海地纸制紧急避难所，海地

2014-02-20建筑设计坂茂建筑事务所

世界建筑 2014年10期

关键词：木制根长帐篷

建筑设计：坂茂建筑事务所

海地纸制紧急避难所，海地

建筑设计：坂茂建筑事务所

1 在UNIBE大学演示海地纸制紧急避难所装配过程/Prototype assemblageprocess of Paper Emergency Shelters - Haiti at campus of UNIBE

2 太子港周边的帐篷区/A tent village of slum in the suburb of Port-au Prince

3 难民/Victims

2010年1月12日，一场7.0级的大地震袭击了海地首都太子港附近一带。地震导致当地建筑物遭受了严重的损害，120万人失去了自己的家园，超过50万人被迫生活在甚至不能防水的手工避难帐篷中。坂茂与来自多明尼加共和国的伊比利亚美洲大学以及修女总管天主教神学大学的教授和学生们合作，计划建造100座由纸筒和当地材料构成的避难所，为部分灾民提供庇护。（司马蕾译）

On January 12, 2010, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake struck the vicinity of Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The buildings were severely damaged. 1.2 million people lost their homes and more than half a million people were forced to take shelter in the hand-made tents that are not even water proof. Shigeru Ban and the professors and students from PUCMM of the Dominican Republic worked together to build 100 emergency sanctuaries of paper tubes and local materials to provide shelter for part of the victims.

5 内景/Interior view

项目信息/Credits and Data

项目团队/Project Team: Shigeru Ban Architects, Keio University SFC Shigeru Ban Laboratory, Voluntary Architects' Network, Students from Harvard University, UNIBE (Universidad Ibero Americana), PUCMM Santiago/ Santo Domingo

建成时间/Construction Period: 2010.08

4 区位/Location

6 草图/Sketch

冯江：坂茂在太子港更多地扮演了户外装备设计师的角色，避难所是帐篷设计与家具设计的结合。每个紧急避难所的尺寸约为3.45m×4.0m，由22根纸管（其中10根长1.85m，12根长1.3m）、18个胶合木制节点、18根斜向拉索、两种塑料薄膜、胶桩、胶钉和一些绑扎条组装而成。顶面覆盖有两层不同的薄膜，可以防水，雨水可通过避难所四周的排水浅沟排走。

青锋：纸管材料的轻便、廉价、易于修改使得它在紧急人道救援中具有特别的潜能，尤其是在海地这样缺乏救援物资供给的地方。纸管避难所实际上是一个用纸管做骨架的帐篷，纸管的强度不在话下，真正的难处在于节点。木制节点替代原设计中的塑料定制节点，以减弱可靠性的代价增强在当地制造的可能性。严峻的现实是，在海地，即使这样的木制节点也可能是奢侈和难以制备的。

Comments

FENG Jiang: Shigeru Ban acts more like a designer of camping equipment in Port-au-Prince. The emergency shelter is a combination of tent and furniture. Each shelter is in size of 3.45m×4.0m and consists of 22 paper tubes (10 of which are 1.85m long and 12 are 1.3m), 18 plywood joints, 18 stayed ropes, 2 kinds of plaster sheets, plaster anchors, plastic pegs, fasteners etc. The roof is covered with two different layers of plastic water-proof sheets. The rain may be diverted away by the drains around the shelter.

QING Feng: Cheap, easy to construct and amend, paper tubes have large potentials in emergent disasterrelief constructions, especially in Haiti, a place so lacking in relief supplies. The project is actually a tent of paper tube structure. The strength of paper tube is not a problem. The crucial point is the joints. The pre-fabricated plastic joints were replaced by wooden ones. As a result, the feasibility of local fabrication is increased at the sacrifice of stability. But the harsh reality is that even such wood joints were too luxurious and too difficult to be pre-fabricated in Haiti.

Paper Emergency Shelters - Haiti, Haiti, 2010

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects