2型糖尿病患者同型半胱氨酸与左心室射血分数相关性研究
2014-09-12周莉莉赵书山陶然楼晓佳
周莉莉+赵书山+陶然+楼晓佳
[摘要] 目的 近年有许多关于同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与左心室射血分数(LVEF)相关性的研究。但在2型糖尿病患者中,两者关系仍不清楚。本研究将评估2型糖尿病患者Hcy与LVEF的相关性。 方法 选择2型糖尿病患者72例,按是否合并冠心病分为两组,均检测血Hcy、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)等水平。心脏超声评估LVEF。结果 两组患者收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、TC及TG比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯糖尿病组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的危险因素[OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408)];糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,Hcy是2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者LVEF<55%的危险因素。
[关键词] 同型半胱氨酸;2型糖尿病; 左心室射血分数
[中图分类号] R587.1[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)18-0001-03
Correlation analysis on serum homocysteine and left ventricular ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
ZHOU Lili1 ZHAO Shushan2 TAO Ran3 LOU Xiaojia1
1.Department of Endocrinology,Dongyang City Peoples Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Dongyang 322100, China; 2.Department of Rheumatology DongyangCity Peoples Hospital,in Zhejiang Province, Dongyang 322100, China; 3.The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing210000, China
[Abstract] Objective A link between homocysteine (Hcy) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) emerged from recent studies but was yet not explored specifically in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between LVEF and Hcy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 72 type 2 diabetic patients were selected for this study and were divided into two groups(40 examples with coronary heart disease, 32 examples without coronary heart disease) javascript: Serum Hcy,glycosylated hemoglobin,cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were analyzed.LVEF was assessed by echocardiography. Results There was no difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol and triglyceride in two groups of patients(P>0.05); The serum Hcy was obviously higher in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease compared to those without (P<0.05);Factors significantly associated with a LVEF < 55% were serum Hcy OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.The serum Hcy had significant negatively correlation with LVEF(r=-0.706,P=0.000) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion This study highlights an inverse relationship between Hcy and LVEF in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.The serum Hcy is a risk factor associated with a LVEF < 55%.
[Key words] Homocysteine;Type 2 diabetes mellitus;Left ventricular ejection fraction
近年来,越来越多的报道显示,炎性反应在2型糖尿病及其大血管并发症发生、发展中起着重要作用[1]。有研究发现,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血浆水平的升高可引起血管损伤、动脉粥样硬化及血栓性疾病,是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。因此本研究将通过对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血浆Hcy及超声心动图的检测,探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者是否存在Hcy代谢异常及其与左室射血分数的相关性。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 选择2012年1~9月温州医学院附属东阳医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者40例,其中男22例,女18例,平均年龄(54.3±8.2)岁,平均病程(5.2±0.8)年,符合1999年WHO的2型糖尿病诊断标准,冠心病纳入标准依照1979年国际心脏病学会及世界卫生组织临床命名标准化联合专题组报告《缺血性心脏病的命名及诊断标准》。选取同期住院的单纯2型糖尿病排除冠心病患者32例,其中男17例,女15例,平均年龄(53.8±8.0)岁,平均病程(4.7±0.6)年。以上病例均排除恶性肿瘤、肝肾功能损害、甲状腺疾病、结缔组织病、近期感染、外科手术和严重创伤等病症及近期服用叶酸、B族维生素及利尿剂者。两组患者在性别、年龄及病程方面比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。1.2 心脏彩超检测 所有入选的2型糖尿病患者入院后均进行心脏超声检查。采用美国Phillip公司生产的SD-800彩色多普勒超声仪,探头频率2.5MHz,常规检测患者左室射血分数(LVEF)等项目。1.3 血清学检测 清晨采空服静脉血5mL,注入肝素抗凝管内均匀离心后,分离血浆,进行血浆Hcy测定,血浆Hcy检测采用免疫比浊法。同时检测其他指标:如甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)等,均使用日立7600-120全自动生化分析仪检测。糖化血红蛋白检测采用高效液相色谱法测定。1.4 观察指标收集患者临床资料:性别、年龄、病程、血压、TC、TG、HbA1c、血浆Hcy及心脏彩超检测结果。1.5 统计学方法 数据分析采用SPSS13.0统计学软件,计量资料以(x±s)表示,经方差齐性检验后,采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;相关分析采用pearson相关分析;多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 两组患者血清学指标比较如表1所示,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯2型糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者HbA1c、TC、TG、收缩压及舒张压比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。2.2 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组危险因素的Logistic回归分析在2型糖尿病合并冠心病组,以是否EF<55%(n=14)为因变量Y(1=是,0=否);自变量分别为Hcy、性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、血压及血脂等为自变量。统计学计算得出仅仅高Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素,OR=1.211,95%可信区间1.041~1.408,P=0.013。见表2。表2 EF<55%危险因素的Logistic回归分析结果2.3 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF相关性分析 将2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF进行相关性分析,如图1所示,Pearson相关分析显示2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。见封三图1。3 讨论LVEF是指心搏出量占心室舒张末期的百分比,健康成年人的射血分数约为55%~65%。它能更准确地反映左心功能不全,广泛关注LVEF降低的患者,并给予早期积极干预以有效的治疗是重要的。慢性心功能不全的常见风险因素包括高龄、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和冠心病[2]。2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的患病率是正常人群的2~4倍[3]。因此2型糖尿病患者发现新的慢性心功能不全风险因素将具有重要意义,能帮助我们更好地预防2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的发生。Hcy是一个由甲硫氨酸脱甲基而形成的含硫氨基酸。有研究发现,糖尿病患者存在Hcy代谢异常,其机制不清楚,可能与胰岛素缺乏或作用减弱时血清Hcy清除率降低有关[4],导致血浆Hcy升高,胰岛素还可能通过影响其他激素的分泌及调节Hcy代谢中某些关键酶的活性使血清Hcy升高[5]。Hcy是正常人群慢性心功能不全的一个新的风险因素,循环Hcy水平与慢性心功能不全的严重性或LVEF存在负相关已被证实[6]。而且,Hcy与LVEF之间的负相关性即使在没有冠心病的患者也存在,提示Hcy对心肌有直接的毒性[7]。本研究证实,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者较单纯2型糖尿病患者Hcy增高,提示Hcy在2型糖尿病患者冠心病的发病中起到一定的作用。同时我们也发现,Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素且Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,证实了Hcy可损伤2型糖尿病患者心肌组织,动物研究显示,Hcy对心肌组织有毒性作用,可导致心肌梗死和功能紊乱[8],Hcy可以引起小鼠心肌氧化应激增加[9],直接造成血管内皮细胞损伤和功能异常,引起血管内皮细胞的衰老、自由基产生增多及血管舒张反应降低[10]。Hcy还可使血管内皮暴露在糖基化终末产物,引起内皮损伤,所以高Hcy血症加速血管病变的发生和进展[11],进一步可引起冠心病的发病及心功能不全。对Hcy水平与血管性疾病的关系的研究已取得了较大的进展,有报道无急性心肌梗死病史的患者中,高Hcy血症是慢性心衰的独立危险因素。同时,高Hcy血症与糖尿病血管疾病呈显著相关,有可能是糖尿病患者血管疾病发生和临床进展加速的一个重要因素。有研究[12]表明,糖尿病左心舒张功能障碍的患者血清中N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与血浆Hcy两者之间存着显著正相关,因此,Hcy水平升高刺激心脏脑钠肽分泌而导致左室心功能不全。因此筛查Hcy水平对于2型糖尿病冠心病患者的一级、二级预防可能具有重要意义。轻度增加的Hcy可通过生活方式和饮食调整如停止吸烟、减少食用咖啡及平衡摄入维生素B12和叶酸而改善[13]。另外,考虑到Hcy对心机组织的氧化应激毒性,所以,抗氧化治疗可能是高Hcy浓度患者的新方法。笔者认为,在没有肾脏合并症且具有正常Hcy浓度的新发2型糖尿病患者,前瞻性研究Hcy对LVEF作用是非常必要的。通过靶向Hcy本身或其相关氧化应激的新的预防及治疗途径在未来临床将具有重大意义。[参考文献] [1] Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H. RAGE-Mediated inflammation, type 2 diabetes and diabetic vascular complication[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2013,21:105.[2] Kamalutdinov SR, Popov VV, Ivanova TN. Signs of chronic cardiac insufficiency in merchant marine sailors on long voyages[J]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med,2012,46:64-67. [3] Holland C, Cooper Y, Shaw R,et al. Effectiveness and uptake of screening programmes for coronary heart disease and diabetes: A realist review of design components used in interventions[J]. BMJ Open,2013,7(3):3428. [4] Ebesunun MO,Obajobi EO. Elevated plasma homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases[J]. Pan Afr Med J,2012,12:48. [5] Huang T, Ren J, Huang J,et al. Association of homocysteine with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis implementing Mendelian randomization approach[J]. BMC Genomics,2013, 10(14):867. [6] El Safoury OS, Ezzat M, Abdelhamid MF,et al. The evaluation of the impact of age, skin tags, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and smoking on homocysteine, endothelin-1, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and on the Heart[J]. Indian J Dermatol,2013, 58(4):326. [7] Tekin AS, Sengül CK,laslan B,et al. The value of serum homocysteine in predicting one-year survival in patients with severe systolicheart failure[J]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars,2012,40(8):699-705. [8] Zivkovic V,Jakovljevic V,Djordjevic D,et al. The effects of homocysteine-related compounds on cardiac contractility, coronary flow, and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat heart[J]. Mol Cell Biochem,2012,370:59-67. [9] Kolling J, Scherer EB, da Cunha AA,et al. Homocysteine induces oxidative-nitrative stress in heart of rats: prevention by folic acid[J]. Cardiovasc Toxicol,2011, 11(1):67-73. [10] Isiklar OO,Barutcuo lu B,Kabaro lu C,et al. Do cardiac risk factors affect the homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine relationship in patients with coronary artery diseases[J]. Clin Biochem,2012,45:1325-1330. [11] Wang D, Wang H, Luo P,et al. Effects of ghrelin on homocysteine-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in rat cardiacmicrovascular endothelial cells[J]. Cell Biol Int,2012,36:511-517. [12] Pena-Duque MA, Banos-González MA, Valente-Acosta B,et al. Homocysteine is related to aortic mineralization in patients with ischemic heart disease[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb,2012,19(3):292-7.[13] Armitage JM,Bowman L,Clarke RJ,et al. Study of the effectiveness of additional reductionsin cholesterol and homocysteine (SEARCH) collaborative group, effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs. placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: A randomized trial[J]. JAMA,2010, 303:2486-2494.(收稿日期:2013-11-18)
[摘要] 目的 近年有许多关于同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与左心室射血分数(LVEF)相关性的研究。但在2型糖尿病患者中,两者关系仍不清楚。本研究将评估2型糖尿病患者Hcy与LVEF的相关性。 方法 选择2型糖尿病患者72例,按是否合并冠心病分为两组,均检测血Hcy、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)等水平。心脏超声评估LVEF。结果 两组患者收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、TC及TG比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯糖尿病组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的危险因素[OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408)];糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,Hcy是2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者LVEF<55%的危险因素。
[关键词] 同型半胱氨酸;2型糖尿病; 左心室射血分数
[中图分类号] R587.1[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)18-0001-03
Correlation analysis on serum homocysteine and left ventricular ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
ZHOU Lili1 ZHAO Shushan2 TAO Ran3 LOU Xiaojia1
1.Department of Endocrinology,Dongyang City Peoples Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Dongyang 322100, China; 2.Department of Rheumatology DongyangCity Peoples Hospital,in Zhejiang Province, Dongyang 322100, China; 3.The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing210000, China
[Abstract] Objective A link between homocysteine (Hcy) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) emerged from recent studies but was yet not explored specifically in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between LVEF and Hcy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 72 type 2 diabetic patients were selected for this study and were divided into two groups(40 examples with coronary heart disease, 32 examples without coronary heart disease) javascript: Serum Hcy,glycosylated hemoglobin,cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were analyzed.LVEF was assessed by echocardiography. Results There was no difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol and triglyceride in two groups of patients(P>0.05); The serum Hcy was obviously higher in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease compared to those without (P<0.05);Factors significantly associated with a LVEF < 55% were serum Hcy OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.The serum Hcy had significant negatively correlation with LVEF(r=-0.706,P=0.000) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion This study highlights an inverse relationship between Hcy and LVEF in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.The serum Hcy is a risk factor associated with a LVEF < 55%.
[Key words] Homocysteine;Type 2 diabetes mellitus;Left ventricular ejection fraction
近年来,越来越多的报道显示,炎性反应在2型糖尿病及其大血管并发症发生、发展中起着重要作用[1]。有研究发现,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血浆水平的升高可引起血管损伤、动脉粥样硬化及血栓性疾病,是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。因此本研究将通过对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血浆Hcy及超声心动图的检测,探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者是否存在Hcy代谢异常及其与左室射血分数的相关性。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 选择2012年1~9月温州医学院附属东阳医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者40例,其中男22例,女18例,平均年龄(54.3±8.2)岁,平均病程(5.2±0.8)年,符合1999年WHO的2型糖尿病诊断标准,冠心病纳入标准依照1979年国际心脏病学会及世界卫生组织临床命名标准化联合专题组报告《缺血性心脏病的命名及诊断标准》。选取同期住院的单纯2型糖尿病排除冠心病患者32例,其中男17例,女15例,平均年龄(53.8±8.0)岁,平均病程(4.7±0.6)年。以上病例均排除恶性肿瘤、肝肾功能损害、甲状腺疾病、结缔组织病、近期感染、外科手术和严重创伤等病症及近期服用叶酸、B族维生素及利尿剂者。两组患者在性别、年龄及病程方面比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。1.2 心脏彩超检测 所有入选的2型糖尿病患者入院后均进行心脏超声检查。采用美国Phillip公司生产的SD-800彩色多普勒超声仪,探头频率2.5MHz,常规检测患者左室射血分数(LVEF)等项目。1.3 血清学检测 清晨采空服静脉血5mL,注入肝素抗凝管内均匀离心后,分离血浆,进行血浆Hcy测定,血浆Hcy检测采用免疫比浊法。同时检测其他指标:如甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)等,均使用日立7600-120全自动生化分析仪检测。糖化血红蛋白检测采用高效液相色谱法测定。1.4 观察指标收集患者临床资料:性别、年龄、病程、血压、TC、TG、HbA1c、血浆Hcy及心脏彩超检测结果。1.5 统计学方法 数据分析采用SPSS13.0统计学软件,计量资料以(x±s)表示,经方差齐性检验后,采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;相关分析采用pearson相关分析;多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 两组患者血清学指标比较如表1所示,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯2型糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者HbA1c、TC、TG、收缩压及舒张压比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。2.2 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组危险因素的Logistic回归分析在2型糖尿病合并冠心病组,以是否EF<55%(n=14)为因变量Y(1=是,0=否);自变量分别为Hcy、性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、血压及血脂等为自变量。统计学计算得出仅仅高Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素,OR=1.211,95%可信区间1.041~1.408,P=0.013。见表2。表2 EF<55%危险因素的Logistic回归分析结果2.3 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF相关性分析 将2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF进行相关性分析,如图1所示,Pearson相关分析显示2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。见封三图1。3 讨论LVEF是指心搏出量占心室舒张末期的百分比,健康成年人的射血分数约为55%~65%。它能更准确地反映左心功能不全,广泛关注LVEF降低的患者,并给予早期积极干预以有效的治疗是重要的。慢性心功能不全的常见风险因素包括高龄、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和冠心病[2]。2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的患病率是正常人群的2~4倍[3]。因此2型糖尿病患者发现新的慢性心功能不全风险因素将具有重要意义,能帮助我们更好地预防2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的发生。Hcy是一个由甲硫氨酸脱甲基而形成的含硫氨基酸。有研究发现,糖尿病患者存在Hcy代谢异常,其机制不清楚,可能与胰岛素缺乏或作用减弱时血清Hcy清除率降低有关[4],导致血浆Hcy升高,胰岛素还可能通过影响其他激素的分泌及调节Hcy代谢中某些关键酶的活性使血清Hcy升高[5]。Hcy是正常人群慢性心功能不全的一个新的风险因素,循环Hcy水平与慢性心功能不全的严重性或LVEF存在负相关已被证实[6]。而且,Hcy与LVEF之间的负相关性即使在没有冠心病的患者也存在,提示Hcy对心肌有直接的毒性[7]。本研究证实,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者较单纯2型糖尿病患者Hcy增高,提示Hcy在2型糖尿病患者冠心病的发病中起到一定的作用。同时我们也发现,Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素且Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,证实了Hcy可损伤2型糖尿病患者心肌组织,动物研究显示,Hcy对心肌组织有毒性作用,可导致心肌梗死和功能紊乱[8],Hcy可以引起小鼠心肌氧化应激增加[9],直接造成血管内皮细胞损伤和功能异常,引起血管内皮细胞的衰老、自由基产生增多及血管舒张反应降低[10]。Hcy还可使血管内皮暴露在糖基化终末产物,引起内皮损伤,所以高Hcy血症加速血管病变的发生和进展[11],进一步可引起冠心病的发病及心功能不全。对Hcy水平与血管性疾病的关系的研究已取得了较大的进展,有报道无急性心肌梗死病史的患者中,高Hcy血症是慢性心衰的独立危险因素。同时,高Hcy血症与糖尿病血管疾病呈显著相关,有可能是糖尿病患者血管疾病发生和临床进展加速的一个重要因素。有研究[12]表明,糖尿病左心舒张功能障碍的患者血清中N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与血浆Hcy两者之间存着显著正相关,因此,Hcy水平升高刺激心脏脑钠肽分泌而导致左室心功能不全。因此筛查Hcy水平对于2型糖尿病冠心病患者的一级、二级预防可能具有重要意义。轻度增加的Hcy可通过生活方式和饮食调整如停止吸烟、减少食用咖啡及平衡摄入维生素B12和叶酸而改善[13]。另外,考虑到Hcy对心机组织的氧化应激毒性,所以,抗氧化治疗可能是高Hcy浓度患者的新方法。笔者认为,在没有肾脏合并症且具有正常Hcy浓度的新发2型糖尿病患者,前瞻性研究Hcy对LVEF作用是非常必要的。通过靶向Hcy本身或其相关氧化应激的新的预防及治疗途径在未来临床将具有重大意义。[参考文献] [1] Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H. RAGE-Mediated inflammation, type 2 diabetes and diabetic vascular complication[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2013,21:105.[2] Kamalutdinov SR, Popov VV, Ivanova TN. Signs of chronic cardiac insufficiency in merchant marine sailors on long voyages[J]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med,2012,46:64-67. [3] Holland C, Cooper Y, Shaw R,et al. Effectiveness and uptake of screening programmes for coronary heart disease and diabetes: A realist review of design components used in interventions[J]. BMJ Open,2013,7(3):3428. [4] Ebesunun MO,Obajobi EO. Elevated plasma homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases[J]. Pan Afr Med J,2012,12:48. [5] Huang T, Ren J, Huang J,et al. Association of homocysteine with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis implementing Mendelian randomization approach[J]. BMC Genomics,2013, 10(14):867. [6] El Safoury OS, Ezzat M, Abdelhamid MF,et al. The evaluation of the impact of age, skin tags, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and smoking on homocysteine, endothelin-1, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and on the Heart[J]. Indian J Dermatol,2013, 58(4):326. [7] Tekin AS, Sengül CK,laslan B,et al. The value of serum homocysteine in predicting one-year survival in patients with severe systolicheart failure[J]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars,2012,40(8):699-705. [8] Zivkovic V,Jakovljevic V,Djordjevic D,et al. The effects of homocysteine-related compounds on cardiac contractility, coronary flow, and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat heart[J]. Mol Cell Biochem,2012,370:59-67. [9] Kolling J, Scherer EB, da Cunha AA,et al. Homocysteine induces oxidative-nitrative stress in heart of rats: prevention by folic acid[J]. Cardiovasc Toxicol,2011, 11(1):67-73. [10] Isiklar OO,Barutcuo lu B,Kabaro lu C,et al. Do cardiac risk factors affect the homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine relationship in patients with coronary artery diseases[J]. Clin Biochem,2012,45:1325-1330. [11] Wang D, Wang H, Luo P,et al. Effects of ghrelin on homocysteine-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in rat cardiacmicrovascular endothelial cells[J]. Cell Biol Int,2012,36:511-517. [12] Pena-Duque MA, Banos-González MA, Valente-Acosta B,et al. Homocysteine is related to aortic mineralization in patients with ischemic heart disease[J]. J Atheroscler Thromb,2012,19(3):292-7.[13] Armitage JM,Bowman L,Clarke RJ,et al. Study of the effectiveness of additional reductionsin cholesterol and homocysteine (SEARCH) collaborative group, effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs. placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: A randomized trial[J]. JAMA,2010, 303:2486-2494.(收稿日期:2013-11-18)
[摘要] 目的 近年有许多关于同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与左心室射血分数(LVEF)相关性的研究。但在2型糖尿病患者中,两者关系仍不清楚。本研究将评估2型糖尿病患者Hcy与LVEF的相关性。 方法 选择2型糖尿病患者72例,按是否合并冠心病分为两组,均检测血Hcy、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)等水平。心脏超声评估LVEF。结果 两组患者收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、TC及TG比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯糖尿病组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的危险因素[OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408)];糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,Hcy是2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者LVEF<55%的危险因素。
[关键词] 同型半胱氨酸;2型糖尿病; 左心室射血分数
[中图分类号] R587.1[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)18-0001-03
Correlation analysis on serum homocysteine and left ventricular ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
ZHOU Lili1 ZHAO Shushan2 TAO Ran3 LOU Xiaojia1
1.Department of Endocrinology,Dongyang City Peoples Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Dongyang 322100, China; 2.Department of Rheumatology DongyangCity Peoples Hospital,in Zhejiang Province, Dongyang 322100, China; 3.The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing210000, China
[Abstract] Objective A link between homocysteine (Hcy) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) emerged from recent studies but was yet not explored specifically in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between LVEF and Hcy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 72 type 2 diabetic patients were selected for this study and were divided into two groups(40 examples with coronary heart disease, 32 examples without coronary heart disease) javascript: Serum Hcy,glycosylated hemoglobin,cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were analyzed.LVEF was assessed by echocardiography. Results There was no difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol and triglyceride in two groups of patients(P>0.05); The serum Hcy was obviously higher in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease compared to those without (P<0.05);Factors significantly associated with a LVEF < 55% were serum Hcy OR=1.211(95%CI 1.041~1.408) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.The serum Hcy had significant negatively correlation with LVEF(r=-0.706,P=0.000) in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion This study highlights an inverse relationship between Hcy and LVEF in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.The serum Hcy is a risk factor associated with a LVEF < 55%.
[Key words] Homocysteine;Type 2 diabetes mellitus;Left ventricular ejection fraction
近年来,越来越多的报道显示,炎性反应在2型糖尿病及其大血管并发症发生、发展中起着重要作用[1]。有研究发现,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血浆水平的升高可引起血管损伤、动脉粥样硬化及血栓性疾病,是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。因此本研究将通过对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血浆Hcy及超声心动图的检测,探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者是否存在Hcy代谢异常及其与左室射血分数的相关性。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 选择2012年1~9月温州医学院附属东阳医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者40例,其中男22例,女18例,平均年龄(54.3±8.2)岁,平均病程(5.2±0.8)年,符合1999年WHO的2型糖尿病诊断标准,冠心病纳入标准依照1979年国际心脏病学会及世界卫生组织临床命名标准化联合专题组报告《缺血性心脏病的命名及诊断标准》。选取同期住院的单纯2型糖尿病排除冠心病患者32例,其中男17例,女15例,平均年龄(53.8±8.0)岁,平均病程(4.7±0.6)年。以上病例均排除恶性肿瘤、肝肾功能损害、甲状腺疾病、结缔组织病、近期感染、外科手术和严重创伤等病症及近期服用叶酸、B族维生素及利尿剂者。两组患者在性别、年龄及病程方面比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。1.2 心脏彩超检测 所有入选的2型糖尿病患者入院后均进行心脏超声检查。采用美国Phillip公司生产的SD-800彩色多普勒超声仪,探头频率2.5MHz,常规检测患者左室射血分数(LVEF)等项目。1.3 血清学检测 清晨采空服静脉血5mL,注入肝素抗凝管内均匀离心后,分离血浆,进行血浆Hcy测定,血浆Hcy检测采用免疫比浊法。同时检测其他指标:如甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)等,均使用日立7600-120全自动生化分析仪检测。糖化血红蛋白检测采用高效液相色谱法测定。1.4 观察指标收集患者临床资料:性别、年龄、病程、血压、TC、TG、HbA1c、血浆Hcy及心脏彩超检测结果。1.5 统计学方法 数据分析采用SPSS13.0统计学软件,计量资料以(x±s)表示,经方差齐性检验后,采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;相关分析采用pearson相关分析;多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 两组患者血清学指标比较如表1所示,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组Hcy明显高于单纯2型糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者HbA1c、TC、TG、收缩压及舒张压比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。2.2 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组危险因素的Logistic回归分析在2型糖尿病合并冠心病组,以是否EF<55%(n=14)为因变量Y(1=是,0=否);自变量分别为Hcy、性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、血压及血脂等为自变量。统计学计算得出仅仅高Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素,OR=1.211,95%可信区间1.041~1.408,P=0.013。见表2。表2 EF<55%危险因素的Logistic回归分析结果2.3 2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF相关性分析 将2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF进行相关性分析,如图1所示,Pearson相关分析显示2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者血Hcy水平与LVEF明显负相关(r=-0.706,P=0.000)。见封三图1。3 讨论LVEF是指心搏出量占心室舒张末期的百分比,健康成年人的射血分数约为55%~65%。它能更准确地反映左心功能不全,广泛关注LVEF降低的患者,并给予早期积极干预以有效的治疗是重要的。慢性心功能不全的常见风险因素包括高龄、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和冠心病[2]。2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的患病率是正常人群的2~4倍[3]。因此2型糖尿病患者发现新的慢性心功能不全风险因素将具有重要意义,能帮助我们更好地预防2型糖尿病患者慢性心功能不全的发生。Hcy是一个由甲硫氨酸脱甲基而形成的含硫氨基酸。有研究发现,糖尿病患者存在Hcy代谢异常,其机制不清楚,可能与胰岛素缺乏或作用减弱时血清Hcy清除率降低有关[4],导致血浆Hcy升高,胰岛素还可能通过影响其他激素的分泌及调节Hcy代谢中某些关键酶的活性使血清Hcy升高[5]。Hcy是正常人群慢性心功能不全的一个新的风险因素,循环Hcy水平与慢性心功能不全的严重性或LVEF存在负相关已被证实[6]。而且,Hcy与LVEF之间的负相关性即使在没有冠心病的患者也存在,提示Hcy对心肌有直接的毒性[7]。本研究证实,2型糖尿病合并冠心病组患者较单纯2型糖尿病患者Hcy增高,提示Hcy在2型糖尿病患者冠心病的发病中起到一定的作用。同时我们也发现,Hcy是糖尿病合并冠心病组LVEF<55%的独立危险因素且Hcy与LVEF呈负相关,证实了Hcy可损伤2型糖尿病患者心肌组织,动物研究显示,Hcy对心肌组织有毒性作用,可导致心肌梗死和功能紊乱[8],Hcy可以引起小鼠心肌氧化应激增加[9],直接造成血管内皮细胞损伤和功能异常,引起血管内皮细胞的衰老、自由基产生增多及血管舒张反应降低[10]。Hcy还可使血管内皮暴露在糖基化终末产物,引起内皮损伤,所以高Hcy血症加速血管病变的发生和进展[11],进一步可引起冠心病的发病及心功能不全。对Hcy水平与血管性疾病的关系的研究已取得了较大的进展,有报道无急性心肌梗死病史的患者中,高Hcy血症是慢性心衰的独立危险因素。同时,高Hcy血症与糖尿病血管疾病呈显著相关,有可能是糖尿病患者血管疾病发生和临床进展加速的一个重要因素。有研究[12]表明,糖尿病左心舒张功能障碍的患者血清中N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与血浆Hcy两者之间存着显著正相关,因此,Hcy水平升高刺激心脏脑钠肽分泌而导致左室心功能不全。因此筛查Hcy水平对于2型糖尿病冠心病患者的一级、二级预防可能具有重要意义。轻度增加的Hcy可通过生活方式和饮食调整如停止吸烟、减少食用咖啡及平衡摄入维生素B12和叶酸而改善[13]。另外,考虑到Hcy对心机组织的氧化应激毒性,所以,抗氧化治疗可能是高Hcy浓度患者的新方法。笔者认为,在没有肾脏合并症且具有正常Hcy浓度的新发2型糖尿病患者,前瞻性研究Hcy对LVEF作用是非常必要的。通过靶向Hcy本身或其相关氧化应激的新的预防及治疗途径在未来临床将具有重大意义。[参考文献] [1] Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H. 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