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词汇及短语精析

2012-12-29

时代英语·高二 2012年4期

  1. confusing adj. 令人困惑的;难懂的
  What is confusing to most humans is cause or karma.
  让大多数人困惑的就是因果或者业力。
  The instructions on the box are very confusing.
  盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
  拓展:
  confuse vt. 使糊涂,使迷惑
  confuse A with / and B 将A与B混淆
  I’m always confusing Jack with James.
  我总是分不清杰克和詹姆斯。
  confused adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;混乱的
  confusion n. 困惑;混淆
  短语:
  in confusion 乱七八糟,处于混乱状态
  The meeting adjourned in confusion.
  会议在混乱中休会。
  2. compare vt. 比较,对比
  We carefully compared the two reports.
  我们仔细比较了两个报告。
  I compared the copy with the original, but there wasn’t much difference.
  我比较了复印件和原件,但差别不是很大。
  (1) compared to / with... 和……相比
  Compared to many students, he is lucky.
  和许多学生比起来,他是幸运的。
  My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people’s.
  与别人的问题相比,我自己的问题算不得什么。
  (2) compare...to... 把……比作……
  Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
  莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。
  (3) compare notes (with sb) 与某人交换意见
  After comparing notes we found that we had the same opinion.
  交换意见后我们发现原来我们的想法是一致的。
  (4) without / beyond compare 无与伦比(compare用作
  名词)
  She is beautiful without compare.
  她美得无与伦比。
  It’s a diamond beyond compare.
  这是一颗独一无二的钻石。
  拓展:
  comparison n. 比较;对比
  1) by comparison 比较起来;相比之下
  2) by / in comparison (with sb / sth)(与……)相比较
  3. differ vi. 不同,有区别
  People’s tastes differ.
  人们的喜好各不相同。
  (1) differ from... 和……不同
  Their house differs from ours because they have no garage.
  他们的房子和我们的不同,因为他们没有车库。
  (2) differ in... 在……方面不同
  The two boxes differ in colour but not in size.
  这两个盒子的颜色不一样,大小却相同。
  (3) differ with sb about / on / over sth 与……持不同看法
  We differ with them on that question.
  我们在那个问题上跟他们的意见不同。
  4. present vt. 陈述;提出(观点、计划等);颁发,
  授予;展现,显示
  adj. 出席的,到场的;现存的,当前的
  n. 礼物,礼品
  When is the committee presenting their report?
  委员会什么时候提出他们的报告?
  When he left the firm, the director presented a gold watch to him.
  他离开这家公司时,董事长送给他一只金表。
  The book presents an interesting picture.
  这本书呈现了一幅有趣的画面。
  How many people were present at the meeting ?
  参加会议的有多少人?
  We do not have any more information at the present time.
  目前我们没有进一步的消息。
  What can I get him for a birthday present?
  我给他送点什么生日礼物呢?
  5. attempt n. 努力;尝试
  v. 努力,尝试,试图
  They made no attempt to escape.
  他们没有企图逃跑。
  I will attempt to answer all your questions.
  我将努力回答你的全部问题。
  短语:
  1) in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
  2) make an attempt to do / at doing sth 打算做某事
  3) attempt sth 尝试某事
  4) attempt to do sth 试图做某事
  6. criticise vt. 批评,指责;评论,评价
  If you don’t join the club, people might criticise you.
  如果你不加入俱乐部,大家可能会指责你。
  We were taught how to criticise poems.
  我们学习了怎样评论诗歌。
  短语:
  criticise sb for (doing) sth 因某事批评某人
  The government has been criticised for not taking the problem seriously.
  政府因没有认真对待这个问题而受到指责。
  拓展:
  critic n. 批评家,评论家
  critical adj. 批判性的,挑剔的;极重要的,关键的
  criticism n. 批评;评论
  7. have...in common 有相同的特点
  The two cultures have a lot in common.
  这两种文化具有许多相同之处。
  I married her because we have so many faults in common.
  我之所以跟她结了婚,是因为我们俩有那么多共同的缺点。
  短语:
  1) have sth in common 有共同之处
  2) have nothing in common 没有共同之处
  3) have much in common 有很多共同之处
  4) have little in common 几乎没有共同之处
  8. lead to 引起;导致;通向
  T1e6763944a52a9f738e946c91ddf574foo much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
  过量的工作和过少的休息通常会引发疾病。
  This will lead to trouble in the future.
  这将导致以后的麻烦。
  All roads lead to Rome.
  条条大路通罗马。
  拓展:
  lead vt. 过(某种生活)
  lead a happy / hard / simple life 过着幸福 / 艰苦 / 简朴
  的生活
  9. in favour of 同意;支持;看中,选择
  They were in favour of free trade.
  他们赞成自由贸易。
  I’m in favour of equal pay for equal work.
  我支持同工同酬。
  He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a doctor.
  他弃教从医。
  拓展:
  do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙
  Would you do me a favour and turn off the radio?
  能否请您帮我把收音机关上?
  10. refer to...as... 称……为……
  People refer to this kind of food as cheese.
  人们称这种食物为奶酪。
  People who work in offices are usually refered to as“white collar workers”.
  那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”。
  短语:
  refer to 提到,谈论;参考,参照;与……相关
  The scientists referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
  这位科学家提到这一发现时,说是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
  Please refer to a dictionary if you don’t know the meaning of the word.
  如果你不知道这个词的意思,就请查查词典。
  What I have to say refers to all of you.
  我必须说的话适用于你们所有人。
  11. thanks to 幸亏,多亏;由于
  Thanks to Kate’s kind help, we finished it on time.
  多亏凯特的热心帮助,我们才准时完成了它。
  Thanks to the timely help, many people survived the earthquake.
  多亏了及时的帮助,很多人才得以从地震中幸存下来。
  It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.
  由于尽心竭力,这才获得了巨大的成功。
  12. pick up (偶然)学会;拿起,捡起;(开车)接
  人;改善,好转;接收(信号等);辨认,
  识别出;得到,感染
  She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
  她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
  I picked up the book for her.
  我替她捡起了那本书。
  I’ll pick you up at five.
  我五点钟来接你。
  Trade usually picks up in the spring.
  贸易一般在春天回升。
  We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
  我们能收到英国广播公司的国际广播节目。
  Scientists can now pick up early signs of the disease.
  现在科学家能够辨认这种疾病的早期症状。
  I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.
  我似乎从什么地方染上了重感冒。
  13. wear off 逐渐消失,消逝;磨掉,磨损
  The smell ofC05yI4U0giPkLUmOJAMO9hWqW5WcXi2vRT3nVy9rDII= the new paint will wear off in about a week.
  新漆的味道一周内就会消失。
  I bought those new plates cheaply, and the pretty rose pattern has worn off already.
  那些新盘子我买得很便宜,上面漂亮的玫瑰花纹都已经磨掉了。
  拓展:
  1) wear away 变薄,磨光
  The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of people.
  成千上万的人把台阶踏得磨损了。
  2) wear out 穿破,用坏;(使)筋疲力竭,耗尽
  He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.
  去年他穿坏了两双鞋。
  You’ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.
  你要是继续这样拼命工作,身体会吃不消