选修8 Units2～3词汇讲解

2014-08-30汪璇

高中生学习·高二版 2014年6期

汪璇

1. pay off 取得成功；偿清债务

【课本重现】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough.

（1）成功；奏效（通常作不及物短语）

He devoted most of his time to learning， believing that hard work would pay off sooner or later. 他把大部分时间都投入了学习，他相信努力迟早会得到回报。

The plan finally paid off. 这次计划最终成功了。

（2）付清；付清工资后解雇，遣散（及物短语）

We paid off our mortgage after 10 years. 我们历经十年还清了抵押借贷。

Not until 20 years later did they pay off all their debts. 直到二十年后他们才还清了债务。

The crew were paid off as soon as the ship docked. 船一泊港，船员就被付酬解雇了。

【词语辨析】pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价

pay back 偿还；报答；报复某人

2. objection n. 反对；异议

object vi. 反对；不赞成；抗辩

【课本重现】On the other hand，Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.

I have no objection to him coming to stay. 我不反对他来小住。

No objections were raised at the time. 当时没有人提出异议。

Many local people object to the building of the new airport. 很多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。

I really object to being charged for parking. 我真的反对收停车费。

【词语辨析】object为不及物动词，object to sth

oppose为及物动词， oppose sth

3. forbid vt. 禁止；不准

【课本重现】Some began to reform their legal system and forbade research into human cloning.

You are all forbidden to leave. 你们都不准离开。

Students are forbidden from referring to their notes in the exam. = Students are forbidden to refer to their notes in the exam. 学生们禁止考试时查看笔记。

Visitors forbid doing violent sports in the hall. 参观者严禁在大厅内做剧烈运动。

【词语辨析】forbid系常用词，指“命令某人不做某事”，后直接接动名词或不定式复合结构，forbid doing/ sb to do sth。

ban语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止做某事”，含“严厉谴责”之意，只能用事物作其宾语。

4. strike n/vt 撞击；击打；踢球；（灾难，疾病）侵袭；爆发；突然想到；罢工；划火柴；敲钟；打动

【课本重现】The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park， in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs， proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.

The child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 那孩子跑到公路上被车撞了。

He struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他稳稳地把球踢入网内。

The disease struck the area. 疾病侵袭了这一地区。

An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑海里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。

The matches were damp and he couldnt make them strike. 火柴受潮了，他划不燃。

The clock has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过了三点。

【词语辨析】strike作“突然想起”时，为及物动词，sth strike sb。

occur作“突然想起”时，为不及物动词，sth occur to sb。

5. call up给……打电话；使……回忆起endprint

【课本重现】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.

That picture calls up memories of a holiday I had when I was a child. 那张照片使我回忆起儿时一个假期的情景。

He called me up to tell me about it. 他打电话把那件事告诉了我。

【词语辨析】call off 取消；停止

call back 回电话；召回

call on 号召；拜访

call for 需要；要求

6. distinguish vi.& vt. 辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同

【课本重现】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.

The twins are so alike，its difficult to distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎太像了，很难分辨出谁是谁。

You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong. 你应该学会明辨是非。

Yao Ming has already distinguished himself as an athlete. 姚明作为运动员已经享有盛名。

【词语辨析】distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同；使自己出名

be distinguished by 以……为特征

distinguish…from…辨别；识别；把……和……区别开（distinguish between …and…）

7. convenient adj. 方便的，便利的；就近的

convenience n. 方便；便利的设施

【课本重现】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.

Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you. 只要你方便，随时过来看我。

I bought this apartment for convenience， for it is very convenient for me to get to the bus station and it has a lot of conveniences. 我买这个公寓是因为很方便，因为我到汽车站很方便，而且车站有很多便利设施。

【归纳点金】convenient 通常用it 作为形式主语，主语不能是人或物。

8. bear vt. 忍受；容忍；负担；生育

【课本重现】I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.

He cant bear being laughed at. 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。

Do parents have to bear the whole cost of tuition fees？父母是否应该负担全部学费？

She had borne him three children. 她为他生了3个孩子。

You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor. 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

1. The palace has religious symbols， so inside it. （forbid）

这个宫殿有宗教象征，所以禁止游客在内拍照。

2. the door was unlocked. （strike）

我突然想起门没锁。

3. He strongly like a child. （object）