神经型钙黏蛋白在肝门部胆管癌中的表达及意义
2014-07-05杨景红董祖海肖福斌候巧燕
杨景红 董祖海肖福斌 候巧燕
神经型钙黏蛋白在肝门部胆管癌中的表达及意义
杨景红 董祖海△肖福斌 候巧燕
目的研究神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)在肝门部胆管癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法免疫组化检测26例肝门部胆管癌与癌旁及5例正常胆管组织中N-cadherin表达差异。Western blot对比N-cadherin在肝门部胆管癌组织中与癌旁中差异。结果免疫组化示26例肝门部胆管癌癌组织中有14例N-cadherin表达阳性,癌旁组织中6例阳性(P<0.05)。正常胆管阳性表达0例。N-cadherin在低分化癌组阳性表达率高于中、高分化癌组。Western blot示N-cadherin在肝门部胆管癌组织中的表达高于癌旁组织(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,P<0.05)。结论N-cadherin可能参与肝门部胆管癌的发生发展。
钙黏着糖蛋白类;胆管肿瘤;免疫组织化学;印迹法,蛋白质;神经型钙黏蛋白;肝门部胆管癌
肝门部胆管癌是一种起源于左右胆管分叉附近的上皮恶性肿瘤,侵袭性高,因其所在的解剖学位置特殊,手术切除肿瘤难度大,术后复发率高,5年生存率低。肝门部胆管癌约占所有胆管癌类型的40%~ 60%,高于肝内胆管癌及远端胆管癌。神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)被认为能增强肿瘤的转移及侵袭能力[1]。本研究旨在探讨N-cadherin在肝门部胆管癌组织中的表达及其与临床特征的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料收集26例2005年8月—2013年8月我院肝胆胰外科手术完整切除的肝门部胆管癌及癌旁标本,置于-80℃保存。患者术前均未行放疗、化疗,术后病理切片证实为肝门部胆管细胞癌。男19例,女7例,年龄35~82岁。癌旁组织取距离肿瘤组织1 cm处组织。低分化10例,中、高分化16例。有淋巴转移12例,无淋巴转移14例,发生神经侵犯9例,未见神经侵犯17例。美国癌症联合会(AJCC)T分期[2]Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ期共18例。5例免疫组化正常对照胆管标本,其中3例来自因肝细胞癌行肝移植受体肝胆管,胆管经病理学检测无癌变及侵犯;1例来自2岁儿童先天性胆总管囊肿;1例来自胰头占位行肝肠吻合时切除的远端胆管,胆管经病理学检测无癌变。
1.2 试剂即用型鼠抗人N-cadherin抗体、小鼠抗人β-actin(北京中杉金桥),通用型免疫组化二抗工作液,DAB显色试剂盒(福州迈新)。RIPA细胞裂解液、BCA蛋白检测试剂(Thermo),兔抗人N-cadherin多克隆抗体、辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology),ECL发光液(南京凯基)。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 免疫组化4%中性甲醛浸泡,并用石蜡包埋。切片厚为5 μm。按常规脱蜡、水化,PBS液冲洗10 min,加内源性过氧化氢阻断液,孵育10 min,PBS冲洗3次,滴加兔抗人N-cadherin单克隆抗体4℃过夜,PBS冲洗后滴加免疫组化二抗,室温孵育1 h,PBS冲洗3次,每次3 min,加DAB显色液后自来水冲洗,苏木素复染,中性树胶封片,光学显微镜观察。免疫组化阴性对照组用PBS代替一抗,阳性对照为正常心肌。免疫组化结果阳性计数采用400倍下每张切片取10个视野,每个视野100个细胞,>10%染色定义为阳性[3]。
1.3.2Western blot取-80℃冰箱保存组织,解冻后加细胞裂解液于冰上超声破碎细胞,提取组织总蛋白,用BCA法定量蛋白含量,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后转膜,转膜时间为140 min,5%脱脂奶粉封闭过夜,TBST摇床冲洗3次(每次15 min),加兔抗人N-cadherin(1∶500)于37℃孵育1 h。TBST液冲洗3次(每次15 min),加辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗兔抗体(1∶4 000)于37℃温箱孵育1 h,TBST液冲洗3次(每次15 min)后加发光液后暗室爆光。β-actin作为内参。以N-cadherin条带吸光度与β-actin条带吸光度的比值作为蛋白相对表达水平。
1.4 统计学方法用SPSS 17.0统计软件处理。计数资料的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。计量资料以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 免疫组化结果癌组织N-cadherin阳性表达率高于癌旁组织[14例(53.85%)vs 6例(23.08%),χ2= 5.200,P<0.05)],见图1~3。正常对照胆管未见阳性表达,见图4。癌组织中N-cadherin阳性表达率比较,低分化者高于中、高分化者(P<0.05),其余不同分组患者癌组织中N-cadherin阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义,见表1。
Fig.1 The positive expression of N-cadherin in low differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)图1 低分化肝门部胆管癌组织中N-cadherin表达(免疫组化,×400)
Fig.2 The positive expression of N-cadherin in middle differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)图2 中分化肝门部胆管癌组织中N-cadherin表达(免疫组化,×400)
Fig.3 The positive expression of N-cadherin in high differentiated perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(IHC,×400)图3 高分化肝门部胆管癌中N-cadherin表达(免疫组化,×400)
Fig.4 No significant expression of N-cadherin in normal bile duct tissues(IHC,×400)图4 对照胆管无明显N-cadherin表达(免疫组化,×400)
Tab.1 Correlation of N-cadherin in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and different clinical pathological factors表1 癌组织中N-cadherin表达与患者临床病理特征的关系(例)
2.2Western blot结果癌组织中N-cadherin表达量高于癌旁组织(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,t=14.12,P<0.05),见图5。
Fig.5 The expression of N-cadherin in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and corresponding paraneoplastic tissues图5 癌组织和对应癌旁组织中N-cadherin表达Western blot结果
3 讨论
N-cadherin是钙黏蛋白家族中的一个经典成员,其主要在神经组织中正常表达并起细胞间黏附作用,在正常心肌、肝组织中也有表达。N-cadherin为分子质量140 ku的跨膜蛋白,表达于正常肝细胞细胞膜上,其细胞外的结构区域参与细胞间相互连接作用。研究发现高表达N-cadherin能增加前列腺癌血管生成[4],以及食管癌、甲状腺癌、黑色素瘤[5]细胞迁徙转移能力,并与这些肿瘤的恶性行为相关。但并非所有恶性肿瘤中均存在N-cadherin高表达,肝细胞癌中N-cadherin表达降低,并与患者的预后相关[6]。本研究免疫组化结果示肝门部胆管癌细胞质及细胞膜中N-cadherin有过度表达,癌组织阳性率明显高于癌旁,正常胆管组织中未见明显阳性表达;Western blot结果示癌组织N-cadherin表达量高于癌旁组织。N-cadherin只是钙黏蛋白家族中众多成员之一,其他类型还包括上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)等。近年发现,N-cadherin、E-cadherin参与肿瘤的上皮-间质细胞转化过程(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT),EMT过程中E-cadherin表达下调,而N-cadherin蛋白表达增多,EMT已被证实参与肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程[7]。研究报道E-cadherin在胆管癌中表达低于癌旁[8],但该研究并没有报道N-cadherin的表达情况。有研究发现上调恶性黑色素瘤细胞珠中N-cadherin表达后细胞侵袭能力明显增强,敲除黑色素瘤细胞系中N-cadherin基因后细胞停留在G1期而不能进入S期[9]。选择性抑制N-cadherin药物正在进行Ⅱ期临床试验[10],为肝门部胆管癌的治疗提供了新靶点。检查本组手术切除标本中的神经组织发现发生神经侵犯的病例较多(9/26),这也符合肝门部胆管癌侵袭性高、容易复发、预后差的临床特点,提示术者手术时尽量切除靠近癌组织的周围神经。N-cadherin在不同分化的肝门部胆管癌中阳性表达有差异,提示N-cadherin可能参与肿瘤的分化过程。Vandyke等[11]对骨肉瘤患者血中N-cadherin分析发现>6 μg/L患者预后较≤6 μg/L患者差,但其准确性仍需大样本临床观察证明。临床上肝门部胆管癌患者在就诊时往往已失去手术机会,因此病例较难收集,本研究证明N-cadherin在肝门部胆管癌中有表达,为下一步研究提供了依据。
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(2013-10-27收稿2014-02-17修回)
(本文编辑李国琪)
Expression and Significance of Neural Cadherin in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
YANG Jinghong,DONG Zuhai,XIAO Fubin,HOU Qiaoyan
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,Guilin 541004,China DONG Zuhai,E-mail:doctordong888@163.com
ObjectiveTo explore the expression and the clinical significance of neural cadherin(N-cadherin)in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsThe expression of N-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemical method in 26 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and 5 samples of normal bile duct tissues.The expression of N-cadherin was also compared by Western blotting assay between perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and paraneoplastic tissues.ResultsThe immunohistochemical results showed that positive expression of N-cadherin was observed in 14 of 26 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and in 6 of 26 paraneoplastic samples(53.84%vs 23.08%,P<0.05).There was 0 N-cadherin expression in normal bile duct tissues.The positive rate of N-cadherin expression was higher in low differentiated group than that in middle and well differentiated groups.The result of Western blotting assay showed that N-cadherin expression was significantly higher in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma than that in the paraneoplastic tissues(0.88±0.12 vs 0.43±0.09,P<0.05).ConclusionN-cadherin may be involved in the occurrence and development of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
cadherins;bile duct neoplasms;immunohistochemistry;blotting,Western;neural cadherin;perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
R735.8
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.07.016
广西壮族自治区医疗卫生重点科研课题(2011010)
桂林医学院附属医院肝胆外科(邮编541004)
△通讯作者E-mail:doctordong888@163.com