草炭复配基质盐分含量对黄瓜育苗的影响
2014-04-29王朋成等
王朋成等
摘要
[目的]为了研究草炭复配基质盐分含量对黄瓜育苗的影响。[方法]采用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比3∶1∶1配制育苗基质,研究草炭复配基质盐分含量对黄瓜育苗的影响。[结果]当基质盐分含量在1.5~3.0 g/kg(EC 1.2~2.9 mS/cm)时,黄瓜种子发芽和生长较好,叶面积、全株干重、壮苗指数、活力指数均达到较高值,且当盐分含量为3.0 g/kg(EC 2.9 mS/cm)时,活力指数、壮苗指数均最高;当盐分含量小于1.5 g/kg(EC 1.2 mS/cm)时,子叶较小,叶色浅,幼苗生长发育缓慢甚至停滞;当盐分含量大于4.5 g/kg(EC 4.0 mS/cm)时,叶色深绿、皱缩、边缘干枯,幼苗生长受到抑制;当盐分含量大于11.5 g/kg(EC 9.1 mS/cm) 时,黄瓜种子不能出苗。[结论] 该研究可以为黄瓜育苗基质的盐分控制标准提供理论依据。
关键词黄瓜;基质;盐分含量;活力指数;壮苗指数
中图分类号S642.2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)36-12865-03
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of salt content of complex substrate on cucumber seedling. [Method] Peat, vermiculite and perlite (volume ratio was 3∶1∶1) which was added different content of salt were used as cucumber substrate. And the germination and the amount of growth were studied. [Result] The cucumber seeds germinate and plant growth were better when the salt content was 1.5-35 g/kg (EC 1.2-3.5 mS/cm), including the leaf area, total dry weight, seedling index and vigor index. When the salt content was 3.0 g/kg (EC 2.9 mS/cm), the vigor index, and seedling index reached the peak. When the salt content was less than 1.5 g/kg (EC 1.2 mS/cm), the cotyledons were smaller, the leaf color was shallow, and the seedling growth was slow. When the salt content was greater than 4.5 g/kg (EC 4.0 mS/cm), the leaf color was dark green and wrinkled, and leaf blades ran dry, then seedling growth was inhibited. When the salt content was greater than 11.5 g/kg (EC 9.1 mS/cm), the cucumber seeds couldnt germinate. [Conclusion] The research could provide the theoretical basis for the salinity control standard of the substrate of cucumber seedling.
Key wordsCucumber; Substrate; Salt content; Vigor index; Seedling index
基質是育苗的基础条件,直接影响育苗质量。基质可溶性盐分含量(或EC)与育苗基质质量密切相关。低浓度盐对幼苗的生长、发育具有刺激作用,盐分含量超过一定量时就会对蔬菜作物造成盐胁迫[1-2]。盐胁迫对苗期作物的危害主要表现在阻碍作物的生长发育,减少生物量,甚至导致幼苗期作物的死亡[3]。我国目前工厂化育苗多用草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩按照不同比例混配的复合基质,而对育苗基质中适合育苗的盐分含量的研究鲜有报道。笔者开展了育苗基质中不同盐分含量对黄瓜育苗影响的试验研究,以期为黄瓜育苗基质的盐分控制标准提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
供试黄瓜品种为“津优35”。试验于2014年5~6月在安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所育苗温室实施。育苗基质配制材料为洗盐处理后的草炭(pH 5.5,EC 130 mS/cm,可溶性盐含量1.3 g/kg),蛭石(pH 6.7,EC 034 mS/cm,可溶性盐含量0.165 g/kg),珍珠岩(pH 7.2,EC 009 mS/cm,可溶性盐含量0.044 g/kg)。采用全水溶性58%氮磷钾复合固肥调节基质盐分。
1.2试验方法
1.2.1
试验设计。
将草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩分别晾干后过5 mm筛,按体积比3∶1∶1配制育苗基质。将不同浓度的可溶性氮磷钾复合固肥溶于水,均匀喷洒到育苗基质中,混拌均匀,使育苗基质可溶性盐浓度达到试验设计要求(表1)。以基质不添加可溶性盐为对照。
试验采用一次性透明塑料杯(100 ml/杯)育苗。试验设25个处理,每个处理3次重复,每个重复10个塑料杯,每杯播种2粒。每个塑料杯装基质80 ml,播种前浇水60 ml至底部有少量积水。播种后覆盖相应基质,基质厚度0.5 cm,覆盖地膜保湿。
播种后塑料杯置于温室内,室内温度高于30 ℃时进行遮阳降温。浇水采用去离子水,每次每杯浇水40 ml,浇水时间上午8:00~9:00时, 累计浇水9次。
3 结论与讨论
发芽指数和活力指数是评价种子发芽常用的指标,反映种子发芽速度、发芽整齐度和幼苗健壮的潜势[4]。基质中含有低浓度的盐分可以促进种子的萌发[5-6]。研究表明,草炭、
蛭石、珍珠岩复配黄瓜育苗基质可溶性盐分浓度低于3.0 g/kg (EC 2.9 mS/cm)时,黄瓜种子发芽指数、出苗率、活力指数随着盐分浓度的增加而增加。该结果与宋科等[7]研究结果一致;当基质盐分含量为1.5~3.0 g/kg(EC 1.2~2.9 mS/cm)时,黄瓜种子发芽指数、活力指数均达到较高值,且种子萌发时间缩短;当盐分含量小于6.0 g/kg(EC 6.3 mS/cm)时,发芽指数降低,影响种子出苗时间,但最终出苗率无显著变化。这与张志刚等[8]研究一致。
在盐胁迫下,幼苗根系、地上部生长均受到抑制[7,9]。阎秀峰等[10]报道了星星草幼根生长与盐浓度呈极显著的负相关,而其幼芽在低盐浓度下則表现出增效效应。研究中,当基质盐分含量小于3.0 g/kg (EC 2.9 mS/cm)时黄瓜幼苗生长量随着盐分浓度的增加而增加,当大于3.0 g/kg (EC 2.9 mS/cm)时幼苗生长量随盐分浓度的增加而减少,当盐分含量大于4.5g/kg (EC 4.0 mS/cm)时黄瓜苗开始出现盐害。这与ZHU等[2-3]研究结果一致。由此可知,一定浓度的盐分离子是幼苗生长发育所需的营养成分,能够刺激作物的生长发育。
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