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儿童甲型肝炎与成人甲型肝炎临床特征对比分析

2014-09-11张栋华

中国社区医师 2014年23期
关键词:甲型肝炎成人儿童

张栋华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2014.23.47

摘 要 目的:探讨儿童甲型肝炎与成人甲型肝炎临床特征差异,以减少误诊,提高正确诊断率。方法:2000年4月-2013年7月收治甲型肝炎患者70例,其中儿童组(3~15岁)40例,成人组(≥16岁)30例,对所有患者肝功能和临床表现进行总结分析。结果:儿童组呕吐10例,纳差25例,发热24例,上腹痛11例;成人组呕吐18例,纳差28例,发热11例,上腹痛7例。两组在呕吐、纳差和发热方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶升高比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:儿童甲肝肝功能异常情况明显,在临床表现方面,儿童呕吐、纳差发生率低于成人组,但发热明显高于成人组。

关键词 甲型肝炎;儿童;成人

Comparative analysis of clinical features of children with hepatitis A and adult with hepatitis A

Zhang Donghua

Department of Infectious Diseases,the Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang City,Henan 455000

Abstract Objective:To explore the clinical features of children with hepatitis A and adult with hepatitis A,in order to reduce the misdiagnosis and improve the correct rate of diagnosis.Methods:70 hepatitis A patients were selected from April 2000 to July 2013.The children group(3 to 15 years) had 40 cases,and the adult group(above 16 years old) had 30 cases.We compared the liver function and clinical manifestations of all patients.Results:In the children group,10 cases had vomit;25 cases had poor appetite;24 cases had fever;11 cases had upper abdominal pain.In the adult group,18 cases had vomit;28 cases had poor appetite;11cases had fever;7 cases had upper abdominal pain.In vomit,poor appetite and fever,there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).In total bilirubin and glutamic pyruvic transaminase,there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal liver function of children with hepatitis A is more obvious.In the clinical manifestation, vomit and anorexia incidence rate in children are lower than that in the adult group,but fever was significantly higher than that in the adult group.

Key words Hepatitis A;Children;Adult

甲型肝炎是由甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)通过粪-口途径传播而引起的传染病,多见于儿童及青少年。患者主要表现为恶心、乏力、食欲减退、肝大及肝功异常,多数患者在数周内可恢复正常。由于儿童处于生长发育过程,在感染HAV后出现的临床症状与成人不同。为探讨儿童甲型肝炎与成人甲型肝炎临床特征差异,以减少误诊,提高正确诊断率,本文收集我院诊治的儿童甲型肝炎和成人甲型肝炎患者进行比较,现报告如下。

资料与方法

2000年4月-2013年7月收治甲型肝炎患者70例,按年龄分为儿童组和成人组,其中儿童组(3~15)岁40例,成人组(≥16岁)30例,均符合甲型肝炎诊断标准。

方法:对所有患者肝功能和临床表现进行总结和分析。

结 果

两组临床表现比较:儿童组呕吐10例,纳差25例,发热24例,上腹痛11例;成人组呕吐18例,纳差28例,发热11例,上腹痛7例。在呕吐、纳差和发热方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。

两组肝功能检查结果比较:儿童组总胆红素<34.2 μmol/L 16例,34.2~85.5 μmol/L 9例,>85.5 μmol/L 15例,谷丙转氨酶<80 U/L 12例,80~400 U/L 12例,>400 U/L 16例。成人组总胆红素25~49 μmol/L 3例,50~125 μmol/L 6例;谷丙转氨酶<400 U/L 2例,400~1 000 U/L 32例,>1 000 U/L 25例。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。endprint

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