Module 1 British and American English

高考词汇

compare vt. 比较

add vt. 加；增加

present vt. 陈述；提出（观点、计划等）

simplify vt. 简化

queue vi. （英）排队（等候）

differ vi. 不同，有区别

accent n. 口音

underground n. （英）地铁

flashlight n. （美）手电筒；火把

variety n. 种类

settler n. 移民；定居者

remark n. 评论；讲话

satellite n. 卫星

switch n. 开关

edition n. （广播、电视节目的）期；版

attempt n. 努力；尝试

look n. 外观；外表；样子

reference n. 参考；查阅

obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的

standard adj. 标准的

常用短语

have... in common 有相同的特点

make a difference 有影响，使不相同

get around 四处走动（旅行）

be similar to 与……相似

have difficulty （in） doing sth 做某事有困难

lead to 引起；导致

in favour of 同意；支持

refer to... as... 称……为……

thanks to 幸亏，多亏

get on （with...） （与……）和睦相处；取得进展

queue up 排队等候

so far 到目前为止，迄今为止

make a fuss of sb 对某人关爱备至/过分爱护

pick up （偶然）学会；拿起，捡起

wear off 逐渐消失，消逝

fight against 与……作斗争；反对

拓展词汇

omit vt. 省略

criticise vt. 批评

linguist n. 语言学家

motorway n. （英）高速公路

subway n. （美）地铁

preposition n. 介词

variation n. 变化

structure n. 结构；体系

announcement n. 声明；宣告

linguistics n. 语言学

combination n. 组合；结合

confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的

distinctive adj. 与众不同的

cute adj. 逗人喜爱的

steadily adv. 不断地；持续地

rapidly adv. 迅速地

词汇短语园地

1. confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的

The instructions on the box are very confusing.

盒子上的使用说明令人费解。

confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑

confuse A with/and B 将A与B混淆

Im always confusing Jack with James.

我总是分不清杰克和詹姆斯。

confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；混乱的

2. compare vt. 比较，对比

I compared the copy with the original， but there wasnt much difference.

我比较了复印件和原件，但差别不是很大。

（1） compared to/with... 和……相比

Compared to many students， he is lucky.

和许多学生比起来，他是幸运的。

My own problems seem insignificant compared with other peoples.

与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。

（2） compare... to... 把……比作……

Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。

（3） compare notes （with sb） （与某人）交换意见

After comparing notes we found that we had the same opinion.

交换意见后我们发现原来我们的想法是一致的。

（4） without/beyond compare 无与伦比

She is beautiful without compare.

她美得无与伦比。

Its a diamond beyond compare.

这是一颗独一无二的钻石。

comparison n. 比较；对比

1） by comparison 比较起来；相比之下

2） by/in comparison （with sb/sth）（与……）相比较

3. differ vi. 不同，有区别

Peoples tastes differ.

人们的喜好各不相同。

（1） differ from... 和……不同

Their house differs from ours because they have no garage.

他们的房子和我们的不同，因为他们没有车库。

（2） differ in... 在……方面不同

The two boxes differ in colour but not in size.

这两个盒子的颜色不同，大小却相同。

（3） differ with sb about/on/over sth 与……持不同看法

We differ with them on that question.

我们在那个问题上跟他们的意见不同。

4. present vt. 陈述；提出（观点、计划等）；

展现，显示

adj. 出席的，到场的；现存的，当前的

n. 礼物，礼品

When is the committee presenting their report？

委员会什么时候提出他们的报告？

The book presents an interesting picture.

这本书呈现了一幅有趣的画面。

How many people were present at the meeting？

参加会议的有多少人？

We do not have any more information at the present time.

目前我们没有进一步的消息。

What can I get him for a birthday present？

我给他送点什么生日礼物呢？

5. attempt n. 努力；尝试

v. 努力，尝试，试图

They made no attempt to escape.

他们没有企图逃跑。

I will attempt to answer all your questions.

我将努力回答你的全部问题。

1） in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事

2） make an attempt to do/at doing sth 打算做某事

3） attempt to do sth 试图做某事

6. have... in common 有相同的特点

I married her because we have so much in common.

我之所以跟她结婚，是因为我们俩有那么多共同点。

1） have sth in common 有共同之处

2） have nothing in common 没有共同之处

3） have much in common 有很多共同之处

4） have little in common 几乎没有共同之处

7. lead to 引起；导致；通向

Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.

过量的工作和过少的休息通常会引发疾病。

This will lead to trouble in the future.

这将导致以后的麻烦。

All roads lead to Rome.

条条大路通罗马。

lead vt. 过（某种生活）

lead a happy/hard/simple life 过着幸福/艰苦/简朴的生活

8. in favour of 同意；支持；看中，选择

They were in favour of free trade.

他们赞成自由贸易。

Im in favour of equal pay for equal work.

我支持同工同酬。

He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a doctor.

他弃教从医。

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙

Would you do me a favour and turn off the radio？

能否请你帮我把收音机关上？

9. refer to... as... 称……为……

People refer to this kind of food as cheese.

人们称这种食物为奶酪。

People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.

那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”。

refer to 提到，谈论；参考，参照；与……相关

The scientists referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

这位科学家提到这一发现时，说是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。

Please refer to a dictionary if you dont know the meaning of the word.

如果你不知道这个词的意思，就请查查词典。

What I have to say refers to all of you.

我必须说的话适用于你们所有人。

10. pick up （偶然）学会；拿起，捡起；（开车）

接人；得到，感染

She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.

她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。

I picked up the book for her.

我替她捡起了那本书。

Ill pick you up at five.

我五点钟来接你。

I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.

我似乎从什么地方染上了重感冒。

11. wear off 逐渐消失，消逝；磨掉，磨损

The smell of the new paint will wear off in about a week.

新漆的味道一周内就会消失。

I bought those new plates cheaply， and the pretty rose pattern has worn off already.

那些新盘子我买得很便宜，上面漂亮的玫瑰花纹都已经磨掉了。

1） wear away 变薄，磨光

The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of people.

成千上万的人把台阶踏得磨损了。

2） wear out 穿破，用坏；（使）筋疲力竭，耗尽

He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.

去年他穿坏了两双鞋。

Youll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.

你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读地带

A

What should you think about in trying to find your career？ You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand， you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job， they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs， but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.

Your school may have taught you skills， such as typing or technical drawing， which you can use in your work. You may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.

If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer， think what you have got from it. If nothing else， you may have learned how to get to work on time， to follow instructions， and to get on well with senior workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop， for example. Just as important， you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you use tools； perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record， for example， may not be too good， yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic（抱歉的）about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A. It is important to do well at school.

B. Memory is ability useful in many ways.

C. School performance can help choose a career.

D. One should learn as many subjects as possible.

2. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is good to ___ .

A. make money

B. help his future work

C. spend his spare time

D. find out his weak point

3. What does the underlined phrase “be all thumbs” in the last paragraph probably mean？

A. Be uncertain. B. Be interested.

C. Be happy. D. Be unskillful.

4. According to the passage， if a students school record is not good， ___ .

A. he must regret in the future

B. he may be a failure in future life

C. he can still do well in his future work

D. he will find it hard to get a suitable job

B

Should e-cigarettes （electronic cigarettes） be a new choice for smokers trying to get rid of the habit？ Reactions from Americans are mixed. More than half of the people questioned in a survey think e-cigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration， but 47 percent believe the e-cigarettes should be available to smokers who want to quit.

“In the hunt for a safer cigarette， e-cigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replacing standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers（生产者）claim to be safer，” Zogby International， which conducted the survey， said in a statement.

About half of the 4，611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about e-cigarettes， which are battery-powered， or rechargeable（可再次充电的）cigarettes that vaporize（蒸发）a liquid nicotine. They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell. Sold mostly on the Internet， e-cigarettes were first made in China.

Last year the World Health Organization （WHO） warned against using e-cigarettes， saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or could help smokers break the habit. The WHO said people who smoke e-cigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs.

Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that e-cigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden， because they dont produce smoke， but 46 percent disagreed. Men who knew the availability of e-cigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit. Young people， aged 18-29， and singles were the groups most open to trying e-cigarettes. Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide， according to the WHO.

5. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？

A. Many American smokers try e-cigarettes.

B. E-cigarettes will be forbidden in America.

C. Most Americans want to give up smoking.

D. Americans have different opinions about e-cigarettes.

6. According to Zogby International， e-cigarettes are ___ .

A. safer than common ones

B. produced in a cheaper way

C. popular among those trying to quit

D. meant to take the place of traditional ones

7. What is the reason why WHO is against using e-cigarettes？

a. Nobody proves their safety.

b. They were first made in China.

c. Nicotine still gets into the lungs.

d. It is unknown whether they could help break the habit.

A. a， b， c B. a， b， d

C. b， c， d D. a， c， d

8. What can be concluded from the last paragraph？

A. The youth tend to try e-cigarettes.

B. Most women agree to use e-cigarettes.

C. People can smoke e-cigarettes in public places.

D. Smoking is a serious problem around the world.

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

confuse compare differ obvious omit

queue remark settle variation variety

1. ____ it is very difficult to describe such a complex system in simple terms.

2. Its good manners to ____ up at the bus stop for the bus.

3. What he said was very ____ and I couldnt understand.

4. ____ with our first house， this new one has a better view.

5. Two groups were ____ from the survey—the old and women.

6. There is a wide ____ of projects to choose from in building this house.

7. Early ____ had an extremely difficult life in opening up and developing the new continent.

8. James was ____ upon the subject when I came into the room.

下列各句每句有1个错误。

1. It was obviously to everyone that the child had been badly treated. ____

2. He didnt come to my birthday party for variety of reasons.

____

3. The two sisters differ widely with their hobbies. ____

4. It was a very confused situation and we didnt know how to deal with it. ____

1. 除了说同一种语言之外，我们没有什么共同点。

2. 化学老师告诉我们食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。

3. 他是否出席会议对我来说无关紧要。

4. 如果你在理解这篇文章上有什么困难的话，请立刻告诉我。

1. Compare this painting ___ that one； what do they have ___ ？

A. to； in common B. with； in common

C. to； common D. with； common

2. I hope that youll be careful to type the letter. Dont ___ anything.

A. omit B. lack

C. leave D. spell

3. My best friend has difficulty ___ spelling some of the words in American English while I have trouble ___ pronunciation.

A. in； in B. with； in

C. in； with D. with； with

4. The cost of living in this neighborhood is the lowest in Britain， ___ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.

A. or B. so

C. for D. while

5. Most people are ___ bringing down the price of housing because its too high for them.

A. in search of B. in favour of

C. in charge of D. in honour of

6. We all need ___ in our diet， which is good for our health.

A. difference B. combination

C. variety D. comparison

7. Your age shouldnt make any difference ___ whether you get the job or not.

A. with B. to

C. for D. at

8. We would be interested to hear your ___ on the essay we have just read.

A. notes B. remarks

C. spots D. marks

When I was sixteen years old， I made my first visit to the United States. It wasnt the first time I had been abroad. Like most English children， I learned French at school. And I had often been to France， so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didnt understand French. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problem.

How wrong I was！ The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny who had been in America since several years ago a call and tell him that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked if he could help me.

“Yes，” I said， “I want to give my friend a ring.”

“Well， thats nice，” he said. “Are you getting married？ But arent you a bit young？”

“Who is talking about marriage？” I replied. “I only want to give my friend a ring to tell him Ive arrived. Can you tell me where a phone box is？”

“Oh，” he said， “There is a phone downstairs.”

When at last we met， Danny explained the misunder-standing to me.

“Dont worry，” he said to me. “I had so many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which Americans use differently in meaning from the British. Youll soon get used to all the funny things they say. Most of the time， British and American people understand each other！”

1. What did the writer expect before he went to America？ （within 9 words）

2. Where did the misunderstanding begin？ （within 3 words）

3. What did the writer want to do when he was at the airport？ （within 7 words）

4. What does “give somebody a ring” imply according to the American old man？ （within 4 words）

5. What caused the misunderstanding？ （within 8 words）

跟踪导练（二）

阅读地带

A

During my high school years， the most important thing was what I was wearing to the Friday night dance and who I was taking. Although college was talked about， it was the least of my worries.

When I was graduating eighth grade and starting high school， my older brother was graduating twelfth grade and going on to college. For my graduation， he gave me a card in which he wrote， “Enjoy your four years... They go by fast.” I remember not believing him then， but looking back... He was right. Those four years shaped who I was as a person， pushed me to my limit and encouraged me to become an adult.

However， I was so completely absorbed in my junior and senior years of high school， that when someone spoke of college I brushed it off. I wasnt ready to leave my comfort zone of having all of my closest friends together and knowing what every single day was going to be like. Studying was something I did only AFTER I nailed my half-time dance performance. I knew my parents wanted me to go to college， so I told them I would go to community college and I didnt worry about my SAT（美国大学入学考试）scores.

When my senior years passed and everyone graduated and went off to their own colleges， I started to wish I had done the same. My friends were living away， meeting new people， discovering new places， while I was living at home and driving to and from class every day. It seemed exactly like high school. I hated it！ I thought college was supposed to be different！ Why didnt I take more time to research colleges and do the same？ I ended up loving college and wishing I had four years to enjoy the campus（大学校园）atmosphere instead of two.

My advice to anyone thinking about attending college is to think about it very seriously and look into all of your choices well ahead of time. Now I have graduated and I am working full time and I would do anything to go back to my high school days for a second chance！

1. The authors brother gave him a card to tell him to ___ .

A. go on dancing

B. leave his comfort zone

C. value the following years

D. aim at a college as others

2. Why didnt the author worry about his SAT scores？

A. He would be admitted for his gift for dance.

B. He wanted to go to a community college.

C. He believed his brother would help him.

D. He was prepared for the exam.

3. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that when in high school， the author ___ .

A. lived with the parents

B. buried himself in study all the time

C. lived in the school except on holidays

D. enjoyed talking about future college life

4. How does the author feel talking about the high school years？

A. Excited. B. Afraid.

C. Ashamed. D. Regretful.

B

Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s， scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland， Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program， which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea： write a program that will let academics（学术界人士）from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web.

The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers（浏览器）and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100，000.

In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium（协会）， or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people.” he says.

5. From Paragraph 1， we can infer that Tim Berners-Lee is ___ .

A. British B. American

C. Swiss D. French

6. Scientists began to communicate by means of e-mail ___ .

A. in 1980 B. in the 1960s

C. before 1990 D. after the 1980s

7. Tim Berners-Lee wrote the HTTP and HTML programs when ___ .

A. he was a child

B. he formed W3C

C. he studied in Oxford University

D. he worked at a lab in Switzerland

8. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage？

A. Tims programs were placed on to the Internet in 1991.

B. The number of web pages rose rapidly before the 1990s.

C. The World Wide Web has no effect on the social development.

D. Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to computer operating systems.

9. The passage is mainly about ___ .

A. why computers develop so rapidly

B. when the Internet came into being

C. how the World Wide Web started

D. who Tim Berners-Lee is

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

announce attack linguistic rapid satellite

structure steady switch variety variation

1. The darkness was ____ growing， and the people were becoming more and more worried.

2. The disease is spreading ____ after the sudden earth-quake shook the city.

3. It is only by ____ the other side unprepared that we can stand in advantage.

4. ____ of births， marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.

5. If you press that ____ ， all the lights in this building will come on.

6. Many countries have sent up man-made ____ to cricle the earth.

7. ____ is the scientific study of language according to the definition in the dictionary.

8. The weather in this city lacks ____ ， and the temperature is always the same.

下列各句每句有1个错误。

1. He was given the suitcase his father and grandfather taken along to school. ___

2. Whom is the notebook on that table belong to？ ___

3. Where have you been after I last time saw you three years ago in Beijing？ ___

4. As a boy， he used to working in a small shop in the town to make some money on his own. ___

1. 玛丽是一个善良的女孩，她和她的同学们相处融洽。

2. 汤姆午餐时去售票处，但票已经全部卖完了。

3. 今晚我不打算和你争论，因为我实在太累了。

4. 天气暖和一点雪就会开始融化。

1. The hotel wasnt very good， but I ___ in many worse hotels.

A. stayed B. had stayed

C. was staying D. would stay

2. My brother ___ Tom very well. They knew each other 10 years ago.

A. knows B. is knowing

C. knew D. had been known

3. My friend ___ back from America where he studied law and art. He ___ last night.

A. has come； came B. came； came

C. has come； had come D. had come； come

4. It is almost five years ___ we saw each other in a nice restaurant last time.

A. before B. when

C. for D. since

5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 438 ___ off at 17：30.

A. will take B. takes

C. will be taken D. has taken

6. Tom has studied Russian ___ more than five years.

A. with B. for

C. since D. before

7. The television is without question one of the greatest inventions that ___ by mankind so far.

A. created B. has been created

C. was created D. have been created

8. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.

A. came B. comes

C. was coming D. had come

A few years ago I was at an international conference with nearly 700 participants. One afternoon I 1 a very crowded talk by a famous author. The hall filled quickly and soon there were no 2 left， so dozens of people were standing around the edges.

I saw a very elderly man， stooped（驼背的）slightly with age， leaning against the wall. I 3 got up， told those sitting beside me to 4 the place for him and made my way to him. When I offered my seat to him， he looked 5 and started to refuse， but I would have none of that. He asked me my name and 6 me deeply， and then made his 7 back into my row and sat comfortably. Many people who 8 our exchange turned to say what a kind thing I had done. I kept saying， “Its nothing 9 . Im from Canada. Its normal for us to help other people！”

A few minutes later， the man sitting next to the elderly man 10 to leave the hall for another talk and the elderly man signaled to me to 11 and sit beside him. At first I 12 ， thinking someone else might need it more， but people sitting around him started to repeat my 13 ， asking me to come and sit！ So I returned and sat beside the 14 for the talk.

When the talk was over， the man thanked me again and

15 asked if I knew who he was. I had no idea. He then looked quite 16 and told me a household name that I recognized immediately！

I was astonished to have been sitting next to him， 17 he was excited to think I had given up my seat to him without 18

who he was！ Again I had to tell him where I come from， and its the 19 thing to do！ I have felt more blessed to be a Canadian since that day， for seeing how easy it is to 20 someone and how rare it seemed to so many people.

1. A. missed B. gave C. expected D. attended

2. A. seats B. rooms C. topics D. tickets

3. A. slowly B. nervously C. immediately D. unwillingly

4. A. find B. spare C. take D. hold

5. A. excited B. satisfied C. disappointed D. surprised

6. A. moved B. thanked C. impressed D. hurt

7. A. living B. fortune C. direction D. way

8. A. witnessed B. knew C. found D. understood

9. A. easy B. popular C. special D. funny

10. A. agreed B. refused C. chose D. forgot

11. A. wait B. return C. try D. rest

12. A. changed B. left C. believed D. resisted

13. A. action B. name C. dream D. address

14. A. waiter B. speaker C. author D. gentleman

15. A. quietly B. quickly C. proudly D. angrily

16. A. interested B. delighted C. puzzled D. worried

17. A. and B. because C. so D. but

18. A. saying B. knowing C. mentioning D. checking

19. A. strange B. secret C. normal D. hard

20. A. help B. accept C. praise D. trust

跟踪导练（三）

A

The moment Frank， Jasmine and their parents settled in a small， comfortable hotel at the bottom of a mountain， they went outside and looked around. What they saw around them were huge mountains. “I cant wait to ski，” said Frank.

The next day they set off very early. They took the chairlift up to the top of one mountain. They got out at the top of the mountain and looked down at the village. They could only see small matchbox houses and the people walking round were ants.

Frank and Jasmine set off down the mountain at top speed. This mountain was much steeper than the others. Jasmine felt herself going out of control and fell into some soft green trees.

“Are you okay？” Frank turned back and shouted from a distance.

“Yes， Im alright，” she shouted back.

Then Jasmine heard a low noise from the other side of the mountain. She looked across and saw that the clouds were black. The noise continued and then she saw it. A huge sheet of white snow was heading towards Frank.

“Frank， ski quickly！” she shouted. “Its an avalanche （雪崩）！” And suddenly everything was dark.

Then the search began. But no sign of the children was found. As the dark clouds brought rain and then more snow in the afternoon， it was almost impossible to search. The rescue team were about to give up the search when they heard Bruno， Frank and Jasmines pet dog， barking loudly in the green trees. He came out of the trees carrying a boot. It was one of Franks.

The team followed Bruno into the trees and found Frank lying under them. Not far away， Jasmine was found. They were taken to hospital. After a week they felt much better. One afternoon Bruno came to visit them. Jasmine said， “Thank you， Bruno. You saved our lives！” The dog barked happily.

1. How did Frank feel when he arrived at his destination？

A. Curious. B. Excited.

C. Nervous. D. Surprised.

2. Why did Jasmine fall into the trees？

A. She was speeding.

B. The slope was steep.

C. Something frightened her.

D. The beauty of the mountain attracted her.

3. What can we say about the avalanche？

A. It happened because of too much snow.

B. It happened because of the heavy rain.

C. It covered the children in a second.

D. It came from another mountain.

4. The children could be saved mainly thanks to ___ .

A. the rescue team B. their parents

C. the hospital D. their dog

B

Apopular saying goes， “Sticks and stones may break my bones， but words will never hurt me.” However， thats not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesnt matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves—the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

We all talk to ourselves sometimes. Were usually too embarrassed to admit it， though. In fact， we really shouldnt be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

This “self-talk” helps us motivate（刺激）ourselves， remember things， solve problems， and calm ourselves down. Be aware， though， that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive， we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project， do well in a test， or finally clean your room， join me in saying “Good job！”

Often， words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others.

Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us！ Before speaking， we should always ask ourselves： Is it true？ Is it loving？ Is it needed？ If what we want to say doesnt pass this test， then its better left unsaid.

Words possess power： both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope， build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal？ The choice is ours.

5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A. Words will hurt us instead of sticks or stones.

B. Inspiring words give us confidence.

C. Negative words may let us down.

D. Words have a lasting effect on us.

6. Why is there no sense for us to feel embarrassed if we talk to ourselves？

A. Almost everyone has the habit of self-talk.

B. We can benefit from talking to ourselves.

C. Talking to oneself makes him wise.

D. Self-talk is accepted by others.

7. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means that we should also timely ___ .

A. praise ourselves

B. remind ourselves

C. make ourselves relaxed

D. give ourselves amusement

8. We can learn from the text that the author mainly wants to tell readers to ___ .

A. speak positively

B. be kind to others

C. think twice before talking to yourself

D. do as much self-talking as possible

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

accent add cute differ combine

edit linguist motorway present subway

1. The waiter replied in heavily ____ French-English， “We do not serve the hamburger.”

2. The trains and ____ in Tokyo carry thousands of people to and from work every day.

3. They obviously could not tell the ____ between Indian music and jazz.

4. This dictionary is now in its sixth ____ .

5. Those guys over there are the ____ Ive ever seen.

6. The fire is going out. Will you please ____ some wood？

7. Are you ____ a paper at the meeting which focuses on developing the quality of peoples life？

8. A ____ of parties formed the new government as no single party was strong enough.

下列各句每句有1个错误。

1. When he was a new member of the team， everyone made fuss of him. ___

2. Im not used to eat so much at lunchtimes. ___

3. She suggested put the meeting off， for we prepared for it.

___

4. Ive gained some working and social experience and I have learnt something cant be learnt from textbooks. ___

1. 自从两个月前搬到那里，孩子们很快就学会了说当地口音的话。

2. 医生告诉我不久药效就会逐渐消失。

3. 到目前为止你觉得这场由英国皇家马戏团带来的演出怎么样？

4. 我们将在这儿待上两三周，享受这里美丽的自然风光和悠闲的生活。

1. ___ that my head had cleared， my brain was also beginning to work much better.

A. Since B. Because

C. Now D. For

2. He tried his best to solve the problem， ___ difficult it was.

A. no matter B. whatever

C. wherever D. however

3. You did nothing wrong in building that big and elegant house， ___ I can see.

A. so far B. by far

C. as far as D. far from

4. He is disappointed at not getting the job， but hell ___ the matter in a few days.

A. get up B. get over

C. get around D. get down

5. The book is being printed and it will soon ___ with a beautiful cover and colorful contents.

A. come out B. start out

C. turn out D. get out

6. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ___ my father.

A. give out B. speak out

C. pick out D. look out

7. — Its a good idea. But whos going to ___ the plan？

— I think Chuck and Edward will.

A. carry about B. carry out

C. carry off D. carry on

8. — Bill， can I get you something to drink？

— ___ .

A. No problem

B. It doesnt matter

C. You are welcome

D. I wouldnt mind a cup of coffee

“Colour” and “color”， “favourite” and “favorite”... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”？ Is it because they are lazy？

Of course not. In fact， the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster （1758—1843）. He was a teacher who changed some English to make American identity stronger. Linguists celebrated his 255th birthday on October 16.

After the Revolutionary War （1775—1783）， Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary， rather than rely on British edition.

He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.

Webster wasnt shy about expressing his opinions. In defining（定义）“preposterous” （unreasonable）， he wrote， “Republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”

Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70，000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spelling. He also added local words.

His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity（统一）and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.

“He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity，” said Joshua Kendall， who is working on a biography（传记）about Webster. “He at last united us through our language.”

1. Who created the spelling differences between British and American English？ （within 2 words）

2. What can American children benefit from Webster changing “centre” into “center”？ （within 10 words）

3. When did Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary？ （within 2 words）

4. Why did Webster create these differences in his dictionary？ （within 10 words）

5. What kind of person did Joshua Kendall say about Noah webster？ （within 10 words）

跟踪导练（四）

A

One day， my husband and I went to Greece to visit a well-known temple. We happened to see a French lady who was walking by herself with a stick and obviously had difficulty with the 300 steps that led up to the temple. Noticing her French accent， I started speaking French with her， and she appreciated that， saying her English wasnt very good. She said the next day she would travel to the village we were staying at and I was looking forward to talking to her again， because I enjoyed practicing my French.

The next day I didnt see her. So I thought I maybe missed her. Then， three days later I suddenly met her again at the beach， and she said she was going to take the ferry（渡船）that night at 2 am and was now looking for a place which was close to the port to stay， because obviously she couldnt take her suitcase to the port all on her own in the middle of the night.

The hotel she was staying at was rather expensive. I suggested an inexpensive restaurant to her which was on the beach-front， a short walk from the port. As her hotel didnt offer to take her suitcase to the port， I went with her to her hotel and carried her things to the restaurant.

She was so moved and said nowadays people didnt do this sort of things any more. But I thought it was normal， because my parents brought me up to carry old ladies shopping bags and so on.

She insisted on buying me a drink， and while drinking she told me a lot about herself. She was a well-known French actress back in the 1970s and stopped making films in 1982 because of some illness. We had a very interesting talk that evening， and she gave me her address. Its so rewarding（值得做的）to help others. I wish I could get the chance to do it more often.

1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the old lady ___ .

A. was visiting a temple

B. hated to speak English

C. was working in Greece

D. reached the temple with the writers help

2. Why did the writer hope to meet the lady again？

A. To visit the temple with her.

B. To help her go to the port.

C. To teach her English.

D. To practice French.

3. What does the writer think of giving a helping hand？

A. Its difficult. B. Its necessary.

C. Its normal. D. Its unusual.

4. Why did the lady insist on buying the writer a drink？

A. To share it with her.

B. To show her thanks.

C. To continue the story.

D. To learn how to be helpful.

B

Did you know that about 300 words in the English language derive （由……起源） from the names of people？

A great many of these words are technical words since a new invention or discovery is often named after the scientist who made the discovery. In this way we have such words as watt， ohm， diesel， dahlia， macadam， ampere， morse.

A good many everyday words， however， have also found their way into the language from the names of people. The very popular word sandwich， for example， comes from the name of Lord Sandwich （1718—1792）. While he sat at the gambling table， he used to eat slices of meat placed between two slices of bread. His friends began to call this sort of food a sandwich because only Lord Sandwich ate it. But later on it became popular and had to have a real name. So what began as a nickname gradually became part of the common language.

Another commonly used word is to boycott， meaning to refuse to have any connection or business with. This comes from Captain Boycott， who was the agent of an English land owner in Ireland in 1880. He treated his tenants so badly that they all refused to speak to him. By this policy they eventually obtained his removal. Such treatment was referred to as a boycott. Soon afterwards this verb to boycott was coined. Both the noun and the verb are still widely used.

5. Why was “sandwich” named after Lord Sandwich？

A. He was fond of it.

B. He made it popular in the world.

C. He was the only one who ate it then.

D. He was the manufacturer of the food.

6. It is suggested that Lord Sandwich ___ .

A. invented gambling

B. was mad about gambling

C. coined the word of sandwich

D. had to eat a sandwich because he was in debt

7. The underlined word “tenants” in the last paragraph probably refers to ___ .

A. doctors

B. patients

C. people who rent houses

D. people who like sandwiches

8. Whats the passage chiefly concerned with？

A. English words and names of scientists.

B. English words and important people.

C. English words and names of people.

D. English words and discovery.

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

attempt criticise distinct flashlight look

refer simple standard highway underground

1. I used to go to work by ____ when I was in London.

2. In order to escape from the unhappy life that he had lived for many years， he made several ____ .

3. Noah Webster wrote a dictionary in order to ____ the spelling of English words.

4. The new girl in our class has a very ____ way of speaking.

5. After five minutes Adam returned， ____ more anxious than before.

6. The practice， which has been ____ by linguists and intellectuals in China， is gaining popularity here.

7. The teacher asked the students to write in ____ English.

8. The books on that shelf are for ____ only.

下列各句每句有1个错误。

1. Yesterday Jimmy told us about his experiences during a young man. ___

2. He didnt decide if to leave or stay in this desperate place.

___

3. Tom has too much trouble in his Chinese and he often asks me for help. ___

4. My best friend told me that he had a long way to succeed.

___

1. 裁掉老员工的决定遭到了俱乐部中大多数人的批评。

2. 他竭尽全力尝试找人帮忙，但没人愿意帮助他。

3. 在社会进步与发展的同时，人们也在同环境污染作斗争。

4. 就我本人而言，我完全赞成这栋楼的设计，汤姆投资了一大笔钱进去。

1. The money he spends every month ___ about 100 Yuan.

A. adds B. adds up

C. adds to D. adds up to

2. You are allowed to ___ your notes if you really need to do that.

A. ask for B. refer to

C. look for D. look over

3. Our boss is critical ___ the way we try our best to figure out to do the work.

A. of B. in

C. with D. at

4. Hank suggested ___ a meeting and it suggested he___ in our plan.

A. holding； be interested B. to hold； be interested

C. holding； was interested D. to hold； was interested

5. By the end of 2013， about a million people had flooded into the city， ___ up 10 percent of its total population.

A. made B. make

C. making D. to be made

6. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea ___ the party is to be held？

A. what B. that

C. which D. where

7. He found it increasingly difficult to read， ___ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. so B. but

C. for D. though

8. — How do you ___ we go to Beijing for our holidays？

— I think wed better fly there. Its much more convenient.

A. feel B. suggest

C. consider D. suppose

One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant， waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 1 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept looking in my direction， 2 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 3 in front of him， 4 he was pretending to read， but I could 5 that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought me my 6 ， the man was clearly confused about the 7 way in which the waiter and I 8 with each other. He seemed even more confused as 9 went on and it became 10 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 11 . When he came out， he paid his bill and 12 without another look in my direction.

I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 13 . “Well，” he said， “that man was a detective （侦探）. He 14 you here because he thought you were the man he was 15 for.” “What？” I said， showing my 16 . The owner continued， “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 17 say he looked very much like you！ Of course， since we know you， we told him that he had made a big 18 .” “Well， its really 19 that I came to a 20 where Im known，” I said， “or I might have been in trouble.”

1. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized

2. A. what if B. even if C. only if D. as if

3. A. flat B. open C. cut D. closed

4. A. where B. what C. which D. that

5. A. find B. see C. guess D. learn

6. A. plate B. bill C. paper D. food

7. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny

8. A. chatted B. dealt C. met D. agreed

9. A. air B. time C. rain D. water

10. A. true B. likely C. clear D. possible

11. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen

12. A. left B. acted C. sat D. ate

13. A. wanted B. tried C. ordered D. wished

14. A. met B. caught C. followed D. discovered

15. A. calling B. caring C. fighting D. looking

16. A. care B. surprise C. worry D. joy

17. A. must B. can C. need D. may

18. A. wish B. mistake C. decision D. fortune

19. A. helpful B. natural C. optimistic D. lucky

20. A. office B. cinema C. restaurant D. bookshop

How is English Changed Online？

网络发展如何改变英语？

Online， English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process， the language itself is changing.

英语已经在网络上成为全球范围内的通用语言。在此过程中，英语本身也在不断发生着变化。

When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814， the nation was far from united. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together and help create a new identity that would make the country truly independent of the British.

1814年英美战争结束后，当美国从战后的废墟中发展起来时，还是个四分五裂的国家。诺亚·韦伯斯特认为，统一语言将会使人们更有凝聚力，并获得新的身份，这有助于美国真正地脱离英国而独立。

The American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and Webster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70，000 entries.

韦伯斯特花了18年时间写成《美国英语词典》，为了研究词典中的70，000个单词的词形变化，他学习了26种语言。

Websters dictionary， now in its 11th edition， adopted the Americanised spellings familiar today—“er” instead of “re” in “theatre”， dropping the “u” from “colour”， and losing the double “l” from words such as “traveller”. It also documented new words that were uniquely American such as skunk， opossum， hickory， squash and chowder.

《韦氏词典》现在已经是第11版了，它采用我们现在熟悉的美式拼写——“theatre”中的“re”变为“er”，去掉“colour”中的“u”，把一些单词中的两个“l”如“traveller”变为一个“l”。词典中也收录了一些美国独有的新词汇，如skunk（臭鼬），opossum（负鼠），hickory（山核桃），squash（南瓜）和chowder（杂烩）。

The Internet is creating a similar language evolution， but at a much faster pace.

互联网为类似的语言演变创造了一个平台，但速度要快得多。

There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. And with half the population of China now online， many of them are written in Chinese.

现在在全球范围内共有大概45亿网页。在中国，如今有一半的人都是网民，其中很多人使用中文上网。

Still， some linguists predict that within 10 years English will dominate the Internet—but in forms very different from what we accept and recognize as English today.

不过一些语言学家预测，10年内英语将成为互联网的主导语言，但形式将和网民今天接受和认可的英语有很大不同。

Thats because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers， particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users dont have to worry about their accent.

这是因为将英语作为第二语言的人数已经超过以英语为母语的人数。而且非英语国家的人进行交流时都使用英语，尤其是在互联网上，人们不太注重语法和拼写，使用者也不用担心口音问题。

The increasing prevalence of the Internet in everyday life means that language online is not a zero sum game. Instead， it allows multiple languages to flourish.

互联网在日常生活中的日益普遍意味着语言并非一场零和博弈。相反，它让不同的语言蓬勃发展。