研读高考试题 分析被动语态

闫新娟

高考试题对被动语态的考查，注重基础，加强应用，灵活创新，试题设计综合语境强。但受汉语习惯的影响，学生往往忽视。下面分析高考近几年来对被动语态的考查点。

一、注重基础，判断好各种被动语态

1. The letters for the boss ___on his desk but he didnt read him until three days later. （2012天津.）

A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put

2. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____. （2012.四川）

A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt

[分析]： 1. A 句意：给老板的信放在他的桌子上，但他三天后才读。考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境及but分词的时态可知前半句也应该用过去时，故排除D项；又因为letters同but之间为被动关系，故排除C项；根据主语letters为可数名词复数可知B项不正确，所以选A项。2. A 句意：目前，他们正和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建中。本题考查动词的时态和语态。房子与重建之间为被动关系，故排除D项；根据句意可知，“房子正在重建之中”，故选A。

二、分析语境，搞清时态、语态交融

3. ----What do you think of store shopping in the future？ （2011. 安徽）

----Personally， I think it will exist along with home shopping but _______.

A. will never replace B. would never replace

C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced

4. In the last few years thousands of films ______all over the world. （2011.天津）

A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced

[分析]：3. C 根据句意可知此处应用一般将来时，故排除B 和 D两项； it 指代store shopping，与replace 之间为被动关系，故答案为 C项。4. B. 句意：在过去的几年里，全世界已经制作了成千上万部电影。in the last / past few years （在过去的几年里）通常与现在完成时连用；另外，根据句意及句子结构可知此句含有被动意义，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态形式。

三、记牢句式，明确特殊被动语态

5. It is often____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （2009.全国II）

A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said

6. During the period of recent terrorist activities， people____ not to touch any unattended bag. （2009. 上海）

A. had always been warned B. were always being warned

C. are always warning D. always warned

[分析]： 5. A. It said that…据说……，为固定句式。6. B. 进行时与频度副词连用表达感情色彩，同时people与warn之间构成被动关系。

四、综合判断，注意非谓语动词被动

7. George returned after the war， only ____that his wife had left him. （2012.山东卷）

A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

8. I still remember____ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. （2009.陕西）

A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken

9. ______ to work overtime that evening， I missed a wonderful film. （2012.重庆）

A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked

[分析]：7. A. 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。由题干中的 only 可知要用不定式构成结果状语，故选A 。 8. D. 句意：我仍记得被带到法门寺，和在那看到的情景。“记得干过某事”用remember doing sth，主语I与remember之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动语态。9. A.考查非谓语动词作原因状语的用法，非谓语动词与主语I之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除B、C 两项；不定式短语置于句首时通常表目的，故排除D项；having been asked 在本句中作原因状语，故答案为A项。

五、通过辨析，增加语态考点难度

10. The loss has not yet been____ accurately， but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. （2009. 湖北）

A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled

11. A notice was____ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. （2009.陕西）

A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up

[分析]：10. A. 句意：虽然损失还没被精确计算，但人们认为可能超过一亿美元。calculate计算，推算；consider考虑，认为；complete完成；control控制。11. D. 句意：张贴通知是为了提醒同学们演讲时间的变动。put up张贴，搭建；send up发出，发射；give up放弃，停止；set up建立，创立。

六、加强应用，夯实主动表示被动

12. I was out of town at the time， so I dont know exactly how it ____. （2009.山东）

A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened

13. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ____to the well-educated. （2009.重庆）

A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged

14. ---Do you want a lift home？ （2009.江西）

---Its very kind of you， but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock ____.

A. doesnt go off B. wont go off C. wasnt going off D. didnt go off

[分析]：12. B. 句意：当时我不在城里，所以我不知道事情是怎么发生的。happen不及物动词，无被动语态，只需从语境中分析时态。13. A. 14. D. 道理同上。

[动手练练]

1. Great changes ___ in the city， and a lot of building____.

A. have been taken place， have been set up B. have taken place， have been set up

C. are taken place， were set up D. were taken place， were set up

2. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I___ the cloth___ well.

A. have told， washes B. have been told， washes

C. was told， washed D. have been told， is washed

3. I still remember___ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.

A. to be caught to play B. catching play

C. being caught playing D. having caught playing

4. The fruit____ fresh in his fruit stand sells well.

A. looking B. looked C. look D. to be looked

5. ____by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.

A. Having been misunderstood B. Being misunderstood

C. Having misunderstood D. Misunderstood

6. ---Whats the matter with him？

---Oh. His cellphone was left in a taxi accidently， never___ again.

A. to find B. finding C. to be found D. being found

7. Mum， I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _____ on Friday. （2012.辽宁）

A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid

8. ----Alvin， are you coming with us？ （2012.浙江）

----Id love to， but something unexpected ________.

A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up

9. Is honesty the best policy？ We _____that it is when we are little. （2012.上海）

A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught

10. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now ______later in life. （2012.湖南）

A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid

（ 陕西省洋县中学）