chinese Dream is being embedded in the transformative processes of regional and global politics, and it is an integral part of the evolution of the world order.
Management of and Cooperation on Strategic Minerals in Chinas Peripheral Diplomacy
YU Hongyuan
Chinas overseas supply of strategic minerals is affected by its neighboring countries through two factors, the transport conditions that guarantee a safe and timely access, and the position of these countries in the global production of strategic mineral resources. Currently the relationship between China and its neighboring countries in strategic mineral resource faces two interrelated challenges: First, the uneven development of political and economic relations between China and its neighboring countries; second, the strategic gaming between China and big powers outside the regionThus, how to adjust the political relations between China and its neighboring countries to stabilize or promote the strategic mineral trading becomes the main content for the two sides. China should more actively promote the concepts of cooperation and development in its neighborhood policy and seek diversified ways including diplomatic guarantee, institution design and channel protection, so as to realize the security of material resources. The peaceful development and common security require active promotion of neighborhood cooperation.
Chinas Climate Assistance in the Framework of South-South Cooperation
FENG Cunwan
Climate assistance is one critical part of the endeavors by international community to address and adapt to climate change, which is implemented by certain countries or international organizations toward those states and regions under direct or indirect impacts of climate change. Due to the comparative advantages of technical and finance capacity, China started to undertake climate assistance in the framework of south-south cooperation at the beginning of 21st century. China has established relatively advanced climate assistance strategic ideas including integrating the climate assistance into the general assistance agenda; adhering to the guidelines of sustainable development and coexistence of south-south and south-north cooperation, and ensuring the principles of equality, mutual trust, tolerance, mutual learning, cooperation and common prosperity. Chinas endeavors in climate assistance to developing countries have not only contributed to the improvement of its systematic climate diplomacy, but also to the model and nature enrichment of foreign assistance, even to the progress of a new international order. To meet the international demands and fulfill its responsibilities, China still needs to build a long-term climate assistance strategy, solidify and deepen the south-south climate cooperation, push forward the climate technology innovation and develop more discourse power in this field.
Experience of Marine Power and Realistic Choice of China
SUN Yuemin and ZHANG Ming
Marine power is a long process in which a nation becomes powerful and grows up by the marine. Marine power is also the goal of maritime rise of a nation which has strong comprehensive strength as well as international influence in the understanding, development, utilization, and management of the marine. In the twenty-first century, it is necessary to build China into a maritime power in order to consolidate the achievements of land economy, surmount American ocean hegemony and construct the “international harmonious ocean”. During its maritime rise, China is neither confined by a shortage of land resources such as in Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Britain or other early European colonial maritime powers, nor does it have to follow the path of the US maritime hegemony. In the meantime, China has yet to learn from the lessons of the ancient history where its maritime rise failed to translate into a strong maritime power status. Building China into a maritime power will not only promote the integration of its land and marine economy and safeguard its maritime rights and interests, but it will also enhance the sustainable development of ocean resources, protect international trade routes and develop its international marine influence.
Why Does Mongolia Still Not Seek Full Membership in the SCO?
LI Chao and YANG Shu
From whichever perspective, Mongolia should have formally joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). On the one hand, since Mongolia became the first observer country of the SCO in 2004, it has participated in SCO events for more than ten years. On the other hand, in all the SCO observer countries, Mongolia becoming a full-member would be least controversial. But in the past ten years, Mongolia has always been cautious in joining the SCO formally. The author believes that the fundamental reason is domestic factors rather than external obstacles. Specifically, the domestic factors include three levels of the Mongolias foreign strategy, foreign policy and diplomacy layout. Firstly, the full-member of the SCO does not comply with Mongolia's foreign strategy. Secondly, the SCO is not congruous to the foreign policy of Mongolia. Lastly, the Mongolian diplomatic relations in Central Asia are not a policy priority. Although there is an expectation gap in the outside world, these factors cause a negative attitude of Mongolia toward becoming a full-member of the SCO. As long as these three factors remain, Mongolia will continue to be an observer country of the SCO in the foreseeable future.
A Tentative Analysis of the Relationship between Creative Involvement of Chinas Diplomacy and the Cross-border Security Cooperation
TAN Tan and CHEN Jianfeng
With the ever more intense exchanges between China and its neighboring countries, and the increasing cross-border security threats, China's diplomacy faces a major challenge, especially in cross-border security cooperation. After the Mekong Massacre in 2011, China launched a series of follow-up actions which has been called the "Creative Involvement" of Chinas diplomacy. It is a successful but preliminary attempt in Chinas cross-border security cooperation. Questions remain as to whether it is in accordance with the international law, and whether it is of international legitimacy or has significance to China's future cross-border security cooperation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze Chinas follow-up actions in dealing with the case of Mekong Massacre in 2011 from the perspective of international law. In fact, China has jurisdiction of the incident and China has obtained the relevant countrys acceptance or assent to arresting, extraditing, trying the suspects and executing the sentences. In other words, Chinese Creative Involvement in the case is not only consistent with international legal norms and rules, but it also enhances its international influence in Southeast Asia. It has been a landmark of Chinas international judicatory cooperation. Although its universal significance cannot be overestimated, it will surely have implications on Chinas future cross-border security cooperation, civil protection, and the protection of Chinas overseas interest.
The Normalization of “East Turkistan” Terrorist Activities and the Governance Path
ZHAO Guojun
In recent years, terrorist activities of “East Turkistan” have happened more frequently, which presents the trend of normalization. Specifically, the index, mode, territory and target of terrorist activities of “East Turkistan” have become normalized, which led to the high frequency of the terrorist activities of “East Turkistan” in a certain period of time, among which the small-scale terrorist activities may continue to increase. The situation is the result of interaction between inside and outside factors related to the overflow of extremist religious thoughts and the increasingly grim situation of global anti-terrorism. In addition, the severe situation is also inseparable from the indulgence and encouragement of external forces. As an overall consideration for the threat of the normalized “East Turkistan” terrorism over a certain period, and the vulnerability of China, a long-term mechanism is required to be established as an immediate calling for correspondent resolutions. Such a long-term mechanism is expected to be effective for complex causes of “East Turkistan” terrorism, and therefore would serve multiple purposes—on one hand, to enhance internal management, and comprehensive management of terrorism to eliminate the root of separatism and terrorism; on the other hand, to strengthen international cooperation against terrorism to squeeze the living space of “East Turkistan” terrorists. Furthermore, we should also have a clear awareness of the trap of “global Jihad” to avoid repeating the mistakes of the American counter-terrorism. We also need to enhance all kinds of bilateral and multilateral cooperation, especially with the Islamic world and Anti-terrorism cooperation under the framework of the United Nations.
How to Deal with Home-Grown Terrorism?
A Case Study on “East Turkistan” Violent Terrorist Activities
XIE Guiping and YANG Dongping
Home-grown terrorism is becoming a global phenomenon, although it also has profound external reasons. More and more violent terrorist incidents breaking out in Xinjiang and other provinces show that Chinas home-grown terrorist risks and threats are on the rise. The historical development of the “East Turkistan” shows that it has a profound and long-term endogenous source, and complex external factors or exogenous factors also plays a part. This not only causes serious and profound harm but also exacerbates the difficulty of Chinas response to the home-grown terrorism. To effectively deal with home-grown terrorism, we must take a comprehensive approach to enhance early warning, prevention and emergency management ability, and fully mobilize the power of multiple actors such as the international community, the state, society and citizens, so as to form a new pattern of collective involvement in anti-terrorism.
Implications of Malaysian Airlines Incidents for International Civil Aviation Security Governance
XUE Lei
The main focus of this article lies in the exploration of new challenges posed to international civilian aviation security by the two incidents of Malaysian airlines. It first makes a brief survey of the existing legal framework and organizational structure concerning international civilian aviation security. Then it focuses on the specific problems raised by the two incidents respectively. On the one hand, the missing of MH370 presents the issue of uninterrupted global tracking of civilian aircrafts. It is also concerned with the coordination of joint maritime search and rescue operations. On the other hand, the shooting down of MH17 in the airspace above the eastern region of Ukraine raises doubts over the safety and reliability of civil flights flying over conflict zones. There is a need to reaffirm the obligation undertaken by states around the world to secure the safety of civilian aircrafts and also to ensure that non-state armed groups be held responsible and accountable. It also touches upon the issue of proliferation of anti-aircraft missile technology and equipments, which means that we need to sign new treaties or revise old ones to expand the scope of anti-proliferation of WMDs so as to prevent the threats of use of weapons against civilian aircrafts.