高一下第一学段 Module 3—4
2013-04-12
重点词汇及短语精析
1. experience v. 经历；亲身经历；体验到
n. 经历；经验；感受
【用法精析】
（1） experience作为动词意为“经历，体验”，后面常接名词或代词作宾语。
We had never experienced this kind of holiday before.
我们以前从未经历过这样的假期。
（2） experience作为名词
1） experience作为可数名词意为“经历（的事）”。
Moving had become a common experience for me.
搬家对我而言已经成了常事。
2） experience用作不可数名词时，意为“经验；体验”，其后常跟介词in。
He has also had managerial experience on every level.
他还有各个层级的管理经验。
【拓展】
experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的（常与in，at连用）
He is experienced in/at hunting.
他打猎很有经验。
2. cause v. 引起；导致
n. 原因；起因
I’m sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience.
给你造成的诸多不便，我很抱歉。
【用法精析】
比较cause，excuse和reason的区别：
（1） cause指造成某现象、某结果的直接原因，常与effect 连用。
Can you tell me the cause and effect of it？
你能不能告诉我它的前因后果？
（2） excuse多指找借口以推卸责任。
Nobody would listen to your excuse.
没有人会听信你的借口。
（3） reason多指（合乎情理的）理由。
They had reason to believe there could be trouble.
他们有理由相信可能会遇到麻烦。
3. occur v. 发生
【用法精析】
比较occur，take place，happen和break out的区别：
（1） occur用于较正式场合，指具体或抽象的事件；在表示具体的事件时，可与happen换用。
I’m afraid that this would occur during my absence.
= I’m afraid that this would happen during my bsence.
恐怕这事会在我缺席时发生。
但，若表示“某想法”出现在头脑之中，不能用happen代替。
Did it occur to you to close the window？
你有没有想到关窗户？
（2） take place通常指某事按计划进行或发生。
The Olympic Games of 2012 will take place in London.
2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行。
（3） happen常指具体事件的发生，特指偶然或未能预见事情的“发生”。
It’s difficult to tell what may happen.
很难说会发生什么事。
（4） break out表示战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等的爆发。
He was 29 when war broke out.
战争爆发时他才29岁。
4. strike v. 打，击；撞；打动（常用被动）；罢工；感动
She took two quick steps forward and struck him across the mouth.
她向前紧走两步，上去给了他一巴掌。
They shouldn’t be striking for more money.
他们不该为了得到更多的钱而罢工。
【拓展】
（1） strike against 撞到……上
（2） strike at 向……打去；袭去
（3） strike down 把……打倒在地；打死
（4） strike sb on 击打某人（身体某处）
A stone struck me on the head. 一块石头打中了我的头。
5. warning n. 警告，警示
【用法精析】
（1） warning作为可数名词意为“可引以为戒的事或人”。
The red light is a warning for people to stop.
红灯是警告人们停止行进的信号。
（2） warning作为不可数名词意为“预兆，提前警告”。
With no warning， he was fired from his job.
没有受到任何警告，他就被解雇了。
【拓展】
（1） warn v. 警告，告诫；通知
（2） warn against 让……提防……
（3） warn about/of... 提醒、警告某人注意……
It was kind of you to warn me against the danger.
你真好心，警告我提防危险。
6. damage n. v. 损失；损害
【用法精析】
比较damage，ruin和destroy的区别：
（1） damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等，不一定全部破坏，为不可数名词。
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.
他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
（2） destroy指“彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复”。
The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.
在地震中整个城市都毁掉了。
（3） ruin现在多用于比喻中，泛指一般的“毁坏”。
You’ll ruin your chance of getting that job if you wear that shirt for the interview.
你如果穿那件衬衫面试，就会断送得到工作的机会。
7. frightening adj. 吓人的；可怕的
【用法精析】
It is fightening for most children to stay in a dark house alone.
一个人待在一间小黑屋对小孩子来说很可怕。
【拓展】
frighten vt. 使惊恐；使害怕
frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的
The ghost story frightened the child.
这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分惊恐。
8. concerned adj. 关心的；担心的
【用法精析】
（1） be concerned about/with/for/over 担心，关心某事
Parents are naturally concerned for their children’s safety.
父母自然关心他们儿女的安全。
Everybody is concerned about the future of his country.
每个人都关心自己国家的前途。
（2） be concerned that... 担心……
I am very concerned that we may not meet the deadline on this.
我很担心我们可能无法在指定时间完成此事。
（3） be concerned with/in 和……有关；牵涉
I am not concerned with that matter any longer.
我跟那件事不再有关。
9. major adj. 主要的，重要的；多数的；主修的
A major problem is the absence of water.
主要的问题是缺水。
A major search is under way to find the escaped prisoners.
大规模搜捕逃犯的行动已经开始。
10. pick up 卷起；掀起；拾起；扶起（某人）；
收拾；（车船）中途搭（人）；学会
The boy picked up the book for the teacher.
男孩替老师拾起了那本书。
Grandma Li fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.
李奶奶跌倒在地，我赶紧跑过去扶她。
You should pick up the tools after mending the car.
修车结束后你应该把工具收拾好。
Where did you pick up your English？
你在哪儿学的英语？
11. take off 脱掉；起飞；离开；休假
Take off those clothes and let me wash them.
把衣服脱下来我来洗。
The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.
飞机起飞得非常平稳，旅客几乎感觉不出来。
【用法精析】
比较take off， put off，set off和turn off的区别：
（1） take off 指脱下，飞机（等起飞）。
（2） put off 多指（会议等）推迟，延期。
We put off the conference in order to better cope with the tense situation.
我们推迟了这个会议，以便能够更好地应付紧张的局势。
（3） set off 指出发，动身。
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow？
你打算明天几点钟启程？
（4） turn off 指关掉，关闭。
If so， you can turn off the alarms.
如果是这样，可以关闭警报。
12. give out 发出；分发；耗尽；公布
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
太阳给地球光和热。
There were people at the gate giving out leaflets.
有人在大门口散发传单。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月以后他们的食物贮备消耗殆尽。
He wouldn’t give out any information about his mother’s death.
关于他母亲的去世他不愿透露任何信息。
13. protect...from/against 保护……不受……侵害
【用法精析】
protect from一般用作protect A from B，意为“使A免受B的侵害”；protect against直接加名词，意为“防范”。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他举起手臂护住脸以免被拳击中。
You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.
你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。
【拓展】
（1） protection n. 保护；防御
（2） under the protection of 在……的保护下
The coat will give protection against heavy rain.
这种衣服可防雨。
The small birds grow healthily under the protection of their mother.
在母鸟的保护下，幼鸟们健康成长。
语法精析精练
情态动词
考点提示：
1. 高考对情态动词的考查，主要在单项填空中。
2. 掌握好常用情态动词的基本用法，重点掌握情态动词表示推测、请求、允许、必要性的用法以及情态动词 + have done表示虚拟意义的准确意思。
语法精析
一、情态动词表示推测的用法
1. 可以表示推测的情态动词有：（1） must（肯定句中）“一定、肯定、准是”；（2） should/ought to“想必应该、按理该、照说应该”；（3） can/could（常用于否定句或疑问句）“可能”，could 可用于肯定句，can表“有时会、时而可能”时，也可用于肯定句；（4） may/might（肯定句或否定句中）“或许、可能”。
2. 表推测的情态动词用来推测现在、将来、过去动作或情况的结构：
（1） must/should... + do（推测现在或将来的情况）
（2） must/should... + be doing（推测正在进行的情况）
（3） must/can... + have done（should/ought to除外）（推测过去发生的情况）
二、“情态动词 + have done”结构表示虚拟意义，有责备含义。
1. should/ought to + have done 过去本该做（而未做）
2. should not/ought not to + have done 过去本不该做（而做了）
3. could + have done 过去本能/本可以做（而没做）
4. might + have done 过去可能做（而没做）
5. needn’t have done 本没必要做（而做了）
三、注意几组情态动词的区别
1. can和be able to表能力；
2. must和have to表“必须”；
3. used to和would表过去经常性动作；
4. need和dare 作情态动词和实义动词的用法。
语法精练
1. （2012年四川卷） I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese， and I said “Ni Hao.” just as I ___ do in China.
A. mustB. might
C. canD. should
2. （2012年全国卷） I ___ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by the house.
A. couldn’tB. mustn’t
C. shouldn’tD. needn’t
3. （2012年天津卷） It’s quite warm here； we ___ turn the heating on yet.
A. couldn’tB. mustn’t
C. needn’tD. wouldn’t
4. （2012年辽宁卷） One of our rules is that every student ___ wear school uniform while at school.
A. mightB. could
C. shallD. will
5. （2012年江西卷） We ___ have bought so much food now that Susie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may notB. needn’t
C. can’tD. mustn’t
6. （2012年陕西卷） I ___ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’tB. can’t
C. canD. will
7. （2012年重庆卷） — ___ you interrupt now？ Can’t you see I’m on the phone？
— Sorry sir， but it’s urgent.
A. CanB. Should
C. MustD. Would
8. （2011年四川卷） The police still haven’t found the lost child， but they’re doing all they ___ .
A. canB. may
C. mustD. should
9. （2010年四川卷） — ___ I take the book out？
— I’m afraid not.
A. WillB. May
C. MustD. Need
10. （2009年四川卷） — I don’t care what people think.
— Well， you ___ .
A. couldB. would
C. shouldD. might
11. （2008年四川卷） Although this ___ sound like a simple task， great care is needed.
A. mustB. may
C. shallD. should
12. Put on more clothes. You ___ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. canB. may
C. mightD. must
13. I got up early this morning， but I ___ so because I had nothing to do.
A. mustn’t have doneB. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have doneD. can’t have done
14. The prisoner ___ have run away this way， for here are his footprints.
A. shouldB. could
C. canD. must
15. I promised to get there before 5， but now the rain is pouring down. They ___ for me impatiently.
A. may waitB. ought to wait
C. must be waitingD. can’t be waiting
16. — Mum， I’ve bought ten bottles of beer for dad.
— Oh！ That ___ be enough.
A. mightB. can
C. shouldD. need
17. — I didn’t go to work today.
— You ___ ； it is Sunday.
A. didn’t need toB. mustn’t
C. can’t haveD. needn’t have
18. — Thanks for lending me the bike. ___ it be put here？
— Yes， you may just as well put it here.
A. DoesB. Shall
C. WillD. Dare
19. — Did you listen to the speech？
— No， we ___ it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.
A. must have attendedB. shouldn’t have attended
C. could attendD. could have attended
20. — Did Dorise go out last night？
— Yes， but she ___ at home. Her little sister needed her
care.
A. may have stayedB. must have stayed
C. should stayD. ought to have stayed
21. — We need a person very much to think up an idea.
— ___ the new engineer have a try？
A. ShallB. May
C. ShouldD. Need
22. — Can I pay the bill by check？
— Sorry， sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that
payment ___ be made in cash.
A. shallB. need
C. willD. can
23. （2012年成都诊断） — When can I see my grandson， John？
— Don’t worry， Granny. He ___ be home at any moment.
A. shouldB. would
C. couldD. might
24. （2012年成都诊断） — Excuse me， where is the International Business Centre？
— Go straight ahead and turn left. You ___ miss it. It’s a huge building.
A. mustn’tB. needn’t
C. can’tD. shouldn’t
25. （2011年成都诊断） Sometimes we ___ be busy shopping in a supermarket for it’s more convenient to purchase on line nowadays.
A. needn’tB. mustn’t
C. shouldn’tD. can’t
26. （2011年成都诊断） The World Wide Web is jokingly the World Wide Wait， because it ___ be very slow sometimes.
A. shouldB. must
C. willD. can
27. （2010年成都诊断） When Premier Zhou Enlai was alive， he ___ work from morning until night every day， dealing with numerous affairs.
A. wouldB. could
C. mustD. might
28. （2010年成都诊断）Mr Brown should have visited Tibet， but he ___ not find time when he was in China.
A. wouldB. should
C. couldD. might
29. （2009年成都诊断） — The old people each ___ get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays.
— Great！ It must be a big surprise to them.
A. mustB. shall
C. wouldD. should
30. （2009年成都诊断） I can’t find Mr Li anywhere in the office building. Where ___ he have gone？
A. mustB. could
C. shouldD. would
综合能力提升
（满分120分；时间80分钟）
第一部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. — Are you for this exciting plan， Joe？
— ___ . I’ll have to think about it for a while.
A. It’s hard to sayB. It’s possible
C. Of course notD. No， I won’t
2. The police found that the house next to mine ___ and a lot of things ___ .
A. has broken into； been stolen
B. had broken into； been stolen
C. has been broken into； stolen
D. had been broken into； stolen
3. Through the satellites going around the earth， we can send and ___ many messages.
A. pick upB. pick out
C. take upD. take in
4. A powerful earthquake has struck the region， ___ at least five deaths.
A. having causedB. caused
C. having been causedD. causing
5. After last night’s heavy storm， we can see the ___ of the crops.
A. ruinB. ruins
C. damageD. damages
6. Encourage your children to build up new interests， but try not to ___ them too hard.
A. drawB. strike
C. pullD. push
7. At the end of the secret negotiation， it was announced that an formal agreement ___ .
A. has been reachedB. had been reached
C. has reachedD. had reached
8. My friends were eager to attend my wedding ceremony so they arrived two hours previous ___ my arrival.
A. toB. with
C. byD. at
9. — Has your sister finished her math homework today？
— I have no idea. She ___ it this afternoon.
A. had doneB. was doing
C. didD. has done
10. Today， we will begin ___ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be missed out.
A. whereB. when
C. howD. what
11. It is years of hard work ___ has made her what she is today.
A. whichB. why
C. thatD. when
12. After spending a day shopping， I have hardly enough strength ___ to move my feet.
A. leavingB. leave
C. leftD. to leave
13. You are always full of ___ . Can you tell me the secret to be like you？
A. powerB. strength
C. forceD. energy
14. Other soldiers will not allow him ___ across the enemy line all by himself.
A. to risk goingB. risking to go
C. to risk to goD. risking going
15. ___ her advice I am staying in bed instead of insisting on my work.
A. UnderB. On
C. WithD. By
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第二部分 阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
A
In many countries today， laws protect wildlife. In India the need for such protection was realized centuries ago.
In about 300 B.C. an Indian writer described forests that were somewhat like national parks today. The killing of game animals was carefully governed. Some animals were fully protected. Within the forest， nobody was allowed to cut trees， burn wood， or trap animals for their furs. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped or killed outside the park， so that other animals would not become uneasy.
The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand sorts of animals are in danger of extinction， and the speed at which they are being destroyed has been putting on. The speed of extinction of mammals（哺乳动物）， for example， is now about one sort every year； from A.D. 1 to 1800， the speed was about one sort every fifty years. Everywhere， men are trying to solve the problem of saving wildlife while caring for the world’s growing population.
36. The report says that in Indian forests long ago ___ .
A. hunters were given permits to hunt game animals
B. dangerous animals must be killed
C. the killing of game animals was controlled
D. no killing of animals was allowed
37. From the report we can learn that ___ .
A. the growth of the world’s population has meant a greater danger to wildlife
B. about a thousand sorts of mammals are in danger of dying out
C. the speed of extinction of mammals is lower now than that from A.D. 1 to 1800
D. hunters who kill endangered sorts of animals are seriously punished by law
38. The underlined word “extinction” in the last paragraph most properly means “ ___ ”.
A. falling downB. dying out
C. growing upD. going away
B
Exploring space is a dream shared by many people， but few have ever experienced the thrill of space adventure. A few years ago， that field was open only to those who worked for NASA or the space programs of other nations. But now private companies are getting into the space race.
Google and the X PRIZE Foundation have joined forces to challenge ordinary people to explore the moon. The first team that successfully soft-lands a robotic rover （机器人探测器）on the moon will receive a $20 million prize. The second team to touch down on the moon will win $5 million. Teams can also win an additional $5 million in extra prizes for completing tasks such as discovering water ice.
To win， competitors must land their aircraft on the surface of the moon and let them travel for more than 500 meters， or 1，640 feet. The craft must also send video and Internet short pieces back to Earth in real time.
Google and the X PRIZE Foundation announced the competition on September 13. “The Google Lunar X PRIZE calls on entrepreneurs（企业家）， engineers from all around the world to return us to the moon’s surface and explore this environment for the good of all humanity，” said Peter H. Diamandis， the head of the foundation， when the competition was announced. “We hope to bring this historic personal space race into every home and classroom，” he added.
Teams are already gathering at the first commercial spaceport in the Mojave Dessert in California to work on their spaceship designs. Competitors have until December 31， 2012 to qualify for the competition， which ends in 2014. The last time humans went to the moon inspired a generation of scientists and explorers. Google and the X PRIZE Foundation are hoping that their competition will get even more people to reach for the moon， the stars and beyond.
39. If the first team lands the craft on the surface of the moon and discovers water ice， how much prize money will they receive？
A. $5 million.B. $10 million.
C. $20million.D. $25 million.
40. Why are Google and the X PRIZE Foundation calling on people to go to the moon？
A. Further exploration of the moon will benefit mankind.
B. They want everyone to join in the space race.
C. They require video and Internet short pieces of the moon’s surface.
D. They hope that new exploration will find life on the moon.
41. It can be learned from the passage that ___ .
A. no private company has set foot on the moon so far
B. competitors can win the prize so long as they touch down on the moon
C. competitors don’t have to design their own spaceships
D. the competition will end in 2012
42. What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. More scientists are working on spaceship designs.
B. Google and the X PRIZE Foundation joined forces to land on the moon.
C. More teams are encouraged to join in the race to explore the moon.
D. The first commercial spaceport has just been completed in California.
C
Larry Stewart， a 58-year-old businessman from Kansas City， has given 1.3 million dollars to strangers he met in the street. He used to hand out $5 and $10 bills to people who seemed down on their luck. When he became a successful businessman， the gifts rose to $100 bills.
Although Mr Stewart helped a large number of people， he refused to make his identity known， so people called him — Secret Santa. This summer， he was told that he had cancer. After getting the terrible news， he decided to reveal（揭露） his identity in the hope that he might encourage others to go on with his Secret Santa career.
Mr Stewart’s decision to help others happened for a reason. In the early 1970s， poor and jobless， he had to live in his car. In the late 1970s， he had a job and got some money， but in 1979， he was fired from his job in the week before Christmas. He felt very sad. One day， he saw an old woman sleeping in the street. It was cold， but the poor woman had no jacket on. Mr Stewart realized that there were others that were in a worse situation. He gave her a $20 bill. Suddenly， the poor woman opened her eyes and tears began to flow down her cheek. She said， “Sir， you have no idea what this means to me.” Mr Stewart went to the bank， withdrew 200 dollars and drove around Kansas looking for people to give the money to .
43. After Mr Stewart knew he had cancer， he revealed his identity in order to ___ .
A. get help from those he had helped
B. get more people to help others
C. make people remember him after his death
D. satisfy people’s curiosity
44. Which of the following statements is TRUE？
A. Mr Stewart began to hand out bills before he became a successful businessman.
B. Mr Stewart cared more about poor women in trouble.
C. Mr Stewart named himself Secret Santa.
D. Mr Stewart lived a rich life all his life.
45. The last paragraph mainly wants to tell us that ___ .
A. a lot of people got help from Mr Stewart
B. many people needed help in the 1970s
C. how Mr Stewart began his Secret Santa career
D. how Mr Stewart became a successful businessman
第三部分 写作（共四节，满分55分）
第一节 任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的词。
Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be an unusual economical field， but increasing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social affair. And economics， with its focus on encouragement， provides an explanation for why so many girls are rid of an education.
Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family： girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school—the prophecy （观念） becomes self-fulfilling， trapping women in a vicious（恶性的）circle of neglect.
An educated mother， on the other hand， has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children， ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls， as well as of boys， will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a good circle.
Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously， there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments， but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant effect on health practices， including family planning.
第二节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
56. I got up late but ____（幸运地）the ceremony had been put off.
57. I was about to strike a match when I remembered my doctor’s ____（警告）.
58. The teacher ____（预测）that only a few of his pupils would pass the examination.
59. The city hall is planning to launch a ____（运动）against waste.
60. The increasing ____（力量）of the wind makes the beach far too dangerous.
61. The robbers would often b____ gold in the cave and failed to collect it
62. The homeless dog waited h____ beside the table of mine for some food.
63. Most of the d____ was caused by you， who were to be criticized sharply.
64. There was total agreement to start the peace p____ as soon as possible.
65. R____ of rubbish costs money and requires special equipment， but it is environmentally friendly.
第三节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Attention， please， everyone. I have a announcement
66. ___
to take. We will pay a visit to the museum on October 1st.
67. ___
I think you’ll be interesting in it. In the course of the visit the
68. ___
guide will give us an account of the past or the development of
69. ___
our city. She say something about the advanced workers，
70. ___
included some teachers. We will see many pictures there.
71. ___
I’m sure of that we can learn a lot. After the visit， we’ll
72. ___
have a discussion in group and each of us must write a
73. ___
composition. We are to start out at 7：00 am. We 74. ___
must gather in time at the school gate. That’s all. Thank you.
75. ___
第四节 书面表达（满分25分）
随着经济水平的提高，人们生活水平也大幅度提高，越来越多的人开始购买私家车。私家车的剧增到底是利还是弊，人们看法不一。有人为此进行了走访调查，下面是调查结果。请根据下面的提示，写一篇短文。
注意：
1. 词数：120左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：国民经济 national economy
Great improvement of peoples’ living standards has led to an increasing purchase of private cars， on whose advantages and disadvantages people disagree.
