促排卵过程中卵巢囊肿形成对不孕症患者妊娠率的影响观察
2014-08-07张丽霞葛风华朱晓雯
张丽霞+葛风华+朱晓雯
[摘要] 目的 观察促排卵过程中形成的卵巢囊肿对不孕症患者妊娠率的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2013年10月在本院促排卵过程中形成卵巢囊肿的患者56例(研究组),未形成卵巢囊肿的患者98例(对照组),比较两组的基础卵泡数、注射用尿促性腺激素的用量、促排卵泡天数、优势卵泡数及妊娠率。 结果 两组促排卵过程中尿促性腺激素用量、促排卵泡天数、优势卵泡数及妊娠率差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。 结论 促排卵过程中形成的卵巢囊肿对妊娠率有一定的影响。
[关键词] 注射用尿促性腺激素;促排卵;卵巢囊肿
[中图分类号] R711[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)04(c)-0189-03
Observation of the effect of ovarian cysts formed during promoting ovulation on pregnancy in patients with infertility
ZHANG Li-xia GE Feng-hua ZHU Xiao-wen
Infertility Division of Kaifeng Maternity Hospital in Henan Province,Kaifeng 475000,China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of ovarian cysts during promoting ovulation on pregnancy in patients with infertility.Methods 56 cases of patients with ovarian cysts during promoting ovulation (study group) and 98 cases of patients without ovarian cysts (control group) in our hospital from January 2010 to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The number of basis follicles,the amount of injectable urinary gonadotropin,the days of ovulation,the dominant follicle count and pregnancy rate in the two groups were compared.Results The amount of injectable urinary gonadotropin,the days of ovulation,the dominant follicle count and pregnancy rate of two groups had significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ovarian cysts formed during promoting ovulation has some impact on pregnancy rate.
[Key words] Injectable卵巢囊肿的发生可能与促黄体生成素分泌不足,颗粒细胞上的促黄体生成素受体缺乏[1],应用促排卵药物[2],精神心理因素[3]等有关。在正常排卵过程中成熟的卵泡分泌的雌激素高峰的下丘脑产生正反馈作用,下丘脑释放大量促性腺激素释放激素,刺激垂体释放促性腺激素(促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素)并出现峰值[4],促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素排卵峰与孕酮的协同作用,激活卵泡液内的蛋白溶酶活性,溶解卵泡壁隆起的尖端部分,形成排卵空[4]。但在促黄体生成素分泌不足时,表现为卵泡成熟但不破裂,促黄体生成素峰出现后48 h卵泡仍继续生长,卵泡细胞出现黄素化,血孕酮水平上升,腹腔镜检查时卵巢上未呈现排卵口和血体[5],促排卵过程中形成的卵巢囊肿是导致不孕的常见病因,在不同阶段发生卵巢囊肿的机制与原因都有差异,对不孕症妊娠结局的影响也有争议,如何合理对待以及处理卵巢囊肿是目前治疗过程中需要关注的问题之一,为此本文比较促排卵过程中发生卵巢囊肿与未发生卵巢囊肿患者的临床资料,观察促排卵过程中卵巢囊肿形成对不孕症患者妊娠率的影响。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
回顾性分析2010年1月~2013年10月在本院不孕症门诊促排卵的患者,所有患者在用药前阴道超声监测卵泡成熟,注射绒促性腺激素(广东丽珠制药,100205B、120412),48~72 h后阴道超声监测,卵泡不破裂形成卵巢囊肿的56例患者为研究组,未形成卵巢囊肿的98例患者为对照组。两组的年龄、基础卵泡数、不孕年限、基础促卵泡生成素、基础促黄体生成素等资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 两组患者一般资料的比较(x±s)
1.2 方法
所有患者在月经的第5天口服枸橼酸氯米芬(高特制药,塞浦路斯,100504、120507)50 mg/d,连服5 d,月经第9~11天开始监测卵泡,月经第11天未见卵泡发育,给予尿促性腺激素37.5 mg/d,直到卵泡成熟,当卵泡直径≥18 mm或2个卵泡直径≥17 mm时注射绒促性腺激素 6000~8000 U后嘱同房,48~72 h后阴道超声监测卵泡是否破裂,并常规给予黄体支持。
1.3 观察指标
观察两组的一般情况、尿促性腺激素的用药天数、尿促性腺激素的用量、优势卵泡数、妊娠率等。排卵后14~18 d查血绒促性腺激素,若怀孕,排卵后35 d(孕50 d)超声检查宫腔内有孕囊并见有胎心搏动为临床妊娠。
1.4 统计学处理
采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据处理,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用两独立样本t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
两组在促排卵过程中尿促性腺激素用量、促排卵泡天数、优势卵泡数及妊娠率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
表2 两组尿促性腺激素用量、促排卵泡天数、优势卵泡数
及妊娠率的比较(x±s)
与对照组比较,*P﹤0.05
3 讨论
在超促排卵过程中出现非预期的卵巢功能性囊肿是在治疗不孕症过程中的并发症之一,虽然不同文献对卵巢功能性囊肿的定义与描述略有不同,但这些囊肿均有一个重要的特点,即分泌一定量的雌激素,并且激素水平与囊肿径线相关,因而目前基本认为该囊肿的本质是卵泡簇发育不同步所致的优势卵泡提前发育[6],这些囊肿称为功能性囊肿,来源于卵泡[7]。在月经期应用促性腺激素进行超排卵时,卵泡已经处于发育的不同状态,卵泡对促卵泡生成素的敏感性存在较大的差异,同时由于促黄体生成素处于较高水平,发育较好的卵泡促黄体生成素受体数目及敏感性更高,因而卵泡发育的差距将进一步拉大,容易出现单个卵泡主导化发育的情况[6]。其对超排卵的效果、卵泡同步化的影响以及对卵母细胞质量和高质量胚胎形成的关系都有争议。卵巢功能性囊肿的发生与患者的年龄、卵巢储备功能均有关系,文献有很多关于卵巢囊肿对临床结局影响的研究,有些认为卵巢囊肿患者的卵母细胞和胚胎质量显著下降[8],Eryllmaz等[9]也认为卵巢囊肿影响卵母细胞质量。本研究两组在促排卵过程中尿促性腺激素的用量、促排卵泡天数,优势卵泡数及妊娠率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与患者的促黄体生成素分泌不足,影响卵巢内环磷酸腺甘的增加,使孕酮分泌减少,局部纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂活性低下,降低纤维蛋白的溶解和卵泡壁自身消化作用,使卵泡的破裂及卵子的排出受到障碍有关[10]。枸橼酸氯米芬又有弱雌激素作用,加上卵泡生长后雌激素分泌过多,刺激脑中未被占据的雌激素受体,过早产生一定量的促黄体生成素,令卵泡内的颗粒细胞黄素化,孕激素过早上升,反馈性引起下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴调节失衡,导致不能排卵[11]。卵巢囊肿组患者妊娠率低于未发生卵巢囊肿组,可能与卵巢囊肿机械压迫,缩小卵泡生长空间或者减少卵巢血流,使妊娠率下降有关。枸橼酸氯米芬可能是通过中枢和局部的作用抑制卵泡破裂[11]。总之,促排卵过程中形成的卵巢囊肿对妊娠率有一定的影响。
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[参考文献]
[1]Monget P,Bondy C.Importance of the IGF system in early folliculogenesis[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2000,163(1-2):89-93.
[2]Mitwally MF,Casper RF.Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate[J].Fertil Steril,2001,75(2):305-309.
[3]Demyttenaere K,Nijs P,Evers-Kiebooms G,et al.Personality psychoendocrinological stress and outcome of IVF depend upon the etiology of infertility[J].Gynecol endocrinol,1994,8(4):233-240.
[4]乐杰.妇产科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[5]Dal J,Vural B,Caliskan E,et al.Power Doppler ultrasound studies of ovarian,uterine,and endometrial blood flow in regularly menstruating women with respect to luteal phase defects[J].Fertil Steril,2005,84(1):224-227.
[6]麦庆云.降调后超排卵过程中的卵巢囊肿形成与卵泡发育不同步的关系[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(10):779-780.
[7]Jenkins JM,Anthony FW,Wood P,et al.The development of functional ovarian cysts during pituitary down-regulation[J].Hum Reprod,1993,8(10):1623-1627.
[8]Qublan HS,Amarin Z,Tahat YA,et al.Oyarian cyst formathion following GnRH agonist administration in IVF cycles:incidence andimpact[J].Hum Reprod,2006,21(3):640-644.
[9]Eryllmaz OG,Sarlkaya E,Aksakal FN,et al.Ovarian cyst formathion following gonadotropin-relesing hormone-agonist administration decreases the oocyte quality in IVF cycles[J].Balkan Med J,2012,29(2):197-200.
[10]Murdoch WJ,Gottsch ML.Proteolytic mechanisms in the ovulatory folliculo-luteal transformation[J].Connect Tissue Res,2003,44(1):50-57.
[11]裴菲.未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征在人工授精术中发生的相关因素分析[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(2):135.
(收稿日期:2014-02-12本文编辑:郭静娟) urinary gonadotropin;Promoting ovulation;Ovarian cysts
endprint
[参考文献]
[1]Monget P,Bondy C.Importance of the IGF system in early folliculogenesis[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2000,163(1-2):89-93.
[2]Mitwally MF,Casper RF.Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate[J].Fertil Steril,2001,75(2):305-309.
[3]Demyttenaere K,Nijs P,Evers-Kiebooms G,et al.Personality psychoendocrinological stress and outcome of IVF depend upon the etiology of infertility[J].Gynecol endocrinol,1994,8(4):233-240.
[4]乐杰.妇产科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[5]Dal J,Vural B,Caliskan E,et al.Power Doppler ultrasound studies of ovarian,uterine,and endometrial blood flow in regularly menstruating women with respect to luteal phase defects[J].Fertil Steril,2005,84(1):224-227.
[6]麦庆云.降调后超排卵过程中的卵巢囊肿形成与卵泡发育不同步的关系[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(10):779-780.
[7]Jenkins JM,Anthony FW,Wood P,et al.The development of functional ovarian cysts during pituitary down-regulation[J].Hum Reprod,1993,8(10):1623-1627.
[8]Qublan HS,Amarin Z,Tahat YA,et al.Oyarian cyst formathion following GnRH agonist administration in IVF cycles:incidence andimpact[J].Hum Reprod,2006,21(3):640-644.
[9]Eryllmaz OG,Sarlkaya E,Aksakal FN,et al.Ovarian cyst formathion following gonadotropin-relesing hormone-agonist administration decreases the oocyte quality in IVF cycles[J].Balkan Med J,2012,29(2):197-200.
[10]Murdoch WJ,Gottsch ML.Proteolytic mechanisms in the ovulatory folliculo-luteal transformation[J].Connect Tissue Res,2003,44(1):50-57.
[11]裴菲.未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征在人工授精术中发生的相关因素分析[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(2):135.
(收稿日期:2014-02-12本文编辑:郭静娟) urinary gonadotropin;Promoting ovulation;Ovarian cysts
endprint
[参考文献]
[1]Monget P,Bondy C.Importance of the IGF system in early folliculogenesis[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2000,163(1-2):89-93.
[2]Mitwally MF,Casper RF.Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate[J].Fertil Steril,2001,75(2):305-309.
[3]Demyttenaere K,Nijs P,Evers-Kiebooms G,et al.Personality psychoendocrinological stress and outcome of IVF depend upon the etiology of infertility[J].Gynecol endocrinol,1994,8(4):233-240.
[4]乐杰.妇产科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[5]Dal J,Vural B,Caliskan E,et al.Power Doppler ultrasound studies of ovarian,uterine,and endometrial blood flow in regularly menstruating women with respect to luteal phase defects[J].Fertil Steril,2005,84(1):224-227.
[6]麦庆云.降调后超排卵过程中的卵巢囊肿形成与卵泡发育不同步的关系[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(10):779-780.
[7]Jenkins JM,Anthony FW,Wood P,et al.The development of functional ovarian cysts during pituitary down-regulation[J].Hum Reprod,1993,8(10):1623-1627.
[8]Qublan HS,Amarin Z,Tahat YA,et al.Oyarian cyst formathion following GnRH agonist administration in IVF cycles:incidence andimpact[J].Hum Reprod,2006,21(3):640-644.
[9]Eryllmaz OG,Sarlkaya E,Aksakal FN,et al.Ovarian cyst formathion following gonadotropin-relesing hormone-agonist administration decreases the oocyte quality in IVF cycles[J].Balkan Med J,2012,29(2):197-200.
[10]Murdoch WJ,Gottsch ML.Proteolytic mechanisms in the ovulatory folliculo-luteal transformation[J].Connect Tissue Res,2003,44(1):50-57.
[11]裴菲.未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征在人工授精术中发生的相关因素分析[J].生殖医学杂志,2013,22(2):135.
(收稿日期:2014-02-12本文编辑:郭静娟) urinary gonadotropin;Promoting ovulation;Ovarian cysts
endprint