纳米磁珠分选联合TRFIA检测血清半乳糖凝集素-3对胰腺癌诊断的价值
2013-10-19邵楠李小彦肖明兵江枫倪温慨陆翠华倪润洲
邵楠 李小彦 肖明兵 江枫 倪温慨 陆翠华 倪润洲
·论著·
纳米磁珠分选联合TRFIA检测血清半乳糖凝集素-3对胰腺癌诊断的价值
邵楠 李小彦 肖明兵 江枫 倪温慨 陆翠华 倪润洲
目的采用纳米磁珠分选联合时间分解荧光免疫测定(纳米磁珠-TRFIA)的方法检测血清半乳糖凝集素-3(Galectin-3)的浓度,评价其对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法收集88例胰腺癌、50例急性胰腺炎、10例胰腺囊肿患者的血清,以20位健康者作为正常对照组。先采用Galectin-3抗体耦联的纳米磁珠对人外周血清进行分选,再用TRFIA法检测Galectin-3浓度,并与常规TRFIA法检测所得的血清Galectin-3浓度进行比较。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)确定诊断胰腺癌的界值,获取诊断胰腺癌的敏感性。结果纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测Galectin-3浓度在0.78~100 ng/ml范围内呈线性关系,批内CV≤6.38%,批间CV≤7.22%,平均回收率为105.3%。纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测正常对照组的血清Galectin-3浓度为0.38(0.02~3.06)ng/ml,显著高于常规TRFIA法检测得到的0.18(0.00~2.64)ng/ml(P=0.000)。纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测的胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者血清Galectin-3浓度分别为4.85(0.00~42.67) 、0.69(0.00~13.62)、0.70(0.00~14.54)ng/ml,胰腺癌患者明显高于急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及正常对照者(P值均<0.01),而其他3组之间的浓度差异无统计学意义。Galectin-3诊断胰腺癌的AUC为0.851±0.040,95%可信区间0.772~0.929。以Galectin-3浓度1.07 ng/ml为诊断界值时,胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及正常对照者的阳性率分别为84.1%(74/88)、34.0%(17/50)、20.0%(2/10)、10.0%(2/20),对胰腺癌的诊断敏感性显著高于其他3组(P值均<0.01)。结论纳米磁珠分选联合TRFIA法可富集血清中的Galectin-3,从而提高血清Galectin-3检出敏感性及其对胰腺癌的诊断价值。
胰腺肿瘤; 时间分解荧光免疫测定; 半乳糖凝集素-3; 纳米磁珠分选
采用血清标志物来提高胰腺癌的早期诊断水平是最易推广应用的方法,但目前临床常用的标志物诊断特异性及敏感性较低。半乳糖血凝素-3(Galectin-3)是半乳凝素家族的一员,具有识别糖蛋白和糖脂的特异性低聚糖结构。以往的研究结果显示[1-4],胰腺癌组织Galectin-3蛋白表达上调,胰腺癌患者外周血Galectin-3浓度也异常升高,提示其对胰腺癌具有诊断价值[3-4]。但常用的检测Galectin-3的方法,如ELISA或化学发光法等的检测灵敏度有限,且需消耗较多血清。本研究自行建立纳米磁珠分选联合时间分解荧光免疫(Time resolved fluoroimmunoassay,TRFIA)的方法(纳米磁珠-TRFIA法)检测血清Galectin-3,具有较好的灵敏度及稳定性,现报道如下。
材料与方法
一、研究对象
收集南通大学附属医院2010年5月至2012年12月间住院的胰腺癌患者88例,男性49例,女性39例,中位年龄57岁;胰腺囊肿患者10例,男性5例,女性5例,中位年龄50岁;急性胰腺炎患者50例,男性27例,女性23例,中位年龄52岁。所有病例均经临床和(或)病理学证实。以20例体检健康者作为正常对照,男性11例,女性9例,中位年龄51岁。所有患者均在治疗前采集清晨空腹静脉血,分离血清后置-80℃冰箱保存。
二、纳米磁珠-TRFIA检测方法
采用GoldMag®-CS纳米金磁微粒(30 nm)蛋白耦联试剂盒(西安金磁纳米生物科技有限公司)将经2次耦联液预处理的GoldMag®-CS纳米金磁微粒与耦联的抗人Galectin-3单抗(R&D公司)置37℃、180 r/min振荡耦联20 min,封闭液封闭后加入待测血清或Galectin-3标准蛋白置37℃反应1 h,磁性分离2 min,吸出的血清可检测其他指标。分离后的磁珠经洗涤后加入生物素标记的抗人Galectin-3 抗体(R&D公司)置37℃孵育1 h,磁性分离后弃上清,洗涤后加入Eu3+标记的streptavidin (PE公司)37℃避光孵育1 h。磁性分离,洗涤,加入增强液反应后移至96孔检测板,置PE公司VICTOR X5时间分解免疫荧光器以激发波长337 nm、发射波长615 nm测各孔荧光值。 根据标准曲线计算样本Galectin-3浓度。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)确定诊断胰腺癌的界值,获取诊断胰腺癌的敏感性。
三、常规TRFIA检测方法
参照肖明兵等[4]之前报道的TRFIA法。
四、统计学处理
用Stata 8.0及SPSS 15.0统计软件进行统计分析。应用纳米磁珠-TRFIA法及常规TRFIA法检测的正常血清Galectin-3浓度之间的比较采用配对t检验。因纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测血清Galectin-3在各组中结果呈偏态分布,故以中位数(范围)表示,各组间的差异比较采用秩和检验。计数资料以百分率表示,率的比较采用χ2检验,当理论频数小于5时,采用Fisher′s确切概率法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结 果
一、纳米磁珠-TRFIA检测Galectin-3方法的建立
30 nm粒径的超顺磁性复合微粒,其核为纳米磁性粒子,核表面是金的壳层,不需共价耦联试剂可成功将Galectin-3抗体耦联在纳米金磁微粒表面,耦联有Galectin-3抗体的纳米金磁微粒可以从血清中吸附出Galectin-3,分离后的血清可以进一步加入第二种抗体耦联磁珠以进行另一个标志物的检测,充分提高了血清样本利用率。该法检测系列稀释的Galectin-3标准蛋白,在0.78~100 ng/ml范围内呈线性关系(图1)。批内CV≤6.38%,批间CV≤7.22%,平均回收率为105.3%。
图1纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测Galectin-3的剂量-反应曲线
二、纳米磁珠-TRFIA法及常规TRFIA法检测正常对照组血清Galectin-3浓度的比较
纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测20例健康者血Galectin-3浓度为0.38(0.02~3.06)ng/ml,常规TRFIA法检测的浓度为0.18(0.00~2.64)ng/ml(图2),纳米磁珠-TRFIA法的检测值显著高于常规TRFIA法,差异有统计学意义(t=5.2268,P=0.000)。
三、各组患者血清Galectin-3浓度及其对胰腺癌的诊断价值
纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测的胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及正常对照者血清Galectin-3浓度分别为4.85(0.00~42.67)、0.69(0.00~13.62)、0.70(0.00~14.54)、0.38(0.02~3.06)ng/ml(图3a)。胰腺癌患者血清Galectin-3浓度明显高于急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及健康者(Z值分别为5.236、3.210、5.766,P值分别为0.0013、0.0000、0.0000),而急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及健康者之间的血清Galectin-3浓度差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。
Galectin-3诊断胰腺癌的AUC为0.851±0.040,95%可信区间0.772~0.929(图3b)。以Galectin-3浓度1.07 ng/ml为诊断界值时,胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎、胰腺囊肿患者及健康者的阳性率分别为84.1%(74/88)、34.0%(17/50)、20.0%(2/10)、10.0%(2/20),对胰腺癌的诊断敏感性显著高于其他3组(χ2=35.6231,P=0.000)。
图2纳米磁珠-TRFIA法及常规TRFIA法检测的20例健康者血清Galectin-3浓度的比较
图3各组血清Galectin-3浓度散点图(a)及Galectin-3诊断胰腺癌的ROC曲线(b)
讨 论
Galectin-3在结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、甲状腺癌、垂体腺瘤、肾透明细胞癌、浸润性乳腺癌、舌鳞状细胞癌、恶性嗜铬细胞瘤、上皮性卵巢癌、膀胱癌等多种肿瘤中高表达[5-13],其表达的增加与肿瘤的转移和疾病进展呈正相关。本研究组首次报道Galectin-3在胰腺癌组织高表达,同时其患者血清中Galectin-3浓度显著升高,可与CA19-9联合诊断胰腺癌[3-4]。
本研究组以往应用TRFIA法检测血清Galectin浓度,是取代放射性免疫分析的一种定量检测方法[14]。它的基本原理是利用3价稀土离子(如Eu3+、Sm3+、Dy3+、Tb3+)作为示踪物,延迟检测寿命较长的特异性激发荧光以排除非特异性及背景荧光的干扰,即测定复合物中的稀土离子被激发的延迟荧光强度,从而确定待测蛋白的浓度。它具有灵敏性高、特异性强、稳定性好的特点。
本研究采用纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测血清Galectin-3浓度。纳米磁珠兼具高分子粒子和磁性粒子的特性,具有固定效率高、机械强度高,耐腐蚀、易于磁性分离及生物相容性好的特点,为极具应用价值的新型功能材料。在生物医药领域,纳米磁珠可应用于蛋白质、DNA、细菌及病毒的检测,并大大简化实验流程、缩短测试周期、明显提高检测灵敏度[15]。本研究先采用抗体耦联的纳米磁珠进行分选,从体积较大的标本中富集筛选出目的蛋白,使得样本得到一次浓缩,从而大大提高了检测灵敏度。本研究显示,正常对照组血清Galectin-3浓度高于用常规TRFIA法检测的同1份标本的浓度,且对胰腺癌的诊断敏感性从常规TRFIA法的70%提高到84.1%,证实纳米磁珠-TRFIA法优于常规TRFIA法。而且该法的平均回收率高,批内、批间差异在6%~7%,具有较好稳定性及重复性。此外,该法可以用耦联不同抗体的纳米磁珠先后进行富集,使患者血清得以重复利用,从而达到高通量检测的目的。因此,应用纳米磁珠-TRFIA法检测血清Galectin-3值得在临床推广,其对胰腺癌的诊断价值则需更多的临床病例验证。
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Thevalueofserumgalectin3detectedbynanomagneticbeadssortingtimeresolvedfluoroimmunoassaytandemanalysisinthediagnosisofpancreaticcancer
SHAONan,LIXiao-yan,XIAOMing-bing,JIANGFeng,NIWen-kai,LUCui-hua,NIRun-zhou.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,AffiliatedHospital,NantongUniversity,Nantong226001,China
NIRong-zhou,Email:nirz@163.com
ObjectiveTo study the value of serum galectin-3 detected by nanomagnetic beads sorting time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) tandem analysis in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe serum of 88 cases of pancreatic cancer, 50 cases of acute pancreatitis, 10 cases of pancreatic cysts, and 20 cases of healthy volunteers as control were collected. First, galectin-3 antibody coupled nanomagnetic-beads was used to sort the serum, then TRFIA was applied to detect the level of galectin 3, and the result was compared with that of routine TRFIA. ROC curve was constructed to determine the cutoff value and sensitivity for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.ResultsThe method of nanomagnetic beads sorting TRFIA detected the level of galectin 3 between 0.78 and 100 ng/ml in a linear manner, the intra-CV was ≤6.38%, and inter-CV was ≤7.22%, and average recovery rate was 105.3%. The serum level of galectin-3 in control group by nanomagnetic beads sorting TRFIA was 0.38(0.02~3.06)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that detected by routine TRFIA [0.18(0.00~2.64)ng/ml,P=0.000). The serum levels of galectin-3 by nanomagnetic beads sorting TRFIA in pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts and healthy volunteers were 4.85(0.00~42.67), 0.69(0.00~13.62), 0.70(0.00~14.54), 0.38(0.02~3.06)ng/ml, and the level of galectin-3 in pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that in acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts and healthy volunteers group (P<0.01), while the difference among the other three group was not significantly different. The AUC of galectin-3 for pancreatic cancer was 0.851±0.040, 95%CI: 0.772~0.929. While using 1.07 ng/ml as the cut-off value, the positive rates for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts and healthy volunteers were 84.1%(74/88), 34.0%(17/50), 20.0%(2/10), 10.0%(2/20), and the sensitivity for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than those in other 3 groups (P<0.01).ConclusionsNanomagnetic beads sorting TRFIA tandem analysis method can enrich serum galectin-3, and increase the sensitivity of detection for pancreatic cancer and enhance the diagnostic value of galectin-3 for pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Time resolved fluoroimmunoassay; Galectin-3; Nanomagnetic beads sorting
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2013.05.004
江苏省“六大人才高峰”资助项目(WSN-065);江苏省卫生厅资助项目(H200923);南通市科技计划资助项目(S2010012、HS2011004)
226001 南通,南通大学附属医院消化内科
倪润洲, Email:nirz@163.com
2013-05-28)
(本文编辑:吕芳萍)