如何巧解中考英语试题中的对划线部分提问
2014-07-16赵玄
赵玄
对划线部分进行提问,是中考中的一种常见题型,主要考查针对句子中的某一成分提出问题的能力。笔者结合自己十几年的切身教学经验,就此类问题进行了研究与归纳,认为做此类题型就需要三步。下面我以这个句子为例:
I am playing computer games in my bedroom now.
第一步:一变(原句变成一般疑问句)
要把一个陈述句变成一般疑问句的形式很简单,我们又可以分为五种情况来分别对待:
1. 找be动词(am/is/are/was/were),有则放在句首;
2. 无be动词,则再找情态动词(can/may/must/will/should/would/could/has/have等),有情态动词则直接将其提在句首;
3. 无be动词,无情动,则再找是否有助动词(will/shall/would/have/has/had),有则直接放在句首;
4. 无be动词,无情态动词,也无助词,则只有借助词 助动词do,does或did放于疑问词后,且原实义动词形式要还原;例如:①Jim speaks English very well. → Does Jim speak English very well? ②Mr Li taught him math last year. → Did Mr Li teach him math last year?
5. 变人称:原句中涉及第一人称的人称代词、形容性物主代词、名词性物主代词要变成第二人称的对应代词;同样,原句中涉及第二人称的人称代词、形容性物主代词、名词性物主代词要变成第一人称的对应代词。例如:①I am playing computer games in my bedroom now. → Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now? ②We did our homework carefully. → Did you do your homework carefully?
这一步是特别容易出错的一步,原句中所用的谓语动词我们一定要仔细判断,是be动词、助动词还是实意动词, 假如是实意动词的话还要考虑时态,这个步骤很关键也是又一个需要细心和耐心的过程,解题时我们要稳中求细,细中求准。
第二步:二去 (将原句除划线部分外的剩余部分抄下来,注意状语从句部分可不抄)
这一步相对简单,就是在一般疑问句中去掉划线部分。例如:①I am playing computer games in my bedroom now. → Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now? ②Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now? → Are you playing computer games now?
第三步:三选(在做题前首先要先认真读题、观察划线部分,以便确定该用什么样的特殊疑问词。)这个步骤虽然简单,但却相当有必要,来不得半点马虎,因为它直接起到了导航作用。
1. 对主语提问
对主语提问时,只需找出一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分;句子的语序不变。疑问词用法口诀:
对物、人名、职业进行提问用what,对地点提问用where,对关系提问用who,对价格提问用how much,对几点几分提问用what time,对不是表示几点几分的时间状语提问用when,对年龄提问用how old,对颜色提问用what color, 对身体状况提问用 how,对人提问用who(主格)或whom(宾格), 对出行方式状语提问用how,对星期提问用what day,对日期提问用what date,对天气提问用what (how) is the weather like,对相貌特征提问用what...be...like,对四季提问用which weather。
(1)主语是人,用who代替。例如:
Jim is a teacher. →Who is a teacher?
(2)主语是物用what 代替。
There is a book in the bag. →What is in the bag?
(注意:这里不能用What is there 或What are there)
2. 对谓语提问(或对谓语和宾语提问)
例句:He eats an apple. →What does he do?
(1)do代替eat,what代替an apple;
(2)写下疑问词,主语是he,无be动词,选用助动词does,动词原形用do;
就I am playing computer games in my bedroom now. 这个句子为例,使用“一变、二去、三选”方法如下:
①I am playing computer games in my bedroom now.
→Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now?
②Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now? →Are you playing computer games now?
③Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now? →Where Are you playing computer games now? (in your bedroom是表示地点,所以提问就用Where)
综上所述,只要我们平时能够严格按照“一变,二去,三选”来做就划线部分提问的题型,我们就会发现原来这类试题如此简单。
张尹琼. 疑问代词的非疑问用法[D]. 复旦大学, 2005.