Abstracts

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Abstract：As favorable conditions were an important basis for the continuous tight-sandstone gas accumulating in large scale，it is of great significance in both theory and practice to probe into these conditions.This paper discussed source rocks，tight gas reservoirs，cap rocks and structure factors that were needed for the continuous tight-sand gas reservoir in Jurassic Ahe formation，Kuqa depression.The results showed that source rocks in the Triassic supplied enough gas for the accumulation of the tightsandstone gas，tight sand reservoirs controlled the distribution of tight-sandstone gas both from the space and time，overlying coal and underlying shale protected the gas accumulation.Apart from these，dramatically structure activity in the later stage promoted the stratus being buried in a fast speed，which was beneficial for thermal evolution of source rocks and offering abundance gas.On the other hands，the structure activity played a significant role in adjusting the continuous tight-sandstone gas reservoirs，because fractures formed by structure activity could improve the physical property and formed the channel for gas losing.

continuous tight-sandstone gas reservoirs；accumulation conditions；Kuqa depression；Jurassic；source rock

Abstract：Passive continental margin basin is the most important type of basins where we have found the largest number of oil and gas fields till now and also it is the most important type of basins which controls the formation of oil and gas.Therefore，it is of great significance to study how the passive continental margin basins control the oil and gas formation.Through the study of Gulf of Mexico basin，this paper discussed it from the views of its role of controlling the hydrocarbon generation，reservoir seal，cove and migration.We know the development and evolution of passive continental margin basins provide continuous and stable time and space，hydrocarbon，quality clastic and carbonate reservoirs，evapo-rate and favorable structure for the formation of oil and gas.In short，passive continental margin basins have a good control on oil and gas formation.

Key words：passive continental margin basins；prototype basins；the formation of oil and gas；control function；Gulf of Mexico basin

Abstract：In order to quickly and accurately simulate the drainage area in the development of the shale gas reservoir，the high accuracy fast marching method is used to solve the Eikonal equation，and flow regimes are separated according to the compound linear model to offer convenience to convert the diffusion time of flight to real time，then the plate of the"front"of the pressure vs.time and figure of the propagation area vs.time can be obtained.The results calculated by fast marching method and high accuracy fast marching method are compared in this paper，and the drainage area calculated by the later one is larger at the same time based on the results.Under the condition of the total fracture length is equal，by comparing the drainage area under different fracture patterns，we can find that，before the connection of the pressure between different fractures，the fracture pattern will not affect the drainage area，while after the connection of the pressure between different fractures，there is obvious influence on drainage area.

Key words：shale gas；high accuracy fast marching method；drainage area；propagation of pressure；fracture pattern

Abstract：Reservoirs of Denglouku formation，Yingcheng formation and Shahezi formation of lower Cretaceous in Dehui fault depression all present poor physical property，thus bring high risk to oil and gas exploration.Based on methods of core observation，cast thin-sections authentication，scanning electron microscope analysis，and X-ray diffraction of clay minerals analysis，the basic characteristics，diagenesis，and controlling factors of reservoir were investigated.It is indicated that the textural and compositional maturation of the reservoir are both low.There are three kinds of pores，such as：remainder intergranular pore，secondary pore and mixed pore，and both of the physical property and pore structure are very poor.The compaction is responsible for the loss of the primary porosity，and the dissolution improves reservoir property.There exist two secondary pores belts vertically，which formed during middle diagenesis phase.The secondary pores is related with organic acid and fault.The above research results can provide guidance for the further oil and gas exploration of lower Cretaceous in Dehui fault depression，and it is favorable for the reservoir research in other areas with similar characteristics.

Key words：Songliao basin；Dehui fault depression；reservoir characteristics；diagenesis；controlling factor

Abstract：In this paper，Quantitative Grain Fluorescence（QGF）techniques were applied to research hydrocarbon adjustment characteristics of Yingmai 7 structural belt in the Kuche depression，Tarim basin.Combined with the observation of fluid inclusion，microscopic analysis of reservoir bitumen and analysis of regional tectonic evolution history，this study provides valid evidence for Yingmai 7 structural belt's hydrocarbon accumulation process during Paleogene.We concluded that Yingmai 19 had residual oil by analyzing the fluid inclusions，reservoir bitumen and the quantitative fluorescence spectral which response to the samples of Yingmai 19 Paleogene sandstone reservoir.Since the thickness of old oil column is greater than that of current oil，ancient oil reservoir was developed in this area，resulting in oil spill.By analyzing grain fluorescence spectrum，we speculate that the current oil water interface of Yingmai 19 is at 4 706 m.Combined with the analysis of regional tectonic evolution history of southern slope area，we consider that during the early stage（from Jidike period to Kangcun period），the hydrocarbon reservoir of Yingmai 7 structural belt was mainly formed by oil charging.Old oil reservoir was formed in this stage.During the late stage（since Kuche period），gas charging is the main way.Original oil and gas reservoir was modified by periodic charging and washing of gas.Old oil water interfaces was adjusted downward many times.Affected by tectonic uplift movement，current gas condensate reservoirs were ultimately formed.

Key words：the southern slope belt of Kuqa；Yingmai 7 tectonic belt；hydrocarbon accumulation process；restore of ancient oil-water interface；quantitative fluorescence techniques

Abstract：Pre-stack depth migration is an effective approach to obtain the subsurface structures imaging，and pre-stack depth migration approach based on the wave equation has better adaptability to image formations with transverse velocity rapid changing.The paper investigates on phase shift（PS），phase shift plus interpolation（PSPI），finite difference（FD）in frequency-space domain，Fourier finite difference（FFD）based on one-way wave equation and reverse time migration based on two-way wave equation，explains its theoretical foundation and implementation，analysis advantages and disadvantages of each approach，tests its accuracy and adaptability by imaging complicated structure，such as graben model and Salt-2D model.Result shows that，pre-stack depth migration based on wave equation can achieve imaging to transverse velocity changing structure，but compared to reverse time migration bases on twoway wave equation，one-way wave equation approaches have limitation for imaging high steep dip structure like vertical fault.While reverse time migration can clearly image complicated structure，like vertical fault and lower boundary of salt，supplemented by precise formation velocity，reverse time migration approach has broad prospects for development and application in the field of seismic imaging.

Key words：pre-stack depth migration；phase shift；phase shift plus interpolation；finite difference in frequency space domain；Fourier finite difference；reverse time migration

Abstract：In order to analyze the pore structure of shale reservoir，comparing the characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance，CT scanning，SEM，mercury porosimetry，nitrogen adsorption method，we introduced an improvement method for combination of Argon-ion milling-SEM technology and ImageJ software.First，get the shale pore images of the Doushantuo Formation in middle Yangtze area using argon ion polishing-SEM technology，the pore types are divided into organic pore，intragranular pores，intergranular pore and micro cracks；the pore morphology is divided into irregular polygonal pore，suborbicular pore，complex pore network pore，vein or banded pore.Then，quantitative analysis was conducted of the SEM images of Doushantuo Formation shale using ImageJ software.The results show that：organic pore is the most development than intergranular pore and intragranular pore；the diameter of intergranular pore and intragranular pore is larger than organic pore；the porosity of shale is 0.49%～1.21%，the average total porosity is 2.86%.By using this method，we can realize the qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of shale gas pore structure，as well as the quantitative evaluation of shale reservoirs，this study has great significance in the analysis of shale gas pore structure.

Key words：shale gas；reservoir；pore structure；argon-ion milling；ImageJ software

Abstract：During high water cut stage，it is unknown for remaining oil accumulation rules difficult to develop along fault.Taking Putaohua reservoir of north fault block of Xinnan oilfield，Songliao basin as an example，this paper analyzed the match relationship of fault and reservoir at the edge of faults，reservoir sandbody development characteristics，reservoir sedimentary evolution sequence and single sandbody developing situation by 3D seismic，logging curve and production performance data.It can be concluded that remaining oil accumulation parts in plane was affected by single sandbody developing situation af-fected by the match relationship of fault and reservoir.In vertical，accumulation parts were affected by reservoir sedimentary evolution sequence and medium thickness river channel by reservoir sandbody development characteristics.Finally a theoretical method of remaining oil accumulation rules during high water cut stage and developing for directional well is established，which provides security for maturing field to increase reserves and maintain production.

Key words：fault boundary；remaining oil enrichment rule；directional well tapping；Putaohua reservoir；Songliao basin

Abstract：South Ordos basin is the chief target of increasing resources and production，which has plenty of petroleum resources.There is intimate relationship between lacustrine basin infilling and Qinling orogenesis of late Triassic because of much event deposition and exploring achievements which are found in Yanchang formation at present，so it is a bias distortion if Qinling orogenesis is broken away from sedimentation of Yanchang formation.In order to resolve coupling problem of Qinling orogenesis and Yanchang formation sedimentary，we analyze outcrops，well cores，sedimentary area and source area.It is showed that source area uplift，orogenesis belt front subside，lake level rise and partly transgression are resulted by Qinling orogenesis of late Triassic.Slump turbidite are caused by unstable gravity from delta front in south ordos basin because of asymmetrical basin which south is steep and north is slight slope.Volcanic erupt along with Qinling orogenesis results in changing biologic groups，on the other hand，biologic groups are flourishing because of eutrophy of tuff，and finally facilitate the formation of superior source rock.The study of coupling relationship has a guiding significance when we looking for hydrocarbon source rocks，judging the sedimentary facies，determining the tectonic background and it is also useful to the exploration of oil and gas.

Key words：event deposition；Yanchang formation；turbidite；tuff；Ordos basin

Abatrct：A microbial strain that could degrade polyacrylamide and grow on HPAM as the sole source of carbon was isolated from reservoirs after polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield.This strain was named as QSJU001.Appraised by the strain 16S r DNA molecular biology，its alignment of 16S r DNA sequence had 99%similarity with those of the first ten strains of nearest heredity distance in GeneBank.Using 16S r DNA sequence and the first ten strains of 16S r DNA sequence to create a phylogenetic tree，we found that nucleotide difference between QSJU001 and Acinetobacter baumannii strain KK14 is minimum.Morphological，physiological and biochemical，molecular biological identification results show QSJU001 is identified as Acinetobacter sp..The results of degradation rate experiment show that degradation rate for polyacrylamide of QSJU001 is around 33%.It has a good effect on the degradation for polyacrylamide.

Key words：hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-degrading bacteria strain；isolation；phylogeny；Acinetobacter sp.

Abstract：In a reservoir with low permeability，there is a moving boundary in fluid transient flows in the presence of threshold pressure gradients（TPG），The transmission of the moving boundary may indicate the size of the drainage area as well as exert visible influences on the pressure behavior.Including TPGs and moving boundaries，the paper presents a bilinear flow mathematical model of finite-conductivity vertically fractured wells in a channel-type reservoir with low permeability.Both moving boundary equation and reservoir pressure distribution are obtained by means of Laplace transformation.Moving boundary pattern，wellface pressure distribution characteristics and rate decline behavior are analyzed by using Newton iteration in Laplace domain and Stehfest numerical inversion.It is shown that the higher the TPG is，the slower the moving boundary spreads，the larger pressure loss is，the faster well production declines.In the condition of constant flow rate，the greater the fracture conductivity is，the lower pressure loss is.Influences of the fracture conductivity on the moving boundary pattern may be little in the earlier stage and will disappear soon by time elapsed.However，we can employ a uniform-flux fracture model to evaluate the moving boundary pattern.In the condition of constant pressure，there is a maximum value for the moving boundary，so we can determine the maximum single production area，the results will provide practical reference for the actual production.

Key words：threshold pressure gradient；moving boundary；finite-conductivity vertical fracture；bilinear flow；pressure analysis

Abstract：In this paper，butterfly-wing shaped hierarchical TiO2nanotube arrays（TiO2NTs）coated with Ag nanoparticles were manufactured as a higher photocatalytic activity catalyst toward evaporated methanol.These NTs were prepared by an in-situ two-step anodization method and modified with Ag by means of photoreduction process（Ag/TiO2NTs）.SEM，EDS，XRD and UV-DRS were respectively u-tilized to analyze and characterize the morphology，elementary composition，crystalline phase and UVVis Spectra of the TiO2NTs and Ag/TiO2NTs.Meanwhile，the gas phase photocatalytic activities of TiO2NTs and Ag/TiO2NTs were estimated via decomposition of evaporated methanol and the oxidation products of methanol were measured by FTIR.The results showed that TiO2NTs crystal structure never changed after Ag decoration.Also，Ag/TiO2NTs（0.01 mol/L）revealed the greatest absorption performance in the ultraviolet region and the most remarkable photocatalytic activity because of Schottkyjunction formation.

Key words：TiO2nanotube arrays；photodeposition；Ag nanoparticles；gas phase degradation

Abstract：In petroleum industry，there is a relatively high proportion of information technologies in which coordinate architecture is lacking.Aiming at this problem，a petroleum data standard system is put forward in complex standardization method.The data standard system is composed of business layer data standards and IT system layer data standards.Business layer data standards are integrated in center of business model.It system layer data standards is composed of a series of data standards contributed in data life cycle that include data collecting，transferring，storing，management，servicing and application.With model driven architecture，standard models are designed for these data standard，so that these standards are jointed together between business layer and IT system layer.Meta models are designed so that these standard models can be described and managed uniformly.A height integrable petroleum data standard system is built.

Key words：standard-complex；business model；data standard；model driven architecture；meta-model

Abstract：Aiming at the problems in the training of the process neural networks，a learning algorithm combined by gradient descent algorithm and Newton iteration—Hybrid error gradient descent algorithm is proposed.Based on the comprehensive utilization of two different methods of solving characteristics，the algorithm using gradient method only needs to calculate the first order derivative of the objective function in the initial learning phase，so it has low computational complexity and high error diminished speed.And we introduce Newton iteration algorithm in the convergent domain of the equivalent objective function which is established based on minimum model error.The gradient algorithm is replaced by Newton iteration algorithm when the network learning efficiency become low.Accordingly the problem is transformed into solving nonlinear equations without one dimensional search.The training efficiency of process neural network is improved.The proposed algorithm is applied to time-varying Signs pattern classification，and the experimental results show that the algorithm considerably improves the training efficiency of PNN.

Key words：process neural networks；algorithm efficiency；Newton iteration algorithm；gradient algorithm；Hybrid error gradient descent algorithm

Abstract：This paper probes into a group of contains parameter of nonlinear fourth-order multi-point boundary problems.When the parameter belongs to a certain range，constant variation method is used to calculate the G function which equals to boundary problem.And for the upper and lower bounds of the estimates，finally using cone theorem，prove the existence of positive solutions of fourth-order boundary value problem.

Key words：fourth-order boundary value problem；constant variation method；cone theorem；positive solutions，，，

Abstract：In this paper，we study the existence of positive solutions for a singular semipositone fractional difference system with coupled boundary conditions.This paper analyzes some characteristics of the Green's function.By fixed point theorem in cone of Banach space，we prove the existence of positive solutions to this system when parameterλbelongs to different interval.Finally，an example is given to demonstrate the validity of our main results.

Key words：singular semipositone fractional difference system；Green's function；fixed point theorem；coupled boundary conditions

Abstract：Singular nonlinear second order boundary value problem is studied in this paper.The existence and uniqueness of the positive solution is proved by using Schauder fixed point theorem and the property of Green's function.

Key words：singular second order boundary value problem；fixed point；positive solution

Accumulation conditions for the continuous tight-sandstone gas in Jurassic，Kuqa depression/2014，38（4）：1-9

YUAN Wenfang1，WANG Pengwei2，3，QIN Hong1，PANG Xiongqi2，3，ZHANG Bo1，DU Zhongming2，3，XING Xing1
（1.PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company，Korla，Xinjiang 841000，China；2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China；3.College of Geosciences，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China）

Continental margin basins and their control over the formation of oil and gas—A case from Gulf of Mexico basin/2014，38（4）：10-16

XIE Fenquan1，2，WANG Lidong1，YU Bingsong3，ZHANG Guangya4，WEN Zhixin4，XU Haiyan3
（1.School of Water Resource and Environment，China University of Geology，Beijing 100083，China；2.Qinhuangdao Mineral Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade，Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geo-exploration and Mineral Development，Qinhuangdao，Hebei 066001，China；3.School of Geosciences and Resources，China University of Geosciences（Beijing），Beijing 100083，China；4.Research Institute of Petroleum Ex ploration and Development，PetroChina，Beijing 100083，China）

Analysis of shale gas reservoir development based on fast propelling with high accuracy/2014，38（4）：17-22

HUANG Shijun，TENG Bailu，CHENG Linsong，AI Shuang，JIA Zhen
（College of Petroleum Engineering，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China）

Hydrocarbon reservoir and their controlling factors of Lower Cretaceous in Dehui fault depression/2014，38（4）：23-31

SHAN Xiang1，2，JI Hancheng2，JIA Haibo2，Meng Peiwei2，Kang Le2
（1.Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology，PetroChina，Hangzhou，Zhejiang 310023，China；2.Faculty of Earth Science，China University of Petroleum（Beijing），Beijing 102249，China）

Analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation process of Yingmai 7 Structural belt in Kuche Depression based on quantitative fluorescence techniques/2014，38（4）：32-38

WU Fan1，2，3，FU Xiaofei1，ZHUO Qingong3，GUI Lili3，WANG Yuan4，LU Hui1
（1.College of Geosciences，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China；2.China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd.，Beijing 100011，China；3.PetroChina Key Laboratory of Basin Structure and Hydrocarbon Accumulation，PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Ex ploration and Development，Beijing 100083，China；4.Research Institute of the Tarim Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Korla，Xinjiang 841000，China）

One-way and two-way wave equation pre-stack depth migration approaches/2014，38（4）：39-44

TIAN Dongsheng1，WANG Yunzhuan1，LI Yipeng2，SHI Ying1，KE Xuan1，LI Tingting1，LIU Shufen1
（1.College of Geosciences，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China；2.Department of Electronic Engineering，North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering，Langfang，Hebei 065000，China）

Analysis of the pore structure of shale gas reservoirs based on argon-ion milling SEM and ImageJ/2014，38（4）：45-51

XU Zuxin1，GUO Shaobin2
（1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of CNPC，Beijing 100083，China；2.School of Energy Resources，China University of Geosciences（Beijing），Beijing 100083，China）

Enrichment rule and tapping methods of remaining oil on fault boundary at the high water cut stage oilfields—A case of Putaohua reservoir of the north fault block of Xingnan oilfield，Songliao basin/2014，38（4）：52-58

LIU Zongbao1，YAN Li1，GAO Fei2，FU Xiaofei1，YU Kaichun3
（1.College of Geosciences，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China；2.Oil Recovery Plant No.3，Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.，Daqing，Heilongjiang，163113，China；3.Oil Recovery Plant No.5，Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163514，China）

Coupling research of event deposition and Qinling orogenesis of late Triassic，South Ordos basin/2014，38（4）：59-66

LIU Xuan1，GUI Xiaojun2，DING Xiaoqi1，3，ZHANG Shaonan3
（1.School of Energy，Chengdu University of Technology，Chendu，Sichuan 610059，China；2.China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company，Xi'an，Shanxi 710021，China；3.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Ex ploitation，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu，Sichuan 610500，China）

Isolation and molecular identification of polyacrylamide degrading bacteria/2014，38（4）：67-71

REN Guoling1，XU Jingxue1，WANG Jing1，ZHANG Hong1，LE Jianjun2，HUANG Yonghong1
（1.College of Life Sciences，Daqing Normal University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163712，China；2.Ex ploration and Development Research Institute，Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163712，China）

Performance of vertical fractured wells with finite conductivity in channel-type reservoirs with low permeability/2014，38（4）：72-79

WANG Jiahang1，HOU Xiaochun1，WANG Xiaodong1，WANG Lei1，DONG Wenxiu2，LI Lei1
（1.School of Energy Resources，China University of Geosciences（Beijing），Beijing 100083，China；2.Unconventional Gas Geological Evaluation and Development of Energy Projects，Beijing Key Laboratory of China University of Geosciences（Beijing）Energy Institute，Beijing 100083，China）

Study of butterfly-wing shaped Ag/TiO2NTs and gas phase photocatalytic activity/2014，38（4）：80-85

WU Hongjun1，GAO Yang1，WANG Yang1，YUAN Lingyi2，XIAO Tongxin1，WANG Baohui1
（1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China；2.The Sixth Oil Production Plant，Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163000，China）

Design of petroleum exploration and production data standard system based on business model/2014，38（4）：86-91

XIAO Bo1，2，WEN Bilong3，Shao Qing3
（1.College of Energy，Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu，Sichuan 610059，China；2.Dept of Information System Management，SINOPEC，Beijing 100005，China；3.School of Computer and Information Technology，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China）

Training algorithm of process neural networks based on hybrid error gradient descent/2014，38（4）：92-96

XU Shaohua，SONG Meiling，XU Chen，ZHU Xinning
（School of Computer and Information Technology，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China）

Existence of positive solutions of nonlinear multi-point boundary value problems for fourth-order/2014，38（4）：97-102

KONG Lingbin，XIN Tong
（School of Mathematical and Statistics，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163318，China）

Positive solutions for a class of singular semipositione fractional difference system with coupled boundary conditions/2014，38（4）：103-118

AI Shangming LU Yuanxiu GAO Peng GE Qi
（Department of Mathematics，College of Sciences，Yanbian University，Yanji，Jilin 133002，China）

Positive solution of the singular nonlinear second order boundary value problem/2014，38（4）：119-122

TIAN Shujie1，GAO Wei1，ZHAO Dongxia2，ZHI Yan3
（1.School of Mathematical and Statistics，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing，Heilongjiang，163318，China；2.School of Mathematical Science，Daqing Normal University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163712，China；3.Beidaihe Training Center，PetroChina Gas Line Administration，Qinhuangdao，Hebei 066100，China）