Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab

高考词汇

boil vt. 煮；煮沸

float vi. 漂浮

form vi. 形成

expand vi. 膨胀

react vi. （化学）反应

liquid n. 液体

mixture n. 混合物

oxygen n. 氧气

equipment n. 设备；装备

electricity n. 电

stage n. 阶段；时期

conclusion n. 结论

aim n. 目标；目的

equipment n. 设备；装备

balance n. 天平

flame n. 火焰

lecture n. 演讲

department n. （大学的）科、系

electrical adj. 与电有关的；用电的

ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的

astonished adj. 吃惊的；惊愕的

常用短语

add...to... 往……加入……

used to 过去（常常）……

in the area of 在……领域

be proud of 为……感到骄傲/自豪

be supposed to 应当；理应

push down 向下按；推到

keep down 控制；限制

react with 与……产生化学反应

keep...out of 防止……进入

put...in order 把……按顺序排列

draw a/the conclusion 得出结论

test tube 试管

a quarter 四分之一

three quarters 四分之三

a third 三分之一

a half 一半

表外词汇

contract vi. 收缩

rust vi. 生锈

dissolve vi. 溶解；分解；分离

substance n. 物质

reaction n. 反应

steam n. 蒸汽；水汽

facility n. （常作复数）设备；工具

tongs n. （复）夹子；小钳子

partial adj. 部分的；局部的

过渡词汇

exist vi. 存在；生存

solid n. 固体

surface n. 表面

tube n. 管；管子

语法达标

（1） 学习倍数的表示法。

A is twice as long as B.

This room is four times larger than that one.

The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.

The earth is forty-nine times as large as the moon.

（2） 比较级的三种用法：①表示“越来越……”；②表示“越……，越……”；③表示程度的副词（much， a little...）+形容词或副词的比较级。

Its getting brighter and brighter！

The closer you are， the more youll see.

The more books I read， the more information I learn.

Come a bit closer.

We need rather more than that.

It weights a little/a lot more than before.

词汇短语园地

1. aim n. 目标；目的；瞄准

（1） aim用作名词，表示“目的；目标”时是可数名词；表示“瞄准”是不可数名词。

John has only one aim in life—to be a film star.

约翰一生只有一个目标——成为电影明星。

Take careful aim at the bird.

仔细瞄准那只鸟。

（2） aim其后常接at，如：

He took aim at the bird， but missed.

他向鸟瞄准，但没射中。

He aimed his gun at the bird， but did not fire.

他用枪瞄准鸟，但没开枪。

aim v. 瞄准；力求达到；力争做到

1. aim后一般接at doing sth，有时其后也接for，表示希望达到某个目标。

Theyre aiming at training everybody.

他们正力求做到人人得到培训。

We should aim for the best results.

我们要力争取得最好的结果。

2. aim其后接不定式，表示“想要做某事”（有时可与aim at doing sth互换）。

He aims to become （= at becoming） a computer expert.

他想成为计算机专家。

3. “实现目标”在英语中要用动词achieve，一般不用reach。

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their

aims.

要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

2. equipment n. 设备；装备

（1） equipment和facility都可译作“设备；器材”，但equipment是不可数名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西、供给品、装备等。如：a piece of equipment；basic kitchen equipment；medical/office equipment。

（2） facility是可数名词，常用复数形式。facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设施、场所和服务等等。如：production facilities；facilities for study；facilities for travel；sports facilities；shopping/banking/ cooking facilities。

3. form vi. & vt. 形成；产生；养成；培养；

n. 形式；类型、表格

One of the most important tasks for a school is to help form a childs character.

学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助儿童个性的形成。

Flowers appeared， but fruits failed to form.

开了花，但没有结果。

The disease can take several different forms.

这种疾病可能有几种不同的形式。

Music is not like most other art forms.

音乐不像其他多数种类的艺术类型。

fill out/complete a form 填表

常用搭配：

form good habits 养成好习惯

4. boil vt. 煮；煮沸

The water was bubbling and boiling.

水在咕噜咕噜地沸腾着。

Boil plenty of salted water， and then add the spaghetti.

把足量的盐水烧开，再放入意大利面条。

boil down 煮浓；熬浓

boil up 把（液体或食物）烧开

5. react vi. 起反应；（对……）做出反应；回应

Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.

当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。

You never know how he is going to react.

你根本不知道他会作何反应。

（1） react （with sth） 起化学反应；发生物理变化

Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

铁和水及空气发生反应，产生铁锈。

（2） react against 反对；反抗

He reacted strongly against artistic conventions of his time.

他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。

6. astonished adj. 吃惊的；惊愕的

（1） be astonished at/by... 对……感到惊讶

I was astonished at his behaviour.

我对他的行为感到十分惊讶。

（2） be astonished to find / hear / learn / see... 吃惊地发现 / 听到 / 知道 / 看见

We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.

听说他们的足球队获得了冠军，我们很是吃惊。

（3） be astonished that...

She seemed astonished that I had ever been to Paris.

我曾去过巴黎，这使她十分惊讶。

7. conclusion n. 结论

（1） come to/draw/reach a/the conclusion 得出结论

Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.

我断定他不适合做这项工作。

We can draw some conclusions from our discussion.

从讨论中我们可以得出一些结论。

It took me some time to reach the conclusion.

我花了很长时间才得出结论。

（2） in conclusion 最后；总之

In conclusion， I would like to thank you for all you have done for me.

最后，我要感谢你为我做的一切。

conclude vt. 断定；推断出

8. used to do 过去（常常）做某事

I used to read newspapers last year.

去年我常常读报。

Did they use to play football？

他们过去经常踢足球吗？

1. be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

I am used to going to school by bus.

我习惯乘车去学校。

2. be used to do 被用来做（表示被动）

Wood is used to make paper.

木头被用来造纸。

9. add...to... 往……加入……

If you add five to five， you get ten.

五加五得十。

Please add my name to the list.

请在名单上加上我的名字。

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？

1. add in 包括；把……加进去

Dont forget to add me in.

别忘了把我也算上。

2. add up to 加起来等于；总计

The costs added up to 1000 dollars.

费用总计为1000美元。

3. add to 使（数量、程度）增加；使（规模）扩大

The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。

10. be supposed to 应当；理应

在be supposed to中，to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。

（1） 当be supposed to的主语是“人”时，意为“应该；被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。

Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car.

每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。

Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.

老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。

（2） be supposed to后接have加过去分词，表示“应该做某事而没做或没做到”。

You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.

你本该现在把作业交上来的。

He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.

他本该一小时前就到了。

（3） be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，意为“不被许可；不应当”。

You are not supposed to walk on the grass.

不准践踏草地。

You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.

你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。

11. be proud of 为……感到骄傲 / 自豪

You will be proud of me. 你会以我为荣的。

Its nothing to be proud of. 这没有什么可骄傲的。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

In the modern world more and more people meet the problem of identity.The most interesting example is that of a so-called “banana”， which refers to an American who has an Asian face but holds Western value.

In Shanghai， there now live a group of people from abroad. They dont look different from the locals and speak fluent Chinese or even Shanghai dialect， but when it comes to writing Chinese characters， they are almost illiterate （文盲）. Jack is such an example. He never learned to read or write Chinese characters， which he finds mysterious and difficult. “But when I am in the States， I feel thats not my home either，” he said.

At De Gaulle Airport in France， there is a Swiss man who has been living in the waiting—room for a long time because he lost his passport during his travels. He was refused entry into several countries. But when he was eventually allowed to return to Switzerland， he refused to leave the airport. His reason was very simple—“I am sure who I am. I need no acknowledgement from others，” he said during an interview. For this reason he was honored by the Western media as “the Hero of identity.”

As the Internet becomes more and more popular， the problem of identity becomes more serious. In a virtual world， people can have different addresses registered with different names. In the Internet chat room， even ones gender （性别） is hard to determine.It seems that in the global village， people are saying hello every day to each other without knowing whom they are talking to.

What will be the next crisis （危机） of identity？ With the development of cloning technology， it might be： who is the real “I”？

1. What does the underlined word “banana” in Paragraph 1 refer to？

A. American born in Asia.

B. America–born Asian.

C. American traveling to Asia.

D. American keeping Eastern culture.

2. Why did the Swiss man have to live in De Gaulle Airport？

A. He couldnt prove who he was.

B. He needed others acknowledgement.

C. He needed to board a plane at the right time.

D. He lost his passport at the airport.

3. Whats the authors opinion on the problem of identity？

A. People dont need to worry about it.

B. Internet technology helps solve it.

C. Only people traveling abroad have this problem.

D. There will be more problems relating to identity in the future.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about？

A. The crisis of identity.

B. The importance of identity.

C. Difficulty in living in foreign counties.

D. Differences between Eastern and Western cultures.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

mixture electrical liquid substance conclusion

contract expand unemployed electricity scientific

1. When you heat a metal， it ____ .

2. Air is a（n） ____ of gases.

3. The ____ will be cut off if we dont pay the bill.

4. Glass ____ as it cools.

5. Glass is becoming a very valuable ____ in the modern world.

6. If you add too much ____ ， the mixture will not be thick enough.

7. They ____ that the goods were of good quality and proved no problem.

8. He told his children to stay away from dangerous ____ things.

单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）

1. Few of these monkeys are still exist in the wild. ___

2. This room is three times big than that one. ___

3. This room is three times as bigger as that one. ___

4. This room is three times size of that one. ___

句子翻译

1. 这是一个对科学实验的描述。

2. 他的梦想和我的一样。

3. 白色盒子比黑色盒子深四倍。

4. 那架飞机飞得比那只风筝高数倍。

单项选择

1. — Have a nice weekend.

— ___

A. The same to you. B. You are， too.

C. The same as you. D. You have it， too.

2. This hall is five times ___ than our classroom.

A. big B. bigger

C. biggest D. as big

3. The factory has produced ___ computers as they did last year.

A. twice as many B. twice as much

C. as twice as many D. as twice much

4. He did it ___ it took me.

A. one-third time B. one-thirds the time

C. one-third the time D. one-thirds time

5. He has to ___ his expenses to buy a new car.

A. narrow B. contract

C. shorten D. afford

6. He went down to the village which was ___ miles away from the city.

A. three hundreds B. three hundred of

C. three hundreds of D. three hundred

7. The weather in Chengdu is better than ___ in Beijing.

A. that B. it

C. this D. one

8. The new building is ___ the old one.

A. as twice height as B. twice the height of

C. twice as height as D. two times height of

跟踪导练（二）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

rust float boil equipment dissolve

expand aim react conclusion occupation

1. What ____ did he come to？

2. A computer is the most important ____ you will buy.

3. I saw some fallen leaves ____ in the river.

4. Catherines ____ is to be a doctor.

5. The water is ____ . Could you get some for me？

6. Iron ____ with water and air to produce rust.

7. Youd better keep the iron away from the water to avoid ____ .

8. Please ____ the pill in water before taking it.

单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）

1. Whenever I see him， I will think about my teacher. ___

2. Those books used to help the children who have

difficulty in hearing. ___

3. The juice contains no adding sugar. Please add some

sugar to it. ___

4. All the work must be done in correct order. ___

句子翻译

1. 知道金属如何与不同物质反应是很重要的。

2. 请不要让陌生人进教室。我们正在做一个重要的实验。

3. 这项计划的目的是帮助失业的年轻人。

4. 你的裤子下边脏了，因为它碰着地了。

单项选择

1. Look！ The books on the self are out of ___ order. Lets put them in ___ order.

A. the； / B. /； /

C. /； the D. the； the

2. These mistakes are very ___ among students， so were not surprised if you do wrong.

A. common B. usual

C. ordinary D. normal

3. — Can I take a photo of you？

— ___

A. Not at all！ B. Its your turn.

C. Go head！ D. Youve got it.

4. Has what he said and done ___ your trouble？

A. been added to B. been added in

C. added to D. added in

5. This equipment ___ students listening skill.

A. used to improve B. is used to improve

C. is used to improving D. used to improving

6. He has ___ the habit of taking notes while reading.

A. made B. formed

C. fallen D. got

7. They are trying to ___ the wall.

A. push down B. push away

C. push on D. push out

8. — Somebody plays a joke on you. Whats your first ___ to it？

— Laugh. Fun is fun， after all.

A. impression B. reaction

C. conclusion D. opinion

完形填空

Professor Green is known to the world as a scientist. He is not only absent-minded but as well 1 . His mind is always busy with scientific problems and seldom notices what is going on around him.

One fine day recently， he went for a walk in the 2 ， but as usual he has a book in his hand. When he went out， he began to read his book. He hadnt gone far when he run into a 3 and fell down. In the fall， he had lost his glasses， without which he couldnt see anything. He thought he had 4 his head against a fat lady. “Im sorry， Madam，” he said 5 before searching for his glasses. As soon as he had put them on， he realized his 6 . Soon he was 7 his mind on his book again and paid no attention to anything else. He had scarcely been walking for five minutes when he fell over again， 8 both his book and his glasses. This time he got very 9 ， seizing his umbrella， he gave the “cow” a wild blow. Then， after finding his glasses， he realized with 10 that he made a second mistake. A large fat woman was fleeing from him in a horror.

1. A.open-minded B. short-sighted C. kind-hearted D. one-eyed

2. A. countryside B. garden C. park D. school

3. A. cow B. lady C. wall D. friend

4. A. fighted B. pushed C. stood D. hit

5. A. hopefully B. loudly C. politely D. clearly

6. A. mistake B. problem C. behaviour D. situation

7. A. passing B. enjoying C. fixing D. moving

8. A. losing B. holding C. taking D.finding

9. A. frightened B. angry C. embarrassed D. sad

10. A. horror B. respect C. patience D. excitement

跟踪导练（三）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

move stage balance aim equipment

react ordinary sound partial form

1. A plan has ____ in my mind.

2. At first Andrew had only ____ information.

3. At this ____ ， its impossible to know whether our plan will succeed.

4. What was your mothers ____ to the news？

5. I lost my ____ and fell on my face.

6. He will do anything in order to achieve his ____ .

7. Dick and Jane are a（n） ____ married couple.

8. They have designed a lot of advanced electrical ____ .

单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）

1. Tony is a lot good than ever before. ___

2. His handwriting is much more beautiful than Li Ming. ___

3. The more you exercise， the healthy you will be. ___

4. The experiment was very easier than we had thought. ___

句子翻译

1. 你卖的书越多，你得到的钱越多。

2. 中国比美国大六分之一。

3. 将来人类能住到月球上吗？现在下结论过早。

4. 你最好鼓励你的孩子养成阅读的习惯。

单项选择

1. — How is the young man？

— ___

A. Hes twenty. B. Hes a doctor.

C. Hes much better. D. Hes David.

2. The sick boy is getting ___ day by day.

A. worse B. bad

C. badly D. worst

3. After two years research， we now have a ___ better under-standing of the disease.

A. very B. far

C. fairly D. quite

4. ___ of the forest ___ covered with trees of broad leaves.

A. Three quarters； is B. Three quarters； are

C. Three fourths； are D. Three fourth； is

5. At present ___ of the experiments ___ done in labs after the new building has been completed.

A. four fifth； is B. four fifths； are

C. four fifth； are D. four fifths； is

6. — Did you return Freds call？

— I didnt need to ___ Ill see him tomorrow.

A. after B. unless

C. before D. because

7. — Are you feeling ___ ？

— Yes， Im fine now.

A. quite good B. any better

C. very better D. any well

8. They are taking steps to ___ the rabbit population.

A. put down B. cut down

C. keep down D. push down

阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）

Raising the Kids

Louise and Neil had been dating for three years. She was 40， and he was 50. They wanted to get married and have two kids as soon as possible， but there was a problem. They disagreed on how they would raise their kids.

Because Louise had a high-paying job， Neil could stay home and raise the kids. He looked forward to that， because he felt that he would be a great dad. First， he would teach them how to read. Then he would teach them about life. His kids were not going to waste their time reading fairy tales and watching Sesame Street. They were going to learn practical stuff， like how to use Microsoft Office and how to get a four-year scholarship to Harvard. He wanted them to become business majors， because business is where the money is.

Louise had other plans. She wanted her kids to relax and enjoy life. She didnt want them to grow up too fast. She was the oldest child in a poor family， and her father had put her to work in the fields as soon as she turned six. Life had been hard for her. She didnt want it to be hard for her children.

Neil said not to worry. There was still plenty of time for him to figure out a way for the kids to have fun and still become happy millionaires.

1. How long had Louise and Neil been dating？ （Within 2 words）

2. Whats their problem about raising the kids？ （Within 9 words）

3. Why did Neil want their kids to study business in the future？ （Within 8 words）

4. Whats Louises wish for their kids？ （Within 9 words）

5. Why did Louise have to work at the age of six？ （Within 10 words）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw （下巴） almost dropped to the ground： a big “65” in bright red ink. I had never received such a terrible grade before.

I was so ashamed that when I got home that afternoon I lied to my dad. I told him I got 85 and that the report wouldnt come until the end of the month. Dad smiled. His daughter would never lie about her grade， so he didnt doubt the unusual delay （延迟） of my report.

A month later， Dad casually （随意地） asked me again about the report at the dinner table. He looked right into my eyes and asked for an answer. Having no choice. I told him that I had in fact got just 65 in my math final. I had lied because I didnt want to let him down.

For a moment， he just looked at me. I would have preferred a telling off（斥责） than that silence. Finally， Dad said， in a hurt voice， “You have already let me down， with your lie. I am not disappointed at your math score. That is no big deal—no one can be perfect all the time. But I am very disappointed in you. If you cant be honest with your dad. who can you be honest with？ Its much easier to achieve a better grade than rebuild someone elses trust in you.”

Dads words touched my heart. I couldnt forgive myself for having hurt his feelings. I took out the report that I had been hiding for weeks， handed to him and apologized， sincerely. I realized that my honesty is not only important to me personally， but to those around me that truly care about me.

In one of Shakespeares plays a character says： “No legacy （遗产） is so rich as honesty.” After the crisis between Dad and me， I began to understand those words.

1. The first paragraph suggests that the author ___ .

A. is bad at math

B. usually get a higher grade

C. was punished by her father for a bad grade

D. never expected the teachers treated her badly

2. Why did the author tell her father the truth finally？

A. The father was so serious.

B. She realized it was wrong to lie.

C. It had been too long since she lied.

D. She didnt want to let her father down any more.

3. Why did her father stay silent after she told him the truth？

A. He didnt understand her.

B. He was deeply hurt by her.

C. He felt unhappy with the grade.

D. He was thinking about what to say.

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us？

A. Its foolish to lie to parents.

B. Its hard to be a good student.

C. Its very important to be honest.

D. Its necessary to meet parents requirement.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

flame boil astonish lecture department

facility ordinary exchange form contact

1. He can make ____ things sound interesting.

2. The ____ were growing higher and higher.

3. Professor Wang will give us two ____ tomorrow morning.

4. Where can I ____ my dollars for French francs.

5. We were all ____ at the unexpected news.

6. Clouds are ____ on the top of the hill.

7. Its a very high office building with all essential modern ____ .

8. Do you want a（n） ____ egg for breakfast？

单句改错（下列各句每句有1个错误。）

1. I used to drinking tea， but now I am used to drinking

coffee. ___

2. Ive made much more mistakes than you have. ___

3. Africa is the second larger continent in the world. ___

4. People used to think the sun travels round the earth. ___

句子翻译

1. 他为自己没有放弃而骄傲。

2. 他过去住在巴黎，但现在住在北京。

3. 他过去总是步行去学校。现在他习惯乘公交车去上学了。

4. 你应当在4点前完成家庭作业。

单项选择

1. Please ___ your voice while the baby is sleeping.

A. push down B. take down

C. keep down D. get down

2. He ___ to come at eight， but in fact he never comes before nine.

A. is supposing B. supposes

C. is supposed D. supposed

3. I ___ to be quite afraid to live in the cold area， but now I have___ to the life there.

A. used； been used B. used； used

C. was used； got used D. got used； been used

4. — Who is going to read the text？ I didnt catch what our teacher

had said.

— ___ You should have listened carefully.

A. Go ahead. B. Its your turn now.

C. Youve got it. D. Dont ask me.

5. There appeared an ___ look on her face on hearing the ___ story.

A. astonished； astonishing B. astonished； astonished

C. astonishing； astonishing D. astonishing； astonished

6. Of the two teachers， my English teacher is ___ one， and she often plays games with us after class.

A. a younger B. a youngest

C. the younger D. the youngest

7. — Do try to learn as many words as possible. Words are very

important.

— ___

A. Dont bother. B. I made it.

C. Its up to you. D. Ive got it！

8. If object A weighs 100 kg， and object B is four times___ ， object B is 400 kg.

A. heavy than object A B. the weight as object A

C. heavier D. as heavier as object A

Nobel Prize

诺贝尔奖

Nobel， born on October 21， 1833 in Stockholm， invented the nitroglycerine high explosive in 1867. He was successively engaged in the detonation technology and the synthesis material research in Sweden， Germany， France， England and Italy.He obtained 355 invention patents in his life， winning a very big property. Nobel died in Italy on December 10， 1896.

According to Nobels will， part of his inheritance， altogether $9，200，000， were put in bank as a fund， with interest every year （approximately $200，000） for the people making prominent contribution to physics， chemistry， biology， medicine， literature as well as cause of peace. In 1968， the economy prize was set up.

Every year on December 10 Nobel prizes were issued. According to the convention， physics， chemistry and the economy prizes are issued by Sweden Imperial Academy of science. The biology prize and the medicine prize were issued by the Rollin medicine surgery research institute in Stockholm. The literature prize is issued by the Sweden Literary Academy. The peace prize is issued by Norwegian Parliament. Each awarding unit is equipped with a Nobel committee which is made up of five people responsible for evaluation. Nobels candidates were recommended by the academies of science， universities and the previous prize-winner around the world. The Nobel prize consists of a gold medal， a certification and a bonus.

诺贝尔于1833年10月21日生于斯德哥尔摩，1867年发明硝化甘油烈性炸药。他先后在瑞典、德国、法国、英国和意大利从事爆炸技术和合成物质研究，一生共获得355项发明专利，赢得了一笔很大的财产。1896年12月10日，诺贝尔病卒于意大利。

根据诺贝尔的遗嘱，他将遗产的一部分，共920万美元，作为基金存入银行，用每年的利息（约20万美元）奖励给对物理、化学、生物学或医学、文学及在和平事业方面对人类有突出贡献的人。1968年，诺贝尔奖又增设了经济学奖。

每年12月10日颁发诺贝尔奖。按惯例，物理、化学和经济学三种奖项由瑞典皇家科学院颁发；生物学或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩加罗林医学外科学研究院颁发；文学奖由瑞典文学院颁发；和平奖由挪威议会颁发。每个授奖单位设有一个由五人组成的诺贝尔委员会，负责评选工作。诺贝尔奖的候选对象，由世界各国的科学院、大学和前获奖者推荐。诺贝尔奖包括一枚金质奖章、一张奖状和一笔奖金。