DISTORTING HISTORY

By+Ding+Ying

Yin Shuzhang， 76， can never forget one winter night in 1943. It was the night when her family and a neighbors family stayed in a small cave close to her village on the coast of east Chinas Shandong Province to hide from Japanese soldiers patrolling the area. She and her neighbors 3-year-old son both caught a fever from the cold.

They were found by a soldier from the“Chinese Collaborationist Army，” which was made up of Chinese soldiers forced into service by the Japanese. While the two families awaited their deaths in desperation， the soldier whispered to them， “I didnt want to be a traitor. The Japanese forced me with guns.” He passed Yin a warm boiled egg， which was a luxury in those days， and left quietly. Yin survived， but the neighbors son died three days later.

“In those days， things like this happened almost every day. Running away from the Japanese was routine，” she recalled. “How can I forget those terrifying days？”

Yins story is but one among thousands from the time of Japans aggression in other Asian countries during World War II. People in China， Korea as well as countries in Southeast Asia were killed， raped， mugged and had their dignity trampled on during these years， which is why none of these countries can ever forget the aggression that they suffered at the hands of Japanese forces.

Unfortunately， Japans official attitude toward its wartime history remains vague， with some even attempting to revise it or otherwise downplay the atrocities committed by their forefathers.

Japanese officials recently incited a major diplomatic incident when they paid tribute at the Yasukuni Shrine， which enshrines all Japanese soldiers that died in conflicts from the Boshin War （1868-69） up to the end of World War II， including 14 convicted Class A war criminals. Even after Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attracted condemnation from members of the international community —including many East Asian countries ravaged by the Empire of Japans colonialism， as well as its own ally， the United States—Japanese Internal Affairs Minister Yoshitaka Shindo still paid a visit to the shrine on the first day of 2014. These visits not only heightened regional tensions， but aroused alert worldwide over Japans increasingly rightleaning leadership.

“I cannot understand. Since when were murderers good people？” Yin asked.

Conservative estimates suggest that at least 35 million Chinese nationals were killed during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression （1937-45）. People like Yin wonder： Will Japan make a return to the political views of its past？ Will the country retread the path it walked before？endprint

The war-linked Yasukuni Shrine has long been seen as a symbol of Japans past militarism. The 14 Class-A war criminals enshrined there include Hideki Tojo， who planned Japans attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941， and Abes own grandfather Nobusuke Kishi， who was charged with Class-A war crimes though not tried or convicted.

Complicating matters

Yang Bojiang， a senior research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS）， considers Abes Yasukuni Shrine visit as another step rightward following the release of a national security strategy， new defense program guidelines and a medium-term defense buildup plan in December last year. The three documents are seen as aiming to free Japan from its postwar political shackles.

On a personal level， Abe can fulfill his own political desires， said Yang. The researcher predicts that as Abe has pledged to restore Japans status， it will be only a matter of time before he tries to lift the countrys self-imposed ban on exercising the right of collective self-defense， or coming to the aid of an ally under armed attack.

Zhang Yong， another researcher of Japanese studies with the CASS， pointed out that being a representative of politicians born after World War II， Abe has no clear understanding of Japans responsibilities toward the outcomes of the war， which is why he tries to beautify Japans aggression and distort history.

“He prefers military realism instead of political realism. He chose an extremist method of visiting the shrine to fulfill his political mission of right deviation，” Zhang said. He noticed that Abes visit had sent two messages： getting rid of the postwar international system to make Japan a political and military giant and seeking more support by catering to the domestic right.

“The only effect of Abes visit is the deterioration of the East Asian situation， and increased tension in current conflicts between Japan and its neighbors，” said Zhang， predicting that the relationship between China and Japan is going to become even more complicated.

Abes visit to the shrine not only hurt the feelings of the nations that Japan invaded during World War II， but also violated the conscience of international society and challenged the postwar international order， said Qu Xing， President of the China Institute of International Studies.

“The 14 Class-A war criminals represented at the Yasukuni Shrine should be nailed to a pillar of shame in history. They were Japans versions of Adolf Hitler， but they are still worshiped by Japans right-wing politicians. It humiliates international society as a whole. The Chinese people and our government will definitely fight against this dangerous trend，” said Qu.endprint

Making a choice

Chinese Ambassador to Japan， Cheng Yonghua， published an article in Mainichi Shimbun， one of Japans major newspapers， on December 30， 2013. In the article he stated that China has always differentiated Japanese people from Japanese militarists， and war criminals from ordinary soldiers. Like Chinese people， Japanese people were also victims of war， to which Japanese militarists should be held responsible.

“We have no objection to ordinary Japanese paying tribute to their family members. But Japanese leaders visits to the shrine concern the countrys understanding of war. China can never accept such visits，” said Cheng.

Abe and his acts have once again exposed the dangerous intention of the Japanese right wing to beautify war criminals and challenge the results of World War II as well as the postwar international order， said Hua Chunying， a spokeswoman of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Urging Japanese politicians to reflect on their history and correct errors， Hua stressed that the Chinese and Asian people will never allow Japan to turn back the clock.

Abes administration has often defined the Japanese-U.S. relationship as an alliance based on the same interests and values. However， Abe has recently reached the bottom line of the United States conceptions of history and war， said Liu Jiangyong， a professor with Tsinghua University. On the issue of Abes visit to the shrine， Washington and Tokyos interests and values are quite different， Liu pointed out.

“If some countries were to worship Osama Bin Laden as a martyr 50 years later， would the United States accept it？” asked Liu. He added that regional instability is not in the interests of Washingtons Asia-Pacific policy.

“This move amounts to a barefaced denial of the abhorrent atrocities the Empire of Japan committed during a dark chapter for humanity， and also a blatant refusal to face up to or learn from history，” said Peoples Daily， the flagship newspaper of the Communist Party of China， in a commentary on January 2.

The commentary compared Japans attitude with that of Germany. “Abes conspicuous lack of historical honesty contrasts shamefully with the courage and vision of late West German Chancellor Willy Brandt， who dropped to his knees at the monument to victims of the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in a spontaneous act of genuine repentance，” the article read.“The sincere remorse and in-depth reflection of Brandt and other German leaders paved the way for their nation to be accepted by the international community. The moment Brandt knelt down， his nation stood up.”endprint

Now， Japan has to answer the question： Will it stand up from the shadow of war and become a responsible power in the region？ Or will it resort to its old path and become a common enemy to its neighbors？

International Reactions

China

Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi severely criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abes visit to the Yasukuni Shrine， calling it a brazen affront to people of all countries that suffered from Japanese aggression and colonial rule.

“The Chinese people cannot be insulted， nor can the people of Asia or the world be humiliated. Abe must own up to Japans wrongdoing， correct their mistakes and take concrete measures to remove its egregious effects，” Yang said in a statement. “Abe is the prime minister of Japan. His visit to the Yasukuni Shrine is by no means a domestic affair of Japan， still less an act by an individual.”

“In regard to such a leader， the Chinese people will certainly not welcome him， and Chinese leaders will unquestionably not speak with him either，” Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said. “Abe has made poor calculations of China-Japan relations and made one mistake after another，” Qin said， adding this move constituted a deliberate trample on human conscience and an unscrupulous challenge to truth and justice.

The UN

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said，“Leaders bear a special responsibility to be sensitive to the feelings of others， especially the memory of victims， as the region should strive to be forward-looking and harmonious.”It is highly regrettable that tensions from the past are still plaguing the region， Ban added.

The United States

“We were disappointed that Japans leadership has taken an action that will exacerbate tensions with Japans neighbors，” said Marie Harf， spokeswoman of the U.S. State Department.“Our message is very clear from the words we chose.”

Russia

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stressed Russias opposition to Abes visit， deeming it a provocation to its Asian neighbors. Abes visit shows that Japan is unwilling to face up to its past objectively and is trying to whitewash its militaristic history of aggression and colonial rule， he said. Russia is dissatisfied with Japans attitude toward the outcomes of World War II.

Lavrov urged Japan to correct its erroneous historical view and avert further moves that will similarly hurt the feelings of the victims of Japanese aggression in various countries and that will inevitably intensify regional tensions. He said that Russia is ready to work with China to safeguard regional security and stability， and that Russia holds a completely identical stance with China on the Yasukuni Shrine issue.endprint

The EU

Abes visit to the Yasukuni Shrine is not conducive to lowering tensions in the region or to improving relations with Japans neighbors， a spokesperson for EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said in a statement.

“All countries in the region have reaffirmed their commitment to peace and stability in recent months，” said the statement. “The EU has consistently emphasized the need to build on this by handling disputes with careful diplomacy and by refraining from actions which can raise tensions.”

It said the EU urges the countries involved to build positive and constructive ties with their neighbors that will bolster confidence， defuse tensions and assure the long-term stability of the region.

Germany

“All nations must honestly live up to their role in the cruel war events of the 20th century…only on the basis of an honest account is it possible to build a future，” said German Foreign Ministry spokesman Steffen Seibert. He suggested that Japan should face up to the history. “This is a conviction that Germany takes to heart and applies to all countries，”said Seibert.

South Korea

Seoul described the visit as “untrustworthy behavior.” South Korean President Park Geun Hye criticized Japan for “digging up the wounds of the past.” “In the new year …I hope that there will be no act of letting trust between countries crash and peoples feelings deteriorate …” Park said.

South Korean Foreign Minister Yun Byung Se warned that Seoul will deal sternly with Japans nationalist actions， saying further repercussions on the already strained relations between South Korea and Japan are inevitable.

（Source： Xinhua News Agency）endprint