“首字母短文填词”题型点拨与操练

安徽省濉溪县百善中学 姜经志

“首字母短文填词”题型是根据短文句意和已给的首字母，在短文句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整、语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对短文和句子的理解和运用的能力。做好这类题，主要应从以下几个方面入手。

1.通读全句，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根据文意进行合理的判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层点的意义信息比较准确的反映出来。

2.注意精读，反复琢磨。做这类题，有的可根据固定用法来判断，有的可通过上下文意思判断。遇到难词时，就抓住空词句及其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨该词在句中的作用，由此判断出该词的意义。

3.把握词义，填写准确。这里的“准确”

应包括：1）符合要求。即所填单词必须以规定字母开头。2）符合意思。既符合整篇文章的基调，更符合所在句子的含义。3）符合语法。意义相符了，单词选准了，还要注意所填单词是否要作词形变化：如名词是否要用复数形式，形容词是否要用比较级，动词是否要变时态等。

4.复读全文，验证答案。看所填单词是不是最佳单词，拼写是否准确无误，词形是滞要作必要的变化，短文是滞前后连贯一致，情节发展是否合理，议论是否合乎逻辑等。

【实题分析】

George and his wife were looking around for a bigger house.The first place they saw was a bit f__1__from their office.It would take much time to go to work.The second place was larger b__2__didn’t have a garden.Then they visited a t__3__and a fourth places.Both were too expensive.They n__4__lost hope.

Yesterday they f__5__a less expensive house—a four-bedroomed house with a little lawn at the front.It was just what the children n__6__.but some of the roofs and walls were b__7__.George needed much money to r_____8 the house.

So George asked his father to lend him some money.George’s father wasn’t sure if his son would be a__9__to return the money.He thought for a while，then he said，“you grew up w__10__a garden.I don’t think it’s a must for the children to play in a garden.”

【答案与解析】

通读全文，可以了解到本文讲述的是George 一家找一套大房子的选房过程。

1.从后面句子中的take much time to go to work 可知应填far，far from 意为“远离”

2.该空前后两部分具有转折意义，应填一个转折连词，but 既符合首字母要求，又表示转折意义，所以填but。

3.从后面的a fourth 可得出此处应填third。

4.George 夫妇在看了四个地方后，都不满意，可知他们几乎失去了希望，所以应填nearly。

5.从句意可知他们找到了一处较为便宜的房子，所以确定应填find，再根据全文的时态，得出应填found。

6.从句意可知这块草地正是孩子们需要的，所以应填needed。

7.此处所填的单词应该和后一句连起来看，此句的开头是一个but，可知虽好，但房顶和墙壁有问题。后一句说George 需要很多钱。根据首字母可知是房子有破损，所以应填broken。

8.房顶和墙壁有破损，自然是需要修补，所以应填repair。

9.根据句意可知George 的父亲是在犹豫George 能否还了钱，be able to 意为“能够做……”，所以应填able。

10.根据上下文得出，父亲不想给George 借钱，因此把George 小时候没有在花园玩儿，也长大了作为借口，所以应填without。

【小试牛刀】

根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词，补全短文，使短文完整通顺。

（A）

If you do not use your arms and legs for some time，they will become weak.When you start using them again，they slowly become s__1__again.Everybody knows that but many people do not seem to know memories (记忆力) work in the s__2__way.

When someone says that he has a g_____3 memory，he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by u__4__it.When some one says that his memory is poor，he really means that he does not give it enough c_____5 to become strong.

If a friend tell s us that he has a poor memory，many of us may think his p_____6 should be blamed (被责备)，and f__7__of us know that it is his o__8__fault (过失) rather than his parents’.Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have b__9__memories? This is because they can’t read or write and they have to try to r__10__things well.Well.Their memories are always exercised.

So if you want to have a good memory，practice remembering things in a way as other people do.

(B)

School education is very important and useful.S__1__can get a lot of knowledge (知识) at school.But no one can learn e_____2

from school.Great s__3__such as Galileo and Einstein got a lot of knowledge out of school or in practice by themselves.A teacher can’t teach his students everything even though (即使) he k__4__a lot.His j__5__is to show his students how to learn，how to read and how to think.A good teacher with rich experience in t__6__can teach his students the ways of study.Through these ways the students are a__7__to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.

Usually it is very e__8__for the students to remember some rules，but it is very difficult to use those rules to s__9__some problems.If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to u__10__knowledge，they will get more by themselves.