老年人跌倒的防护

交流

护士：王老师，您怎么啦？

病人：哦，是张护士啊。我刚刚下楼时不小心踩了空，当时左脚踝部痛得不得了，还有恶心。

护士：真是不巧。让我帮您检查一下。（张护士轻轻地扶起她的左腿，先检查左膝关节，无明显异常发现，再检查左踝关节，能活动，但局部疼痛加剧，左下肢各部位无反常活动，无骨擦音。）

病人：我是不是骨折了？您快告诉我呀。不过现在疼痛已好了点。

护士：王老师，您的情况不算严重，从我检查的结果看没有骨折。但是要确定您是单纯的软组织损伤还是伴有骨裂，最好通过摄片后才能确定。

病人：如果我有骨裂的话，需要多长时间才能好？

护士：您三周内不能负重。可用石膏托固定受伤踝关节，同时观察局部的血液循环，另外配制一付拐杖，局部进行锻炼，以防关节僵硬及肌肉萎缩。

病人：好的。

护士：您现在怎样了？我现在扶您起来，在边上的凳子上坐一会儿，我们再观察一下好吗？

病人：好的。真该死，我的眼睛从年轻时就不好，严重近视，听医生说，现在又有点白内障。

护士：噢，那您更应该小心。老年人本来视敏度、调节能力和视野下降，加上又有白内障，上下楼梯尤其是下楼梯时更应小心，走路速度要慢。

病人：我有心急的毛病。另外，我锻炼时不要人家在旁边看着我，所以我就选择在人少的地方锻炼。

护士：王老师，今后您锻炼时，最好有您的老伴陪着您，这样你们可以互相照应。还有锻炼时间最好早一点。如果路上光线不好，很容易跌倒的。

Interactions

Nurse：Teacher Wang，what’s the matter with you？

Patient：Ah，Miss Zhang.I fell from the steps when I came downstairs and felt a sharp pain on my left ankle and also felt nausea.

Nurse：Oh，I’m sorry to hear that.Let me take a look.（Miss Zhang held Ms.Wang’s left leg up gently and checked her knee joint.No abnormality was found.The sore spot was on Ms.Wang’s left anklebone and it was more painful when moved.No obvious abnormal movement and crepitate sounds were noticed.）

Patient：Please tell me，is there any fracture？The pain is a bit less now.

Nurse：Teacher Wang，your injury is not very severe.There dose not seem to be a fracture.But you should take an X-ray to be sure if you just have some soft tissue injury or also have hair line fracture.

Patient：How long would it take to heal if I have a hairline fracture？

Nurse：You should not bear any weight during the first 3weeks.You might need a cast to immobilize your injured ankle joint.You can use a crutch to help you walk and you should monitor the local extremity circulation.You should also do some partial exercise to prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

Patient：OK.

Nurse：How do you feel now？Let me help you up and sit down on the bench for awhile，we will then monitor the injured ankle a little bit more，OK？

Patient：All right.I have been suffering from severe myopia since I was young，and now my eye doctor told me that I have cataracts.

Nurse：An elder person like you usually suffers decreased visual acuity，decreased accommodation in the eyes，decreased peripheral visions and is more sensible to glares.Since you have severe myopia and some cataract，you should be especially careful when going downstairs.

Patient：I am very impatient.In addition，I select the out-of-the-way place for my exercise because I don’t like people watching me when I exercise.

Nurse：Teacher Wang，you should ask your husband to accompany you when you exercise so you can take care of each other.Also，the time for you to exercise should be early in the evening before dark.It is easer to fall if there is not enough light.