英译汉过程中的词的译法
2014-09-17邓斌
摘要:词的翻译至关重要,极其细微,所以严复曾说:“一名之立,旬月踟蹰”。择词的过程可以说是译者将原文放在一定环境下在译文中寻求对应的表达来传递相同内涵的过程。因此,选择正确的词汇是保障译文质量的首要条件。要做到正确的选择词汇,译者又不得不考虑词的翻译方法。
关键词:择词 翻译法 质量
(一)词性转换
词性转换是翻译中常用的翻译方法。词性转换就是把英语中的某种词性,转换成汉语中的另外一种词性来表达的翻译手段。
1.转译成动词
和英语比较起来,汉语多用动词。在英语句子中往往只用一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以将几个动词连用。如:
原文:I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.
译文:你决定战胜复习考试中的困难,这点我很钦佩。
原文:The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
译文:看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的飞机声,我特别神往。
原文:千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。(选自《江雪》柳宗元)
译文: From hill to hill no birds in flight, from path to path no man in sight. (by Xu Yuanchong)
2.转译成名词
原文:To them, he personified the absolute power.
译文:在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
原文:He was treated very badly by the press during this period.
译文:在这期间,他受到了新闻界极不公正的对待。
(二)增词法
所谓增词法,就是在翻译时按意义上(或者修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更通顺地表达原文的思想。但要注意,不能无中生有地随意增词。如:
原文:In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué(公报).
译文:晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看兵乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。(增加动词)
原文:Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
译文:由于对语言和思维关系感兴趣,沃尔夫渐渐形成了这样一个观点,即在一个社会中,语言的结构决定了习惯思维的结构。(增加副词)
原文:Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
译文:玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,就靠洗衣服维持生活。(增加名词)
原文:Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.
译文:记着纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。(增加数词)
原文:The lion is the king of animals.
译文:狮子是百兽之王。(增加数词)
原文:Flowers bloom all over the yard.
译文:朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。(增加数词)
(三)重复法
重复法是指在译文中适当地重复原文中出现过的词语,以使意思表达得更加清楚;或者进一步加强语气,强调某些内容,收到更好的修辞效果。如:
原文:Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems.
译文:必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。(重复名词)
原文:Light travels more quickly than sound does.
译文:光传播的速度要比声音的传播速度快得多。(重复动词)
原文:Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
譯文:杰西睁开眼睛,眼里充满了泪水。(重复代词)
原文:Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
译文:谁违反了纪律,谁就应该受到批评。(重复代词)
(四)翻译例析:
原文:The emphasis on data gathered first –hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective, makes this study a unique and important social science.
译文:强调收集第一手资料,加上跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特且重要的社会科学。
原文:Japanese voters granted Prime Minister Abe (安倍)more freedom to pursue his ambitious growth agenda and muscular foreign policy by handing his ruling coalition a landslide victory that is expected to reverberate through Japans economy and global financial markets.
译文:日本选民赋予首相安倍领导的执政联盟以压倒性胜利,从而使他能更自由地推行其野心勃勃的经济增长计划和强硬的外教政策。人们预计此次胜利将给日本经济和全球金融市场带来影响。
原文:Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.
译文:与新技术息息相关的是一些现代商人,他们日益看重国外生意的经济价值。
作者简介:邓斌(1989-),男,河北廊坊人,硕士,英语笔译(M T I)专业, 研究方向:人文社科翻译
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[2]唐静.考研英语拆分与组合翻译法[M].群言出版社,2013
[3]张培基.英汉翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2008
[4]卢敏. 英语笔译实务二级[M].外文出版社,2012