单元点拨与高考链接
2013-04-29吴涛
一、词汇
1. occasion n. (P.9) ①[C]时刻,时节;②[C]重要的庆祝活动;③[U]场合,时机。如:
Ive met with him on several occasions. 我已见过他好几次。
I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就为这次活动,我买了一身新衣服。
The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views.这次大会是不同国家交流看法的一个好时机。
【拓展】 on occasion有时,间或;occasional adj. 偶尔的;occasionally adv. 偶尔地
【高考真题回放】 (1) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北)
A. at random B. by chance
C. in turn D. on occasion
【答案】 B。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn转而,反过来,依次;on occasion有时,间或;此处是指一个艺术家偶然发现了一个古希腊花瓶,所以选B。解题的关键在于正确理解和把握固定词组的多个含义。
(2) As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only .(2008湖北卷)
A. occasionally B. anxiously
C. practically D. urgently
【答案】 A。occasionally偶尔地;anxiously焦急地;practically实际上地,几乎;urgently紧急地。句意:由于他在偏远的地区工作,所以他只是偶尔去看望自己的父母。
2. equip vt. (L.26,P.14) 装配,配备。如:
The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.士兵们配备着最新式的武器。
So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine.于是他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行医学研究。
【常用搭配】 be equipped with装配,安装;be equipped for准备好,对……有准备
【高考真题回放】 She the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷)
A. connected B. fitted
C. equipped D. matched
【答案】 D。考查动词搭配。A connect... with“用……把……连接起来”;B 与fit经常搭配的介词是to“使……适合……,适应”;C equip... with... “用……装备、使具备”;D match... with “使……相配”。句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗帘与地毯搭配起来。
3. possible (L.11,P.2) adj. 可能的;副词:possibly;反义词:impossible
【点拨】 possible 表示(做某件事是)可能的,不能用某人或某物做主语。掌握这样三个句型:①It is possible / probable / likely (for sb.) to do sth. ②sb. / sth. is likely to do sth.③ It is possible / probable / likely that...如:也许她能解决那个问题。
[×] She is possible to solve the problem.
[√] It is possible for her to solve the problem.
[√] She is likely to solve the problem.
[√] It is likely that she solves the problem.
【高考真题回放】 Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陕西卷)
A. likely B. possible
C. probable D. sure
【答案】 A。
二、短语或句型
4. Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (L19, P2) 多伦多,加拿大最大的城市,据说是世界上最多文化的城市。
【点拨】 该句=It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the world. 如:
Smith was said to be a spy. =It was said that Smith was a spy. 传说史密斯是个特务。
【拓展】 相关的句型有:① be said to do / be ...据说是…… ② be said to be doing sth. 据说正在做……。③ be said to have done sth. 据说已经做了……如:
(1) His son is said to be studying abroad. 据说他儿子正在国外读书。
(2) The book is said to have been translated into several languages. 据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。
【高考真题回放】 Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.(2011上海春招)
A. to work B. to be working
C. to have worked D. to have been working
【答案】 C。
5. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, ...(L21, P2) 加拿大国家电视塔坐落于多伦多市中心……
【点拨】 这是一个倒装句。句首状语是表示地点的介词短语或某些表示方向的副词(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off)时,完全倒装。但主语如为人称代词时,则不能倒装。部分倒装主要有“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时(如果only在句首不是修饰状语,则要用正常语序)以及某些具有否定意义的词语状语位于句首时表示强调。
【高考真题回放】 (1) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River , one of the ten largest cities in China. (2012重庆卷)
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【答案】 A。
(2) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients
B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated
D. treated can be the patients
【答案】 B。
(3) At no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke
B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
【答案】 C。
6. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L24,P2) 魁北克省内的港口城市蒙特利尔是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二大法语城市。
With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L21,P14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地区,游泳和冲浪成为人们最喜爱的运动。
【点拨】 Paris being the largest是一个独立主格结构,在句中做状语,相当于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一个独立主格结构在句中做原因状语,相当于Because most of its population live near the coast, ...
独立主格结构的构成:(with) + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 分词或不定式。如:
(1) Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。
(2) With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作业要做,他很快回去了。
【高考真题回放】
(1) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. (2012辽宁卷)
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【答案】 B。
(2) The party will be held in the garden, weather . (2012全国新课标)
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
【答案】 A。
(3) Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years. (2011浙江卷)
A. having B. had
C. have D. to have
【答案】 A。
7. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但对于热爱这项运动的人而言,它是一种艺术。
【点拨】 though此处用作副词,前后都用逗号与主句隔开,意为“然而、但是”。如:
He said he would come to the party, he didnt, though. 他说他回来参加晚会的,然而没来。
【拓展】 though还可以用作连词引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。如:
Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻,然而他懂得很多东西。
【高考真题回放】
(1) I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar. (2012全国新课程卷)
A. therefore B. although
C. since D. unless
【答案】 B。
(2) It was a nice meal, a little expensive. (2011全国卷II)
A. though B. whether
C. as D. since
【答案】 A。
(3) Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, ? (2010浙江卷)
A. though B. also
C. either D. too
【答案】 A。
8. The only active participants are the horses and the people who ride them, while everyone else watches. (L.44, P.15) 只有马和骑手积极参与,而其他所有人都在观看。
【点拨】 在这个句子当中,while用作并列连词,表示“然而”。
【拓展】 除此之外,while还有名词和从属连词(有两种用法):
1) 引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,“在……期间”。如:
He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我准备晚餐的时候他在洗澡。
2) 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,相当于though。如:
While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you.
虽然我了解你的观点,我还是不能同意你的。
【高考真题回放】
(1) I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.(2012湖南卷)
A. While B. Once
C. If D. Until
【答案】 A。
(2) volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. (2011北京卷)
A. Since B. Once
C. Unless D. While
【答案】 D。
(3) Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal. (2010全国卷I)
A. so that B. although
C. while D. as if
【答案】 C。
9. 本单元中的一些重点短语:
be second only to... 仅次于……
minus 29 degrees centigrade零下29摄氏度
for short 简称
frozen wastes冰封的荒原
be home to 为……的所在地
a handful of 少数,一把
go with 与……相配
participate in参加
in particular尤其,特别,专门
rather than而不是
consist of由……组成
lead to通往,通向;导致,引发
turn to变成,转变
be equipped with 配备有……
be worthy of... 值得……
as well as和,以及
be content with sth. / to do sth. 对……满足 / 满意
distinguish A from B / distinguish between A and B 把A和B区分开来
Module 9 Unit 2
一、词汇
1. decoration n. (L.19,P.30) 装饰,装修,装潢
The house is wonderful. But I dont like the decorations.房子不错,不过我不喜欢里面的装潢。
【拓展】 decorate vt. 装饰,装潢;decorative adj. 装饰的,装潢的;decorator n. 装饰家
【高考真题回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.(2013江苏卷)
—Me too. The character of the town is well .
A. qualified B. preserved
C. decorated D. simplified
【答案】 B。动词的过去分词已具备形容词的性质。be qualified合格的;有资格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的;be simplified被简化的。根据句意,选B。句意:——这座小镇是如此美丽!我真是喜欢它。——我也是,小镇的特色保存得很完好。
2. (1) associate vt. (L.16,P.18)使……发生联系,使联合;association n. 如:
We associate China with the Great Wall. 我们说起中国,就会想到长城。
(2) register vt. 登记,注册;n. 花名册,登记簿 (L.47,P.31) 如:
He registered the birth of his child. 他登记了孩子的出生日期。
The teacher kept a register of the names of the children. 这老师保留了一份孩子们的名册。
【高考真题回放】 According to the law, all foreigners have to with the local police within two weeks of arrival.(2013湖北卷)
A. associate B. dispute
C. negotiate D. register
【答案】 D。考查动词的辨义。register登记,注册;associate(使)发生联系;(使)联合;结交;联想;dispute辩论,争论;negotiate谈判,协商;此处是指所有的外国人都必须在抵达两周内到当地警察局登记,所以选D。
3. clumsy adj. (L.76,P.19) 笨拙的;clumsily adv.
【高考真题回放】 Dont defend him anymore. Its obvious that he destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally B. carelessly
C. deliberately D. clumsily
【答案】 C。考查副词的辨义。deliberately故意地,蓄意;accidentally偶然地,意外地,非故意地;carelessly粗心大意地,草率地;clumsily笨拙地,粗陋地;此处是指“不要为他辩护了,很明显他是故意破坏了花园的篱笆而不道歉。”所以选C。
二、短语或句型
4. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允许代表詹姆斯国王去南美洲寻找黄金。
【点拨】 on behalf of“代表某人”如:Dont trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要为了我去麻烦了。
有介词+名词+介词的短语还有:in charge of掌管,负责;in control of控制;in memory of纪念;in honor of纪念;向……表示敬意;in / with regard to关于;in favor of赞同,支持;in addition to除……以外;on top of在……上方;除……之外;in response to作为对……的回应、答复
【高考真题回放】 everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. (2013辽宁卷)
A. By means of B. On behalf of
C. In search of D. For fear of
【答案】 B。本题考查短语介词辨析。A.by means of通过……的手段;B. on behalf of代表;C.in search of寻找;D. for fear of为了避免,唯恐。根据句意可知,选择B。句意:代表在场的每一个人,我祝您归国旅游愉快。
5. No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks. (L1,P18) 没有任何人对西方文明的影响比希腊人更大。
【点拨】 形容词、副词的比较级与否定式连用表示最高级的含义。如:
I have never seen a prettier sight. 我从来没看到比这更美的风景。
—What do you think of the plan? ——你觉得这个计划怎么样?
—I cant agree more. Its quite practical. ——我非常同意。这个计划很实用。
【拓展】 此句可以用3种方式来表达
(1) The ancient Greeks had the greatest impact on the Western civilization in the world.
(2) The ancient Greeks had greater impact on the Western civilization than anyone else in the world. (than any other in the world.)
(3) No one has had a greater impact on Western civilization than the accient Greeks.
【高考真题回放】 —You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont.
— . Confidence is really important.(2012天津卷)
A. Its not my cup of tea
B. Thats not the point
C. I dont think so
D. I couldnt agree more
【答案】 D。
6. The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, ... (L.6, P.18) 西方字母表或罗马字母表是希腊人的发明,马拉松也是。
【点拨】 as代表前面所述的某种情况或某一事实也适合另外一个人或物,意为“如……一样”。常用as / so + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 +主语。如:
She plays the piano well, as does her mother. 她和母亲一样钢琴弹得好。
The film is so boring, as is its music. 这部电影很乏味,其音乐也是如此。
【拓展】 (1) 如果对前面所述的某种情况或某一事实加以肯定,用:so / as + 主语 + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词。
—Last Sunday Tom went to Anns birthday party. ——上星期天汤姆参加了安妮的生日晚会。
—So he did. And so did I. ——是的,他确实去了,我也去了。
(2) 如果是比较复杂的句子,用So it is with sb. 或者 It is the same with sb.
He is clever and works hard. So it is with his brother. 他聪明,学习认真,他弟弟也是如此。
(3) 如果在否定句中表示前面所述的某种情况或某一事实也适合另外一个人或物则用:neither / nor +助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语。如:
If you wont go there, nor do I. 如果你不去,我也不去。
【高考真题回放】
(1) —I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather.
— . I cant stand all this rain. (2012山东卷)
A. I dont care B. Its hard to say
C. So am I D. I hope not
【答案】 C。
(2) The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor it a thought. (2012重庆卷)
A. does he even given B. he even gives
C. will he even give D. he will even given
【答案】 C。
7. ..., there are three main temples to Athena, the Goddess of the city. (L24,P18) 卫城于公元前5世纪建在一个海拔高于雅典城的地方,目的是纪念雅典娜。
【点拨】 the Goddess of Athens是同位语,对其所修饰的名词Athena作进一步的解释说明。如:This is Mr. Li, headmaster of our school. 这是我们学校校长李先生。
【拓展】 ① 除了名词外,还可以有形容词、数词、代词等做同位语。
② 作同位语的名词或者代词可以用形容词、分词短语或者定语从句来修饰。如:
He is our monitor, able, open and sincere.他是我们班长,能干开朗而又诚恳。
You may leave it to us two. 你可以把这事交给我们两个人。
They are both in favor of the plan. 他们两人都赞成这个计划。
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one worthy to be treasured.
这么多年后见到我的叔叔是一个难忘的时刻,一个值得珍惜的时刻。
My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Bob, my great grandfather. 我所有的亲戚中那个真正在美国留下自己印记的人是鲍勃,我的曾祖父。
【高考真题回放】
Helping others is a habit, you can learn even at an early age. (2010 山东卷)
A. it B. that
C. what D. one
【答案】 D。
8. Later, they used the Parthenon as a warehouse to store their supply of gunpowder. (L.47, P.18) ... 将帕台农神庙作为储存军火的仓库。
【点拨】 短语use...as...“把……用作……”。
as 表示“作为”的意思。如:He has worked as a diplomat in the US, Sudan and Saudi Arabia.
他曾任驻美国、苏丹和沙特阿拉伯的外交官。
【拓展】 常见含as(意为“作为”)的短语有:act as作为……用;work as以……身份工作;serve as 用作……;look up to...as把……尊为……;regard...as / consider...as / think of... as认为……是……;treat sb. as把某人当作……
【高考真题回放】 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing a steppingstone to future success. (2008全国卷I)
A. to B. for
C. as D. by
【答案】 C。
9. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 通向陵寝的神道有时被称为石像神道,保存良好。
【点拨】 lead to 课文中意为“通向”,(结果) 导致…… 如:
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把气憋在肚子里只能导致不幸。
【拓展】 ①导致某人做某事,用:lead to sb. / ones doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:
His anger with the teacher led him to shout loudly in class.
His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他对老师的怨气导致他在教室里大叫大嚷。
②n.“引导,带头,领先”如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在赛跑中领先
【高考真题回放】
(1) Look over there—theres a very long, winding path up to the house. (2011山东卷)
A. leading B. leads
C. led D. to lead
【答案】 A。
(2) The news shocked the public, to great concern about students safety at school. (2010重庆卷)
A. having led B. led
C. leading D. to lead
【答案】 C。
(3) With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.(2013江苏卷)
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
【答案】 C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的应用。A. take a share分担……;为……出力B. take a chance冒险C. take a turn转弯,转;(情况、形势等)转变D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句for the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的灵感,美国饮食文化可以变得更好。
10. Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其简单设计和彩绘内顶而闻名,为长陵增添了宏伟与壮丽。
【点拨】 短语add to意为“增加,增添”;“使……规模扩大。如:
That will only add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。
Since then, the Great Wall has been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 从那以后特别在明朝,长城得到了不断的扩建、重建及维修。
【拓展】 与add有关的常用短语还有:
add...to...把……加到……上;add up to 加起来总数为……;add to把加起来;增添。
【高考真题回放】
There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (2006北京卷)
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added
【答案】 D。
11. ... as it sends the message to everyone that these sites are extremely important and precious. (L53, P31) ...因为它向大家提供了这样的信息,即这些遗址非常重要和珍贵。
【点拨】 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:这两个从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,引导词不在从句中担任成分;定语从句对名词加以限制,是名词内容的修饰性定语,其引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语等成分。如:The news that he got there was true.该句有两种分析方法。①get为vt. that在从句中担任宾语,可换成which,也可省略,所以that引导定语从句。句意:他在那儿得到的消息是真实的。②get为vi. that在从句中不担任成分,引导同位语从句。句意:他到达那儿的消息是真实的。
【高考真题回放】
(1) The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. (2012江苏卷)
A. when B. that
C. whether D. how
【答案】 B。
(2) Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.(2012 重庆卷)
A. why B. how
C. whether D. that
【答案】 D。
(3) I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(2012浙江卷)
A. whether B. what
C. that D. how
【答案】 C。
(4) Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津卷)
A. what B. which
C. that D. where
【答案】 C。
12. 本单元中的一些重点短语:
be charged with 被指控犯有……罪
on behalf of somebody代表某人,代替某人
in particular尤其
have an influence on对……产生影响
no different也没什么不同
in a gesture to do sth. 作为……的姿势
give birth to生(孩子)
sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑
in terms of 在……方面,从……方面来说
the pace of change变化的步伐
associate...with把……与……相联系;联想
seize / take control of掌控;获得……控制权
in the field of literature在文学方面
at the last minute在关键时刻
make room for为……腾地方;让位于
give (sb.) permission to do sth. 允许……做
a temple / monument to sb. 为某人而修建的寺庙或纪念碑
(作者:吴涛,南京市第三高级中学)